名词性从句 (3)

1、Grammar Noun clauses 名词性从句名词性从句 Useful structure 1. 名词性从句的定义名词性从句的定义 名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句可分为主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同、宾语从句和同位语从句。位语从句。 I think that I have met him before. What he said is not known. The news that hell come is true. The que

2、stion is how we can learn from the successsful experience. 语序：在名词性从句中，一律语序：在名词性从句中，一律使用陈述句语序。使用陈述句语序。 如：如：I wonder who she is.词形词义在从句中所作的成分连词that-If/whether是否连接代词who(ever)（无论）谁（主格）主语、表语whom(over)（无论）谁（宾格）宾语whose(ever)（无论）谁（所有格）定语what(ever)（无论）什么主、宾、表、定语which(ever)（无论）哪个主、宾、定语连接副词when什么时侯状语where在哪里状语

3、how怎样怎么多么状语why为什么状语引导名词性从句的关联词：连词三个、连接代词五对和连接副词四个引导名词性从句的关联词：连词三个、连接代词五对和连接副词四个 从句类型从句类型连词连词主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句动词宾语动词宾语介词宾语介词宾语形容词宾语形容词宾语that *if *whether*连接代词连接代词what等等*连接副词连接副词when等等*wh-+ever*because,as,as if,as though 也可以引导表语从句。 1、宾语从句、宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾

4、语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有从句词有连词连词that，if，whether；连接代词连接代词who（ever)，whose，what(ever)，which(ever)；连接副词连接副词when，where，how， why等。等。The Object Clausee.g. 1) I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields of science.2) I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies

5、she had delivered.3) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to?4) He asked whose car it was.5) Pay attention to what the doctor said.6) Please tell me when the earthquake took place.7) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?The Object Clause做动词的宾语做动词的宾语 (1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后： e.g

6、. He doesnt know where the post office is. (2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语：有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语： e.g. He told me what I should read(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语语 it 而将从句放到补足语后面；而将从句放到补足语后面； e.g. I thought it strange that he failed to call me 我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。 (1)一般情况下介词后只能接一般情况下介词后只能接wh-类连接词引导

7、的宾语从类连接词引导的宾语从句句;e.g. Did she say anything about how we should do the work?(2) that引导的宾语从句只有在引导的宾语从句只有在except, in, but, besides等少等少数介词后偶尔可能用到。此时数介词后偶尔可能用到。此时that 不可省略。不可省略。 e.g. Your article is all right except that it is too long (3)有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语 it; e.g. Ill see to it that

8、 everything is ready 做介词的宾语做介词的宾语注意事项（时态呼应）从句时态 主句时态现在时/将来时相应任何时态过去时相应过去任何时态（但客观真理和自然规律的内容时态不变，仍用一般现在时）注意：注意： 1) 在非正式文体中，若在非正式文体中，若that 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句较短，较短，that 一般可省略。一般可省略。 如：如：He said (that）all the students should help each other. 但当但当that 从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或者与从句主语之间有插入语时，或者与从句主语之间有插入语

9、时，that 不可不可省略。省略。 如：如：He announced, believe it or not, that he would never forgive her. 2) 当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that从句不可省略。 如：Everyone could see what was happening and that she was really worried. 3) 句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that, 也不能省略第二个that. 如：I believe (that) youve done your best and that t

10、hings will improve.The Predicative Clause1. that 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。进一步解释的作用。e.g. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.2. whether 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 连接词连接词whether起连接作用，起连接作用， 意为意为“是否、

11、究竟、到是否、究竟、到底底”（注意：（注意：if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句) 在句中也不作任何在句中也不作任何成分。成分。e.g. The question is whether that man will turn up in time.2. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。在复合句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。3. what, which, who, whom, whose引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 连接代词连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、

12、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。语，且各有各的词义。e.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.4. where, when, why, how引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 连接副词连接副词where, when, why,

13、how除在句中起连接作用除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。本身具有词义。e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.5. 其他连词其他连词as if, because, as, as

14、 though 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 because引导表语从句通常只用于引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”结构中。结构中。 as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。的动作或状态。e.g. It sounds as if/though somebody were knocking at the door. My anger is because you havent writ

15、ten to me for a long time.1.Please tell me you will go to the lecture tomorrow.2. It all depends on the sky will clear up.3. The question is the film is well worth seeing.4. he will be well tomorrow I am not sure.5. it is true remains a problem.关联词比较whether / ifwhether / ifwhetherwhetherWhetherWheth

16、erA. 引导宾语从句时可互换.B. 位于介词后要用whether.C. 位于句首时要用whether.D. 引导表语从句, 主语从句, 同位语从句时, 要用 whether.E. 后+to do 时用whetherF. 后+or not 时用whether 1. I think it is unnecessary for me to speak louder. 2. His mother is satisfied with he has done. 3. he was able to come made us happy. 4. This is _ makes us interested.

17、5. The reason was_ Tod had never seen the million pound note before.what / that(that)whatThatwhatthat所引导的从句是否缺(主语, 表语,宾语)汉语意义能否省略what 缺什么; 所.的(东西/事情)不能省略that不缺无意义引导宾语从句时可省略. who / whoever1.The competition is coming. will attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.2. I believe takes part in the compet

18、ition will try his best. what / whatever3. Can you tell me you d like to order?4. happens, dont be surprised.5.All the food here is delicious. Just order you like.whowhoeverwhatWhateverwhatever名词从句让步状语从句who 表 “谁” /whoever表“.” 的任何人表” 不论谁”what 表“什么” “所.的东西” /whatever表“.的任何东西”“无论什么”单项选择 1.I dont know_

19、we can live on the island without any food.A.where B what C how D that2.Could you tell me _?A Where is the part ? B Whos on duty ?C Whose book is this ? D What are they doing ?3 The teacher told us that the earth _around the sun.A moved B moves C move D moving4.Could you tell me _?A if he would come

20、 tomorrowB will he come tomorrowC whether he will come tomorrowD If he comes tomorrow5.I did nt know that Mr. Smith _yet.A. Has returned B has returned C had returned D returned BBCCC6.Go and get your coat.Its_you left it. A.there B.where C.there were D.where there 7.The problem is_ he has enough ti

21、me. A.if B.whether C./ D.that 8.I remember_ this used to be a quiet village. A.how B.when C.where D.what 9.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants. A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whereverBBBBPractice choosing ( 10m ) 1.We wonder how we shall do next.2.Could you tell me

22、 where are they having a picnic?3. We believe that they have finished their task, dont we ?4.I am sorry that I dont know you wanted to take part in the competition.5.Mr li seems that he is very expert at repairing at computers.whathavent theydidntthey areas if 6. It is suggested that we _ to the par

23、k later. A. will go B. went C. go D. has gone 7. He didnt say _ or not he would be staying here. A. that B. if C. weather D. whether 8. He doesnt know _ to go to Beijing or not. A. that B. if C. whether D. if / whether9 Did she say anything about _we could pass the exam? A. that B. if C. whether D.

24、if / whether高考链接1.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_ . (2003北京春季北京春季)A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited A解析解析： 这是由这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为使我感到兴奋的事。故

25、答案为A。2.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that_ you had a few days off? (NMET1999)A.why B.when C.what D.where 解析解析:这是一个由这是一个由why引导的表语从句引导的表语从句,表表示原因示原因.这句话的意思是这句话的意思是这就是你离开这就是你离开的原因吗的原因吗?。故答案为。故答案为A。A3.Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well. ( 2002

26、上海春季上海春季) A. what B. that C. which D. why 解析解析:what在表语从句中作在表语从句中作takes的宾语的宾语,构成构成It takes sth. to do sth.的句型。答案为的句型。答案为A。A4.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants . (2002上海春季上海春季) A.what B.which C.when D.that 解析解析:这是一个宾

27、语从句这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾后面缺少宾语语,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语是一句谚语,意思是意思是永远给予他人他确实永远给予他人他确实想要的东西想要的东西。故答案为。故答案为A。AGrammar3. To find your way can be a problem. 2. Smoking is bad for you.1. You are a student.4. “How do you do?” is a greeting.5 .What she said is not yet known.6. That

28、we shall be late is certain.7. It is certain that we shall be late.Subject（主语）（主语）1. _ will win the gold medal remains to be seen.2. _ wants to ask questions is welcome any time.3. The manager decided to offer the job to _ he believed had a strong sense of duty.Whoever4. _ you choose as your wife ha

29、s nothing to do with me.5. _ breaks the law should be punished.6. There is no doubt that anyone _ doesnt give in to difficulties will be successful at last. he became a great scientist is known to us all.Is what you told me really true?谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数从句用陈述语序从句用陈述语序不能省略关联词不能省略关联词How在主语从句中，谓语一般用在主语从句中，

30、谓语一般用。1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided.2.You have made a mistake is a fact.3.That is certain that we can win.4.No matter who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.5.If the policemen will come is not certain.we shallThat you haveIt isWhoeverwhether改错练习改错练习1. Who we should i

31、nvite to open the conference is a question.2. Whether it should last two days or three days doesnt matter.3. Whoever wants the book may have it.4. How many people will attend the conference has not been decided.5. Which team will win the football match is still unknown.6. It is uncertain when we sho

32、uld hold the conference, in May or June.7. Why so many people are interested in basketball is what we want to know.8. That there is life on another planet is almost impossible.9. It is still unknown who will be sent to the States.10. What make my life colorful in the school are my good friends and k

33、ind teachers.whether / that / who / which / when / why /what / how / whoever e.g.The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting. The thought was exciting.They could cross the whole continent. 同位语从句同位语从句 1. 概念概念: 在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。句。 2. 功能功能: 同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名同位语

34、从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的引导同位语从句的 that 在从句中不充在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何具体意思，一般不当任何成分，无任何具体意思，一般不省略。省略。that 引导同位语从句引导同位语从句e.g.(1) The news that our team won the first prize excited all of us.我们队得了第一名，这消息使我们都很我们队得了第一名，这消息使我们都很兴奋。兴奋。2. The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their p

35、arents and teachers a lot.3. We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.4. Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.5. The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many pe

36、ople, especially kids in school.1. I have no idea how he did it.2. You have no idea how worried I was. 3. He often asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. 状语状语除除 that外，外， 其余连词在从句中都具其余连词在从句中都具有各自的意义或成分。有各自的意义或成分。注意啦！注意啦！!状语状语是否是否3.抽象名词抽象名词: 常跟的抽象名词有常跟的抽象名词有: 4. 连词连词: 常用的连词有：常用的连词有： fa

37、ct, idea, reason, thought, order, doubt, news, hope, truth, belief , suggestion, advice, view, promise, request, proposal提提议议/建议建议, demand, question等等抽象名词抽象名词that, whether, who, which, what , when , where, why, how大家注意啦！同位语从句与定语从句区别同位语从句与定语从句区别: He told me the news that he would come home from aboar

38、d soon. Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了。据说他已经出国了。 Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了我们的队赢了, 这让我们很高兴。这让我们很高兴。 (定语从句定语从句) ( (同位语从句同位语从句) )辨析：辨析： 定语从句是定语从句是从句对其先行词或前面从句对其先行词或前面整个句子的整个句子的修饰或限制修饰或限制, ,属于形容词性属于形容词性从句的范畴从句的范畴; ; 而而同位语从句同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名是从句对前面抽象名词的词的进一步的说明和

39、解释进一步的说明和解释, ,属于名词性属于名词性从句的范畴，如从句的范畴，如: : The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。 (同位语从句同位语从句, 补充说明补充说明news到底是一个什到底是一个什么消息么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。 (定语从句定语从句, news在从句中作在从句中作told的宾语的宾语) 辨辨析：析： They expre

40、ssed the hope that they would come to visit China again. The hope ( that ) she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.Lets have a try at once同位语从句同位语从句：they would come to visit China 对对hope 进行进行具体的说明具体的说明。定语从句定语从句： hope 充当充当express的的宾语宾语。 有些词如有些词如 可以引可以引导同位语从句导同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。但不能引导定

41、语从句。 如如: That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。 (同位语从句同位语从句) whether, how, what 引导词引导词that引导定语从句时引导定语从句时, 在从句中一在从句中一般作般作主语主语或或宾语宾语 (指物时还可以用指物时还可以用which代替代替), 并且作宾语时常常省略；并且作宾语时常常省略； that在同位语从句中仅起在同位语从句中仅起连接连接作用作用, 不充不充当任何成分当任何成分, 并且不能省略并且不能省略, 也不能

42、用也不能用which来代替，如来代替，如: 一起小结一起小结that： The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。小组的命令昨天收到了。 (同位语从句同位语从句, 是对是对order的具体解的具体解释释, that虽不作成分虽不作成分, 但不能省略但不能省略) The order that we received yesterday was that we should sen

43、d a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。人去帮助别的几个小组。 (定语从句定语从句, 是名词是名词order的修饰语的修饰语, that在从句中作在从句中作received的宾语的宾语, 可以省略可以省略) 判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有定语从句。含有定语从句。 The news that we had successfully sent up another communication satellite spread th

44、roughout the world. Thats the best piece of news Ive heard.同同定定Try again, please. The possibility that you referred to doesnt exist at all. There is a strong possibility that we may be in France for the next week.同同定定I. 在空格处填上适当的词，使下列定语从句和同位语在空格处填上适当的词，使下列定语从句和同位语从句完整。从句完整。1. The news was very excit

45、ing _ our class had won the football match.2. This is the mountain village _ I stayed last year.3. The person to _ you spoke is a famous actor. where that whom 4. They are familiar with the opinion _ all matter consists of atoms. 5. The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.that(that)6. This is our only request _ this (should) be settled as soon as possible.7. All agreed to his su