TheNervousSystem郧阳医学院实用教案

1、【目的【目的(md)(md)和要和要求】求】 1掌握颅的组成，脑颅、面颅的划分、名称、位置。2掌握颅底内面观的主要结构(jigu)。 3掌握眶、骨性鼻腔的形态特征和交通。骨性鼻旁窦 的名称、位置及开口。 4了解新生儿颅骨的特征及生后变化。 down Up 第1页/共23页第一页，共24页。The skull 颅 The skull contains 23 bones .The skull is is divided into two parts :cerebral cranium脑颅(nol) and facial cranium面颅down Up 第2页/共23页第二页，共24页。(一）Th

2、e cerebral cranium The cerebral cranium consists of eight cranial bones .down Up frontal额骨( ) ethmoid筛骨 Unpaired sphenoid蝶骨 occipital枕骨 parietal顶骨 paired temporal颞骨第3页/共23页第三页，共24页。(二）The facial cranium The facial cranium are fifteen in number. Up maxillae上颌骨 palatine 腭骨 paired zygomatic 颧骨(qun ) bo

3、nes nasal 鼻骨 lacrimal bones泪骨 inferior nasal conchae下鼻甲 vomer 梨骨Unpaired mandible下颌骨 bones hyoid 舌骨down第4页/共23页第四页，共24页。(二）The facial cranium 1. The mandibledown Up 2. The hyoidangle of mandible第5页/共23页第五页，共24页。(三）The skull as a whole颅的整体观 1.The superior aspect of the skull Up coronal suture冠状缝 sagi

4、ttal suture矢状缝 lambdoid suture人字缝down The skull is generally ovoid when from above, and is wider behind than in front. It formed by four cranial bones.第6页/共23页第六页，共24页。 Up 2.The posterior aspect of the skulldown The most outstanding feature of the occipital bone is external occipital protuberance枕外隆

5、凸. The ridge骨嵴 passing on each side laterally of the protuberance is the superior nuchal line上项线第7页/共23页第七页，共24页。 3.The internal surface of the base of skull down Up It is divided into three fossa. These are the anterior, the middle and the posterior cranial fossa.第8页/共23页第八页，共24页。down Up frontal cr

6、est额嵴 foramen cecum盲孔(mn kn) crista galli鸡冠 cribriform plat 筛板 cribriform foramina筛孔 (1) The anterior cranial fossa颅前窝第9页/共23页第九页，共24页。down Up In the center is the hypophysial fossa 垂体(chut)窝. In front of the hypophysial fossa is the optic canal 视神经管. Lateral to the hypophysial fossa is the carotid

7、sulcus 颈动脉沟. There are a series of foramina in the lateral portion of the middle cranial fossa: foramen rotundum 圆孔, foramen ovale 卵圆孔 foramen spinosum 棘孔 (2) The middle cranial fossa 颅中窝第10页/共23页第十页，共24页。down Up It is the largest and deepest of the three cranial fossa. The lowest part of the fossa

8、presents the foramen magnum枕骨(zhng)大孔， There are hypoglossal canal 舌下神经管内口 above the anterolateral margin of the foramen magnum. (3) The posterior cranial fossa第11页/共23页第十一页，共24页。down Up Behind the foramen magnum, there are the internal occipital protuberance枕内隆凸, sulcus for transverse sinus横窦沟, sul

9、cus for sigmoid sinus乙状窦沟, jugular foramen颈静脉孔. internal acoustic pore 内耳(ni r)门 (3) The posterior cranial fossa第12页/共23页第十二页，共24页。 4.The external surface of the base of skulldown Up incisive foramen 切牙孔 greater palatine foramen腭大孔 posterior nasal apertures鼻后孔 occipital condyle 枕髁 hypoglossal canal舌

10、下神经(shxi-shnjng)管外口 jugular foramen 颈静脉孔 styloid process 茎突 stylomastiod foramen 茎乳孔第13页/共23页第十三页，共24页。 5.The lateral view of skulldown Up external acoustic pore外耳门 mastoid process 乳突(r t) zygomatic arch 颧弓 temporal fossa 颞窝 infratemporal fossa 颞下窝 pterion ：in the temporal fossa, the area, where the

11、 four bones, frontal, parietal , temporal and sphenoid, is known as pterion 翼点.第14页/共23页第十四页，共24页。 6.The front view of skull Up (1) the forehead 额区 superciliary arch 眉弓down眉的形态与美容(mirng)的关系 第15页/共23页第十五页，共24页。 6.The front view of skull Up (2) the orbits 眶 orbital opening 眶口 supraorbital foramen (not

12、ch)眶上孔 infraorbital foramen眶下孔 orbital apex: optic canal 视神经管口 superior wall:lacrimal fossa泪腺(lixin)窝 medial wall: lacrimal sac fossa泪囊窝,nasolacrimal canal 鼻泪管 inferior wall: infraorbital fissure 眶下裂 lateral wall: supraorbital fissure 眶上裂 down第16页/共23页第十六页，共24页。 6.The front view of skulldown Up (3)

13、the bony nasal cavity nasal septem 鼻中隔 superior middle conchae甲 inferior superior middle meatus道 inferior sphenoethmoidal recess 蝶筛隐窝第17页/共23页第十七页，共24页。 6.The front view of skulldown Up (4) the paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦 the frontal 额 sinuses the ethmoidal 筛sinuses the sphenoidal 蝶sinuses the maxillary上颌

14、(shngh) sinuses (5) the oral cavity 骨性口腔(kuqing) 第18页/共23页第十八页，共24页。(四）The skull at birth Up anterior fontanelledownposterior fontanelle第19页/共23页第十九页，共24页。【思考题】 1颅骨可分哪几个部分？分别包括哪些骨？ 2从颅底内面观，颅中窝可见哪些孔裂？ 3鼻腔外侧壁上有哪些重要结构？ 4鼻旁窦有哪些？各开口(ki ku)于何处？上页下页第20页/共23页第二十页，共24页。 Up 小 结第21页/共23页第二十一页，共24页。返回(fnhu)第22页/共23页第二十二页，共24页。谢谢您的观看(gunkn)！