初中英语语法专项名词

1、.初中英语语法专项名词（讲义）一、名词（ n.） 表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词（一）名词的分类名词分为普通名词和专有名词 ,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词可用作单数，也可用作复数。可数名词包括个体名词（表示一类人或物的个体。如：boy,desk,cat,window ）和集体名词（由若干个体组成的集合体。如：family,class,police ）。不可数名词包括物质名词（表示无法分为个体的实物。如：water,paper,silk,money ）和抽象名词（表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如：work,happiness,music,difficulty,ho

2、usework）专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如：Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States ）（二）名词的数1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种：（ 1）一般情况下,在词尾加s.eg.book-books,dog-dogs,pen-pens,boy-boys（ 2）以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.eg.beach-beaches,brush-brushes,bus-buses,box-boxes（ es 读音为 iz（ 3）以 " 辅

3、音字母 y" 结尾的名词 ,先变 y 为 i,再加 eeg.city-cities,family-families,（注：以 " 元音字母 +y"结尾的词，直接在词尾加）（ 4）以元音字母o 结尾的名词，变复数时情况如下： 加eg.tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes 结 尾 是 两 个 元 音 字 母 的 加s,eg.zoo-zoos,radio-radios某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg. piano-pianos一些名词的缩写形式变复数时，词尾加s, eg.photo （ photograph ） -photos,kilo（kil

4、ogram ） kilos zero 变复数时，既可加 s,也可加 eg.zeros zeroes（ 5）以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时,先把 f 或 fe 变为 v,再加 es.eg.wife-wives,leaf-leaves,half-halves,knife-knives,thief-thieves （ res 读音为 vz妻子骑牛拿起刀,wife-wives; calf-calves; knife-knives;追得贼狼满街跑,thief-thieves; wolf-wolves碰倒架子丧己命,shelf-shelves; self-selves; life-lives手帕树叶

5、半空飘.leaf-leaves half-halves（ 6 ）有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s 或es,而是变换其中的字母。eg.man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,child-children,mouse-mice,Ox-Oxen （公牛）（ 7）还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish works（8）另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数。eg,

6、people,police,trousers,pants,clothes另外 ,当一个名词作定语修饰另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。eg.an apple tree,five apple trees,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister但是，当man 和 woman 作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用其复数形式。eg.two menteachers,three women doctors可用 " 量词 +of+名词复数 "这一结构表示可数名词的数量。eg.a roomOf students,two;.boxes Of penc

7、ils2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，它的" 量" 的表示方式如下。（ 1）表不定数量时 ,一般用 much,（ a）little,a lot of lots of,some,any 等词修饰。（ 2）表确定数量时 ,一般用 "数词 +量词 +of+不可数名词。 如：two three .+量词复数十 of+不可数名词。eg.a bag Of rice,two glasses Of milk,four bottles Of water3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。eg： fruit 水果 -fruits 表示不同种类的水果；food

8、食物 -foods 各种食品； fish 鱼-fishes鱼的种类； drink 饮料、酒 -a drink 一杯一份饮料、 一杯酒； cloth 布 -,a cloth 桌布、 抹布； sand 沙 -sands沙滩； tea 茶 -a tea 一杯茶；chicken 鸡肉 -a chicken 小鸡；orange 橘汁 -an orange 橘子； glass 玻璃 -a glass 玻璃杯 ,glasses眼镜； paper 纸 -a paper 试卷、论文； wood 木头 -awood 小森林； room 空间、余地 -a room 房间（三）名词的所有格（表示人或物的所属关系）（1

9、）有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。不是以 s 结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加's.eg.Mike's watch ； Women's Day以 s 结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加 '。eg.teachers'office,students'rooms两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加's.eg.Tom and Mike's room 汤姆和迈克的房间（表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房）两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加's.eg.Mary's

10、and Jenny's bikes 玛丽和詹妮的自行车（表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车）在表示 "店铺，某某家，诊所"的名词所有格后面，一般省去被修饰的名词。at his brother'sat the doctor'sat the barker'sat Mrread's 用所有格表示时间或距离的方法：ten minutes' drive十分钟车程， a month's holiday一个月的假期用所有格表示节日的方法：Teachers' Day, Children's Day需.要注意的是除了父亲节和母亲

11、节其他节日我们都用名词复数的所有格表示， 因为爸爸妈妈每个人就只有一个所以不用复数， Mother's Day, Father's Day（ 2）无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of 结构 eg.a map of China,the beginning of thisgame,the door of the room（3）特殊形式可用 's 和 of 短语表示的名词所有格eg.the boy's name=the name Of the boy （男孩的名字）the dog's legs=the legs of the dog（狗的腿）China's

12、 population=the population Of China（中国的人口）China's capital=the capital ofChina（中国的首都）双重所有格eg.a fiend of my mother's我妈妈的一个朋友a picture of Tom's 汤姆的一张图片(四 )名词作主语时的主谓一致(1).如主语是单数,后跟 with,together with, as well as,like,but,except等引导的短语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式 .Li Hua with me often goes to the cinema.The w

13、oman with two children is coming here.(2).复数形式单数内容的名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式.;.The news is surprising.Maths is an important subject.(3). 单数形式复数内容的名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式.The police have caught the thief.The people there are very kind.(4).一些集体名词如 family,class,team 等作主语时 ,若强调整体 , 谓语动词用单数形式 , 若强调个体 , 谓语动词用复数形式 .His fa

14、mily is not a large one. 他家不是个大家庭。 Her family are watching TV. 他全家人在看电视。The team is playing very well. 这个队打得很出色。The team are all famous players in our country. 全体队员都是我国有名的运动员。(5).表示时间 ,金钱 ,距离的名词加s 后 ,应视为一个整体,故谓语动词用单数形式.Two hours is enough for us to get thereOne hundred dollars is enough.Five kilomet

15、ers is a long way for the childern.(6).复数名词shoes,trousers,glasses 等由 pair 修饰时 , 谓语动词的单复数形式要由pair 决定 .The pair of shoes looks nice.That two pairs of trousers are both too long.(7)由 and 连接两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,如表示整体概念, 谓语动词用单数形式. 若表示个体概念 , 谓语动词用复数形式 . My old friend and classmate has just come back from abroa

16、d. 我的老校友刚从国外回来 .The singer and dancer is to attend our English evening. 那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加我们的英语晚会 .(8)"The number of + 复数名词 " 作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。"A number of + 复数名词 " 作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。(9)neither.nor ;either.or. ; not only.but also 等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要遵循就近原则。(10)of + 抽象名词=形容词 be of importance=

17、be important2不可数名词 "量 " 的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示"量 " 的概念，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottle Is there any water in theglass？I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ic

18、e（2）用 a piece of 这类定语，例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of breada bottle of orange a glass of water （ milk ） a cup of teaa cup of tea a bag of rice three bags ofrice如果要表示 " 两杯茶 "、 "四张纸 " 这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可数名词也可用a

19、 lot of, lots of, some, any, much 等来修饰。初中英语语法专项习题1-名词1.( ) 1 She was very happy. Shein the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( ) 2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoesD. potatoe( ) 3 _are_

20、for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( ) 4 What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave;.( ) 6 -Can we have some _?-Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C.appl

21、e D. pear2( ) 1 They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories( ) 2 He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news ( ) 4 What_ lovely weat

22、her it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a3( ) 1 -Would you like_tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two

23、pieces of breads( ) 3 It really took him:_ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time ( ) 4 I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks ( ) 5 Can you give me _?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D.

24、 a cup of tea( ) 6 Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of ( ) 7 John bought_for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes4( ) 1 -How many _ have you got on your farm?-I've got five.A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D.chicken

25、( ) 2 Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies( ) 3. A group of_ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian B. Australian C. JapaneseD.American5( ) 1 This table is made of_.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass ( ) 2 -What would you li

26、ke to have for lunch, sir?-I'd like_. !A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken( ) 3 Children should make_ for old people in a bus.A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room6( ) 1 Tables are made of_.A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods ( ) 2 I wonder why _ are so interested in action

27、( 武打片 ) films. A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples( ) 3I have read_ of the young writer.A. works B. work C. this works D. the works7( ) 1 Let's meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of_?A. the People's Park B. the Peoples' Park C. the People Park D. People's Park( ) 2 _ Chines

28、e people are _ hard working people.A. /; a B. We; the C. The; the D. The; a( ) 3 How manywere there in the street when the accident happened?A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples8( ) 1 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller_.A. set B. one C. piece D. pair( ) 2 Last week I bought a TV_.A

29、. pair . B. set C. piece D. block( ) 3 There is a of wood left on the ground.A. cup B. piece , C. box D. pair 9( ) 1 There are sixty-seven_ in our school.A. women's teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher ( ) 2 There are five_in our factory.A. woman driver B, women driver C.

30、 woman drivers D. women drivers;.10( ) 1 They write most of their_ in English.A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters ( ) 2 We came to a _ at last .and went in.A. watch shop B. watches shop ,'C. watching shop D. watchs shop ( ) 3 This shop sells apples, bananas

31、 and things like these. It's a_. A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop( ) 4 She broke a_while she was washing up.A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C. glass wine D. wine glass( ) 5 I've forgotten both of the_.A. room numbers . B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D.room numbe

32、r11.1. September 10th is_in China.A. Teacher's Day B. Teachers'Day C. Teacher Day D. TeachersDay( ) 2 -Is the broom under _ desk? -No, it's under_.A. the teacher's; my B. teacher's; mine C. teacher's; me D. the teacher's; mine( ) 3 Excuse me, where is the_?A. men's ro

33、om B. mens' room C. men's rooms D. men rooms 12( ) 1 The football under the bed is_.A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily's and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy's( ) 2 This is my_dictionary.A. sister Mary B. sister's C. sister, Mary's D. sister's Mary's( ) 3 He w

34、ent to _ shop to buy a shirt.A. a tailor B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors' ( ) 4 Joan is_.A. Mary's and Jack sister B. Mary and Jack's sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Mary's and Jack's sister13( ) 1 In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B.

35、 years' C. year's D.years( ) 2 It's about _ walk from my house.A. ten minute B. ten minutes' C. ten minute's D. ten minutes( ) 3 The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_.A. thirty minutes's walk B. thirty minute's walk C. thirty minutes' walk D. thirty

36、minutes walk( ) 4 Half_ telephone calls are made in English. A. the world B. world C. the world's D. world's 14( ) 1 _ face to the south.A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The room's windows D. The windows in room( ) 2 Please take two_.A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D.picture of a park( ) 3 The workers are repairing_.A. the roof of the house B. a roof of the house C. roof of the house D. th