1.英语基本构词法.

1、Woird-famatbR inEngl谕 Word-formation or word-building is animportant means of vocabularyenlargement The expansion of thevocabulary is a common and naturalphenomenon of any language, including卞he English language.MorphemeFree morpheme(can occur as separate words)Bound morpheme(cannot stand alone as a

2、 word)unfaithful, contain, receive, homework,airsick,卞akeoffAllomorph(词素变体)take (took, taken)in- (il-zim-zir-)Root A root is the base form of a word thatexpresses its essen卞ial meaning, ameaning that never changes, eventhough affixes may be added at thebeginning of a word or at the end of aword.To b

3、e more exact, the term roots that partof the word left when all the affixes(prefixes and suffixes) are removed.unusefullyGreek rootsamphi- （both, both sides of, two）amphibian两栖动物，水陆两用车辆anti-（反对，抵抗）antiaging, antiaircraft,anti-consumerismauto-（自动的,自己的）autodialer,automatic, antoalarm, autoanalysisLati

4、n originbi-centi-counter-deci-Russian origin-nik（赞同的人，特别喜欢.nudnik, computernik, filmnik,peacenikOld English origin-some-ly-ness-shipPolysemy in affixes in-不in complete在里面include dis-分离，除去disburden（卸去），discolour（使退色）解除，解散disengage（解脱）取消，否定disband（解散） -ish似的childish,foolish有点儿的sweetish, redish民族的Danis

5、h,Spanish近乎于的bookish（学究式的），selfish相似的， 具有某种性质的 manly, comradely, cowardly 时间的反复 daily, weekly 以某种方式 s moothly程度 greatly顺序 f irstly在.时 lately在.方面 edus+ionally在.方向。utward ly -ercooker（一般指炊具）烹饪用的水果Br. Ebouncer, minder保镖fiver五英镑一张的钞票pusher贩毒者Thriller惊险小说megaseller热门畅销书actioner动作影片slasher恐怖片splatter凶杀片su

6、spenser悬念片browser浏览器zapper微波杀虫器，微波除草器computertelepuer联网电视机onliner网络用户blogger博客写手Synonymy in affixes否定的a- amoraldis- dissastifiedin-zim-, ir-, il- incorrect, improper, irregular,illogicalnon- nonsmoker, nonexistentun- urrtidy不良，假的mal- malforma卞ion, maladjus卞men十mis- mistreat, mistake pseudo-pseudoaci

7、d, pseudocolor先后ante- antecedent, anteroomex- ex-w讦e, ex-husbandfore- forefather, forehead, forerunnerpost- postwar, pos卞-modern,pre- prebat tie, preburning, pre-echo人们的看法或态度anti- anti-abor卞ion, anti-aging counter-counter-revolutionary, counter-clockwisepro- protest, pro-and-con消除de- demolish, de-em

8、phasiszde-escalatedis- disconnected, disclose, discon卞inueun- undozunlock, unpack, unload大小或程度arch- arch-fiend（大恶魔）be- beli卄lemacro- macro-economics,maxi- maxi（长大衣，趣到脚踝的长裙）,maxi-chemise（宽大衬衫）micro- micro wave, microelec Ironiesmidi- mini- out- over- re- retro- with-周围，外层，靠近inter- irrtra perisub supe

9、r- trans-全部be- omni- pan- panto- per-使成为been-学科-ics physics -logy biology -ry chenistry身份-age -dom疾病-ia -ism -it is -oma -osis地点，场所-age -ern -ery -arium -itory-c(u)le -el -(e)rel -et -ette-ie -kin -let -ling-ock -y抽象-age -ation -ing -ism -sion事物，器具-an卞-er -or家、员、者-ain-ai re-an-ant-ar-ard -arian -ary

10、 -ast -ate -ee-eer -er -ician is十-ive -ling-or阴性-enne-ess -ine -trix-ish-like -ly-oid-ose -ous-ular性质，状态-acious致使,-from变成-al -an-aneous-ar-ary -astic -ate-atic -eous -etic-fic-ful -ial -ian -ic -ical -icular -id-ile -ine -ious -itous-ive-lent -less-OUS -some -tic -tious -ual -uous -y事物，方式，状态，方向-ery

11、ly -swards outwards, inwards-ways-wise clockwiseAffixes and word classen- endanger, enslave, enthrone enable,enfeeble, enlarge, enrich be- becloud,befriend, becalm, belittle benighted,bespec十acled(轻蔑的， 戏的)a- afire, afoo卞，asleep, astirActive affixes -(n)ese某地区的人，某地区的口音Shanghainese, Brooklynese用语，风格，文体Carlylese, Johnsonese -wise相似于hammer-wise, machine-wise, star-wise位置，方向clockwise, crabwise, lengthwise在方面luxurywise就来说curriculumwise就来看housing wiseContemporary sp