初中英语名词专项讲解

1、.名词一导入：有一天， 一只老钟对一只小钟说：“你一年里要摆525600 下啦。 ” 小钟吓坏了， 说“哇，这么多，这怎么可能？！我怎么能完成那么多下呢！” 这时候，另一只老钟笑着说：“不用怕，你只需一秒钟摆一下，每一秒坚持下来就可以了。”小钟高兴了，想着：一秒钟摆一下好像并不难啊，试试看吧。果然，很轻松地就摆了一下。不知不觉一年过去了，小钟已经摆了525600 下！很简单的故事，却寓意着深刻的道理，当我们面对大困难的时候，往往望而怯步，孰不知只要根据实际，分期制定小目标，一一完成就行了。二 专题讲解：掌握要点：名词的分类（专有名词和普通名词）名词的数1）区分可数名词和不可数名词，区分方法2）

2、可数名词的复数变化，分为规则变化及不规则变化名词所有格 含义、构成 两种形式： s所有格及 of 所有格知识点：一、名词的分类1.专有名词：名字 (人名、地名、书名、机构名 )、与国家有关的 (国家、国民、语言 )、日期（节日、星期、月份）例句： My name is Lucy . I am a Chinese . I will go tothe Great Wallon Monday .2.普通名词 : 包括可数名词和不可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物例 : sister、 table、 bike、window可数名词集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例: family 、police 、 cl

3、ass、 group物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例 : water、 air、 wood不可数名词抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例 : danger、 interest区分方法：将物体分成两半，如果每半不能叫原名，则为可数名词，如果还可叫原名，则为不可数名词。注：有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，例：glass 作玻璃杯时可数，作玻璃时不可数。身兼二职的名词对照表glassfishchickentime可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次、倍不可数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间orangelightpaperhair可数橘子电灯报纸 /试卷（几根）头发不可数橘汁光纸头发exerciseidealifewor

4、k;.可数练习题主意 /意见生命著作不可数锻炼了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可数火鸡收音机青年人经历不可数火鸡肉无线电年轻、青春经验interestroom可数爱好房间不可数兴趣空间【注意】（ 1）family, class 等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调其家庭 /族成员或班级成员时视为复数；（ 2）部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念：police 指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数。The police( 主语 )+谓语动词复数people 指人们、人民，本身表示复数。(The) people+谓语动词复数people 指民族，有单、复数变化e.g. f

5、ifty-six peoples五十六个民族二、名词的单复数形式(1) 规则变化：名词的复数构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s 或 -es1、 一般情况在词尾直接加s , 例 bags。2、 以 s、 x、 sh、ch 结尾的词加 -es，例 bus-buses box-boxes。3、 以 “辅音字母 +y ”结尾的词， y 变成 i 加 -es 例 city-cities ；以 “元音字母 +y ”结尾的词，直接加s。4、以 o 结尾的除potato(马铃薯 )、 tomato(西红柿 )、 hero(英雄 )加 es，其余直接加s。5、以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f 或 fe 为 v

6、 加 es, roof 、 proof 直接加 -s，例 life-lives wife-wives roofroofs。(2) 不规则变化1、单词拼写发生变化man-men woman-womenpoliceman-policemenfoot-feettooth-teeth mouse-micechild-children2、某国人变复数，口诀： 中日不变英法变，其余s 加后面例： an Englishman-Englishmenan American-Americans3、单复数形式相同常用分以下几类：表示动物的名词deer鹿， fish 鱼， sheep 绵羊， bison野牛， cra

7、b 螃蟹表示人的名词Chinese 中国人， Japanese日本人， Swiss 瑞士人， kin 亲属craft 及由 -craft构成的名词craft飞机， aircraft 飞机，spacecraft太空船表示数量的名词Hundred 百，thousand 千，million 百万， dozen 一打， score二十其他series系列； species 种类； means 方法;.(3) 不可数名词一般只用单数，它不能与a/an 及数次搭配使用。表示数量时用量词搭配。例： a cup of coffee( 一杯咖啡 )two glasses of milk( 两杯牛奶 )three

8、 pieces of paper(三张纸 )four bottles of water( 四杯水 )三、名词所有格含义： 名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。表示形式： 一种是 s所有格，一种是of 所有格Beijing is China s capital.= Beijing is the captital of China.This is Tom s bike = This is the bike of Tom.Lily is the key s owner.= Lily is the owner of the key.1、s所有格构成单数名词及不以s 结尾的复数名词，只需在词尾加s，如 L

9、ucys pen路西的钢笔Children s Day（儿童节）；以 s 结尾的复数名词，只加, 如 the students books学生们的书。2、几个人共有的东西，只需在最后一个人的名词后加 s,如 Lucy and Lily s bedroom(露西和莉莉的卧室 )。表示各自所有，则每个名词都加s,如 Lucys and Lilys desks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子)。3.of 所有格：1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。the map of Chinathe door of the room2).双重所有格：of + 名词所有格of +名词性的物住代词He is a frie

10、nd of my _(brother ) .Is she a daughter of _(you)?典型例题讲解1.They got much _ from those new books.A. ideasB. photosC. newsD. stories2.I have two _ and three bottles of _ here.A. orange, orangeB. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orangeD. orange, oranges3.Every evening M r. King takes a _ tohis home .A. 25 mi

11、nut es walkB. 25 minute s walkC. 25 minute walkD. 25 minutes walk4.An old _ wants to see you.A. peopleB. personC. the peopleD. the person5.Help yourself to _.A. chickens and applesB. chickens and appleC. chicken and appleD. chicken and apples6.Oh, dear. I forgot the two _.A. room s numberB. rooms nu

12、mberC. room numbersD. rooms numbers;.7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _.A. familyB. houseC. homeD. room8. _ mothers couldn t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and Peter sB. Mary and PeterC. Mary s and PeterD. Mary s and Peters9. Li

13、Lei has been to _ many times this month.A. her uncleB. her uncle s C. her unclesD. aunt s10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn t _ in teaching.A. many experiencesB. much experienceC. an experienceD. a lot experience11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago.A. youB. yourC. your sisterD. you

14、r sisters12. A group of _ are talking with two _.A. Frenchmen, GermansB. Germans ,FrenchmansC. Frenchmans , GermenD. Germen , Frenchmen13.The team _having a meeting .A. isB. areC. amD. be14.“ Would you like _?“”, please.”A. drink, Three coffeesB. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffeeD. a drink

15、, Three cups of coffees15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men.A.earth and stone, millions ofB. earths and stones, millionsC. the earth and stone, million ofD. the earths and stones, millions三巩固训练：1. This is _ reading-room.A. the teacherBs. teacherCs. teacher

16、Ds. the teachers2. Nothing was found but _ broken.A. the room windowB. the room s window C. the room of the windowD. the window of room3. How many_ would you like?A. paperB. breadC. pieces of papersD. pieces of bread4. He was praised for his _.A. braveB. braveryC. bravelyD. great brave5. Please get

17、me a new _ when you go to town.A. clothesB. dressC. clothing D. trousers6. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A. womanB. women C. woman s D. womens7. Some_ are even thinner than your little finger.A. bambooB. bamboos C. kinds of bambooD. kinds of bamboos8. He was born in this town and now he live

18、s in _.A. Building secondB. Building Two C. the Building TwoD. Building the Second;.9. Old as he is, he has _to do every day.A. a lot of workB. much worksC. lots of homeworksD. quite a lot of homeworks10. Jack s room is furnished with _.A. new furnituresB. many new furnituresC. many new pieces of fu

19、rnituresD. many new pieces of furniture11. Have you read _newspaper yet?A. today sB. TodaysC. the today sD. your todays12. It s not far, only _walk from here to our school.A. a ten minutesB. ten minutesC. a ten minutesD. ten minutes13. Last month, he wrote me _letter.A. a 1000-wordB. 1000 wordsC. a

20、1000-wordsD. 1000 words14. He had a _sleep yesterday.A. a good nightB. a good-nightC. a good night sD. good -night s15. _is not a long way to drive.A. Three miles distanceB. Three-mile distanceC. Three miles distance D. A three-mile-distance16. His isn t fit for the work. Please get me _.A. somethin

21、g elseB. somebody elseC. someone else sD. somebody s else17. Do you know how large _ is?A. population of ChinaB. Chinese populationC. China populationD. China s population18. _ is too much for the boy to carry.A. The box weightB. The box s weightC. The weight of the boxD. The box of the weight19. Ex

22、cuse me, how can I get to the nearest _ shop?A. shoesB. shoeC. shoesD. shoe s20.What _ weather we re having these days!A. niceB. a niceC. a badD. worse21. They say that the meeting will be _.A. of very importantB. great importanceC. of great importanceD. great important22. I m going to call at _ thi

23、s evening.A. Mr BlackB. the BlacksC. Mr Black sD. Blacks;.23.What Darwin said was an attack on people s religious _.A. beliefB. beliefsC. beliefsD. believs24. There are some _waiting for you outside.A. GermanB. AmericanC. grown-upD. Japanese25. Their factory has developed a kind of _ to help people

24、walk.A. machineB. machinesC. a machineD. the machine26.There re many _ in my brother s album.A. leafsB. toysC. booksD. stamps27. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of _.A. tomatoesB. potatosC. vegetableD. meats28. Upon hearing what I said, his _ rose.A. angerB. angryC. angrilyD. a

25、ngriness29. Excuse me, can you change this _ for me?A. five-pound noteB. five pounds noteC. five-pound notesD. five pounds notes30. You have to make _ for your journeyA. preparingB. preparationC. a preparationD. preparations四课堂过手训练：1.We haven't got muchfor our picnic. Will you go and get some?(07)A appleB tomatoC breadD biscuit2.I ve read_sports news about the Fl race today.(05)A twoB pieces C two pieceD two pieces of3.Linda, I've bought many. Now let's make the birthday cake.（ 03）A. fresh eggsB. ch