北邮数电综合实验报告.

1、数字电路与逻辑设计实验 题目: 简易出租车计价器 学号： 姓名： 班级： 学院： 时间：2013/11/4一 设计课题的任务要求设计一台出租车计价器，不同情况具有不同的收费标准。基本要求：1、行驶公里： 用时钟 2 秒钟表示出租车匀速行驶1 公里，在行车5 公里以内，按起步价13 元收费，超过5 公里部分，以每公里2 元收费。燃油附加费为每运次1 元。2、途中等待：用按键控制中途等待，等待少于（包括）5 秒不收费，超过5 秒后每等待3 秒钟加收1 元。3、用数码管分时显示计费金额、行驶里程和等候时间。字母A 表示当前处于显示计费金额状态，字母B 表示当前处于显示行驶里程状态，字母C 表示当前处

2、于显示等候时间状态。4、用按键控制出租车空驶、载客状态并用点阵显示空驶、载客状态。二、系统设计（包括设计思路、总体框图、分块设计）1、设计思路： 将整个计价器分为控制和计费模块，按键及防抖模块，数码管显示模块，点阵显示模块。其中控制和计费模块作为系统核心，负责给出所有控制和对外显示信号。按键及防抖模块提供输入按键信号，用于状态间切换。数码管用于显示计费金额、里程和等待时间信息。点阵模块用于显示出租车载客和空驶状态。2、设计框图：3、分块设计控制和计费模块：采用状态机的设计方式，根据计费计时方式的不同，分为了S0、S1、S2、S3四个状态，四个状态的含义和状态转移图如图所示：S0等待开始S1行驶

3、S2等待S3停车付费按键防抖模块：如图：按键防抖模块的原理是利用信号延迟，每个防抖模块都有一个输入时钟，每按下一次按键后输出端将产生一个输入时钟宽度的脉冲，输入时钟频率与主控模块中的状态切换扫描时钟频率相同，使状态能够及时的切换。点阵显示模块：点阵模块主要用于显示出租车的空载和载客状态。空载时显示汉字“空”，载客时显示标志“X”。输出信号lie和com分别连接到点阵控制的行和列。En是由计费控制模块给出的空载/载客信号。数码管显示模块数码管主要用于显示计费、里程、等待时间信息。clk_shu连接1kHz时钟扫描信号,s0s6用于接收计费控制模块输出的各个数码管显示的数字。Weixuan和dua

4、nxuan控制数码管的位选和段选信号。时钟分频模块将50MHz片上时钟分频为1Hz、1kHz、200Hz时钟信号，其中1Hz用于计费和计时。200Hz用于按键防抖和状态切换。1kHz用于数码管和点阵的扫描。三、仿真波形及波形分析数码管显示模块：下图是固定s0s6为数字951413后的仿真波形，由于S1位在程序中没有用到，于是将其始终置为高电平（灭），实际输出应为9 1413。如图所示：weixuan信号每隔6个时钟周期扫描一次，扫描频率为166Hz足以使人眼产生连续显示的感觉。观察duanxuan信号，在圆圈处应显示数字“1”，duanxuan为0000110正是“1”的段选码。说明数码管能将

5、s0s6传输的数字正确的显示。按键防抖模块如图，keyin输入一个持续时间约为0.1s的按键信号并用高频时钟模拟抖动，keyout输出一个时钟周期（5ms）的高电平。时钟分频模块：由于分频比例太高，仿真到1s需要花费大量时间，故只仿真到20ms，观察1kHz和200Hz信号如下：点阵显示模块：将en置高电平，输出应为X，如图，显示正确。计费计时模块：等待模式：如图在2S和3S间分别按start-stop和pause进入s2模式，初始计费为14（起步费+燃油费），2s（即等待3s）后计费变为15。而在切换至s1后outen信号置高电平使点阵显示“X”。结束和清零：如图，再次按Start-stop

6、后停止计费，按clear后计时计费清零行驶状态：5s内为14元，之后每2s 加2元，计费正常。四、源程序计费和控制模块：Mytaxi.vhdlibrary IEEE;use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;entity mytaxi isport ( signal clk1k,clk1,clk5ms:in std_logic; -频率为1kHz，1Hz,5ms的信号 start_stop:in std_logic; -开始-结束信号 pause:in std

7、_logic; -等待-重新行驶信号 clear:in std_logic; -清零信号 t0:out integer range 0 to 13; -与数码管连接 t1:out integer range 0 to 13; t2:out integer range 0 to 9; t3:out integer range 0 to 9; t4:out integer range 0 to 9; t5:out integer range 0 to 9; outen:out std_logic);-点阵控制信号 end mytaxi; architecture behav of mytaxi i

8、ssignal sec1:integer range 0 to 5; -秒计数十位signal sec0:integer range 0 to 9; -秒计数个位signal m1:integer range 0 to 5; -分的十位计数器signal m0:integer range 0 to 9; -分的个位计数器signal c2,c1,c0:integer range 0 to 9; -费用计数器signal k2,k1,k0:integer range 0 to 9; -公里计数器signal v:integer range 0 to 5:=1; -车速signal fei:int

9、eger range 0 to 999;-费用计数器signal bai,shi,ge:integer range 0 to 9; -费用计数百位，十位，个位type state_type is (s0, s1, s2, s3); -状态列表signal state : state_type;beginprocess(clk5ms,start_stop,pause,clear) -状态切换进程begin if clear= '1' then state <= s0; elsif (rising_edge(clk5ms) thencase state iswhen s0=&

10、gt;if start_stop = '1' thenstate <= s1;else state <= s0;end if;when s1=> if start_stop='1' then state <= s3;elsif pause = '1' thenstate <= s2;elsestate <= s1;end if;when s2=>if start_stop = '1' thenstate <= s3;elsif pause = '1' thenstat

11、e <= s1;elsestate <= s2;end if;when s3=> if clear= '1' thenstate <= s0;elsestate <= s3;end if;end case;end if;end process;jishi:process(clk1) -计时，计费进程variable cntk:integer range 0 to 5;variable cntf1:integer range 0 to 5;variable cntf11:integer range 0 to 5;variable cntf2:inte

12、ger range 0 to 5;variable cntf22:integer range 0 to 2;variable cntx:integer range 0 to 6:=0;begin if clk1'event and clk1='1' then case state is when s2=> -等待模式 outen<='1' -点阵显示载客 if cntf2>4 then -等待超过5s进行计费if cntf22=2 then cntf22:=0; -每3s加1元fei<=fei+1; else cntf22:=cn

13、tf22+1;end if;else cntf2 :=cntf2+1;end if; if sec0=9 then sec0<=0; -此语句完成秒计数 if sec1=6 then sec1<=0; if m0=9 then m0<=0; -此语句完成分计数 if m1<=6 then m1<=0; else m1<=m1+1; end if; else m0<=m0+1; end if; else sec1<=sec1+1; end if; else sec0<=sec0+1;end if; bai<=fei/100; -将费用重

14、新计算成三位便于显示 shi<=(fei/10) mod 10; ge<=fei mod 10; when s1=> -行驶模式 outen<='1'-点阵显示载客 if cntk=v then cntk:=0; -2s一公里 if k0=9 then k0<=0; if k1=9 then k1<=0;if k2=9 then k2<=0; -公里计数else k2<=k2+1;end if;else k1<=k1+1;end if; else k0<=k0+1;fei<=fei+2; -每公里2元 end i

15、f; else cntk:=cntk+1; end if; if cntf1=v then cntf1:=0;if cntf11>4 then fei<=fei+2; -超过5公里开始计费else cntf11:=cntf11+1;end if; else cntf1:=cntf1+1; end if; bai<=fei/100; shi<=(fei/10) mod 10; ge<=fei mod 10; when s0=> -按下clear后各项数字清零 outen<='0' cntf1:=0;cntf11:=0;cntf2:=0;c

16、ntf22:=0;cntk:=0; fei<=14; bai<=0;shi<=0;ge<=0; sec1<=0;sec0<=0; m1<=0;m0<=0;k1<=0;k0<=0;k2<=0; when s3=> outen<='0' end case;if cntx=6 then cntx:=0;else cntx:=cntx+1;end if;case cntx is -数码管分时显示when 2=>t0<=10;t1<=0;t2<=0;t3<=bai;t4<=s

17、hi;t5<=ge;when 4=>t0<=11;t1<=0;t2<=0;t3<=k2;t4<=k1;t5<=k0;when 6=>t0<=12;t1<=0;t2<=m1;t3<=m0;t4<=sec1;t5<=sec0;when others=>t1<=0;end case; end if;end process jishi;end;数码管：shumaguan.vhdLIBRARY IEEE;USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNS

18、IGNED.ALL;ENTITY shumaguan IS PORT(clk_shu:IN STD_LOGIC; -BUTTON:IN STD_LOGIC; s0:in integer range 0 to 13; -各个数码管的数字 s1:in integer range 0 to 13; s2:in integer range 0 to 9; s3:in integer range 0 to 9; s4:in integer range 0 to 9; s5:in integer range 0 to 9; weixuan:OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(5 downto 0);

19、-位选 duanxuan:OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(6 downto 0)段选 );END shumaguan;ARCHITECTURE ACE OF shumaguan ISSIGNAL CNT6:INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 5;SIGNAL C:integer range 0 to 13;BEGINP1:process(CNT6) BEGIN CASE CNT6 IS -位选扫描 WHEN 0 => weixuan <= "111110" ; WHEN 1 => weixuan<= "111111"

20、; WHEN 2 => weixuan<= "111011" ; WHEN 3 => weixuan<= "110111" ; WHEN 4 => weixuan<= "101111" ; WHEN 5 => weixuan<= "011111" ; WHEN OTHERS => NULL; END CASE ;END PROCESS P1;P2:process(clk_shu)BEGIN IF clk_shu'EVENT AND clk_shu= &#

21、39;1' THEN -实现模6计数器if CNT6= 5 then CNT6<= 0; else CNT6<=CNT6 + 1; end if; END IF; END PROCESS P2;P3:process(CNT6)begincase CNT6 iswhen 0=>C<=s0; -扫描到的数码管赋值when 1=>C<=s1;when 2=>C<=s2;when 3=>C<=s3;when 4=>C<=s4;when 5=>C<=s5;end case;end process P3;P4:pr

22、ocess(C)BEGIN CASE C IS -段选赋值 WHEN 0=> duanxuan<= "1111110" WHEN 1=> duanxuan <= "0110000" WHEN 2=> duanxuan <= "1101101" WHEN 3=> duanxuan <= "1111001" WHEN 4=> duanxuan <= "0110011" WHEN 5=> duanxuan <= "101

23、1011" WHEN 6=> duanxuan <= "1011111" WHEN 7=> duanxuan <= "1110000" WHEN 8=> duanxuan <= "1111111" WHEN 9=> duanxuan <= "1111011" WHEN 10=> duanxuan <= "1110111" WHEN 11=> duanxuan <= "0011111" WHEN

24、12=> duanxuan <= "0001101" WHEN OTHERS =>NULL ; END CASE ;END PROCESS P4; END ACE;分频：div50m.vhdlibrary ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity div50m isport(clk_in : in std_logic; clk_out_1hz : out std_logic; clk_out_5ms : out std_logic; clk_out_1kh

25、z : out std_logic );end;architecture a of div50m issignal cnt : integer range 0 to 24999; signal cnt1: integer range 0 to 999; signal cnt2: integer range 0 to 5;signal clk_tmp1k : std_logic;signal clk_tmp1: std_logic;signal clk_tmp5ms: std_logic;beginprocess(clk_in)beginif (clk_in'event and clk_

26、in='1') then-分频到1kHzif cnt=24999 thencnt<=0;clk_tmp1k<= not clk_tmp1k;elsecnt<=cnt+1;end if;end if;end process;process(clk_tmp1k) -分频到1Hzbeginif (clk_tmp1k'event and clk_tmp1k='1') thenif cnt1=499 thencnt1<=0;clk_tmp1<= not clk_tmp1;elsecnt1<=cnt1+1;end if;end i

27、f;end process;process(clk_tmp1k) -分频到5msbeginif (clk_tmp1k'event and clk_tmp1k='1') thenif cnt2=4 thencnt2<=0;clk_tmp5ms<= not clk_tmp5ms;elsecnt2<=cnt2+1;end if;end if;end process;clk_out_1khz<=clk_tmp1k;clk_out_1hz<=clk_tmp1; clk_out_5ms<=clk_tmp5ms;end;防抖模块：fangdou.v

28、hdlibrary ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;entity fangdou isport(keyin,clk_fd:in std_logic;keyout:out std_logic);end;architecture b of fangdou issignal key_tmp0,key_tmp1,key_tmp2,key_tmp3:std_logic;begin process(clk_fd) begin if (clk_fd'event and clk_fd='1') then key_tmp0 <= keyin; ke

29、y_tmp1 <= key_tmp0; end if; end process;-利用信号赋值延时将前后信号相与完成防抖key_tmp2 <= key_tmp0 and key_tmp1; process( clk_fd ) begin if (clk_fd'event and clk_fd='1') then key_tmp3 <= key_tmp2; keyout <= not( key_tmp2 ) and key_tmp3; end if; end process; end; -时钟上升沿输出一个时钟周期宽度的脉冲点阵模块：peng.vh

30、dlibrary ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_Unsigned.all;use ieee.std_logic_ARITH.all;ENTITY peng isport(clkpeng,en:in std_logic; lie:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0); -列 com:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);-行End peng;Architecture a of peng issignal st1:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0)

31、;signal data:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);signal d0,d1,d2,d3,d4,d5,d6,d7:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);signal e0,e1,e2,e3,e4,e5,e6,e7:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);-signal lie0,lie1,lie2,lie3,lie4,lie5,lie6,lie7:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);Begincom<=data;lie<=st1;d0<="00110000"-汉字“

32、空”d1<="01011001"d2<="01111001"d3<="11001111"d4<="11001111"d5<="01111001"d6<="01111001"d7<="00110000"e0<="10000001"-符号“X”e1<="01000010"e2<="00100100"e3<="00011000&

33、quot;e4<="00011000"e5<="00100100"e6<="01000010"e7<="10000001"second:process(clkpeng)begin if(clkpeng='1' and clkpeng'event )then逐行扫描，下同if en='0' thenif st1(7 downto 0)="00000000"or st1(7 downto 0)="01111111"t

34、hen st1(7 downto 0)<="11111110"data<=d0;elsif st1(7 downto 0)="11111110"then st1(7 downto 0)<="11111101"data<=d1;elsif st1(7 downto 0)="11111101"then st1(7 downto 0)<="11111011"data<=d2;elsif st1(7 downto 0)="11111011"then

35、 st1(7 downto 0)<="11110111"data<=d3;elsif st1(7 downto 0)="11110111"then st1(7 downto 0)<="11101111"data<=d4;elsif st1(7 downto 0)="11101111"then st1(7 downto 0)<="11011111"data<=d5;elsif st1(7 downto 0)="11011111"thenst1

36、(7 downto 0)<="10111111"data<=d6;elsif st1(7 downto 0)="10111111"thenst1(7 downto 0)<="01111111"data<=d7;end if;elseif st1(7 downto 0)="00000000"or st1(7 downto 0)="01111111"then st1(7 downto 0)<="11111110"data<=e0;elsif st1(7 downto 0)="11111110"then st1(7 downto 0)<="11111101"data<=e1;elsif st1(7 downto 0)="11111101"then st1(7 downto 0)<="11111011"data<=e2;elsif st1(7 downto 0)="11111011"then st1(7 downto 0)<="11110111"data<=e3;elsif s