3.初中英语动词时态归纳总结对照表

1、初中英语动词时态归纳总结对照表用法动词形式（ 以 do 为例 ）常用时间状语例句in the morning/afternoon/惯性的动作性格或能力1. 现在的状态2. 经常性或习3. 主语具备的I/We/You/They do.He/She/It does.morningevery day/morning/Sundayon Sundayalwaysusuallyoftensometimesis twelve.get up at 6:30 every day.likes swimming.1. 过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态I/We did.You did.yesterday(morning

2、/afternoon)last night/Sundayin 1990got up at 6:30 yesterday.反复发生的动作2. 过去经常或He/She/It did.They did.two days agoalwaysusually often sometimesalways went to work by bus last year.I shall do.1. 将来某时间I'm going to do.will go to my home town next要发生的动或 存在的状态反复发生的2. 将来经常或We/You/They/He/She/ It will do.W

3、e/You/They are goingto do.tomorrow (morning/afternoon/evening)next year/month/weekweek.'ll come to see you everySunday.'m going to swim tomorrow动作He/She/It is going toafternoon.do.现在或当前一I'm doing.is watering the flowers.段时间内正在进行或发生的动作He/She/It is doing.We/You/They are doing.nowthey worki

4、ng noware listening to the teacher.或某一段正在过去某一时刻I/He/She/It was doingthis time yesterdaywere reading in class this去 进行的动作.at ten o'clock yesterdaytime yesterday进We/You/They were doingat that timewas drawing a picture when行when he came backthe teacher时came in.已经完成的某现一动作对现在1. 过去发生或alreadyjustbefore

5、n've already posted theeverletter.在 造成的影响或He/She/It has done.for three yearshave known each other for ten完 结果We/You/They have donesince 1990years.成2. 表示过去已.this morninglived here since 1997.时 经开始并持续 到现在的动作these daysyou ever been to Beijing或状态过去 过去某一时间had learned 2000 words by theby the end of I/

6、We/You/He/She/It hadend of lastterm.完 前已经发后的done.when+一般过去时I got out,the bus had already成 动作或状态before+ 一般过去时left.时现现在以前的一在段时间里一直I/We/You/They have beenhave been skating for five完 进行的动作,doing .since nine o clockhours.成 这个运作可能He/She/It has beenfor five hourshas been skating since nine进 仍在进行,也doing .oc

7、lock.行下去时初中英语时态专项练习1 、 一般现在时。通常用 “ usually, often, every day, sometimes一、一般现在时的功能1. 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。3. 表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。二、一般现在时的构成:肯定句 ：1) . 主语+系动词be(is, am, are )+ 名词(形容词，介词短语)2) . 其他主语+动词原形+

8、其它第三人称单数+动词-s+ 其它如： I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。We study English. 我们学习英语。Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。三、一般现在时的变化否定句：1) 主语 + be ( is,am,are ) + not + 其它。如： He is not a worker. 他不是工人。2) 其他主语 +do not(don t) 动词原形+其它I don't like bread第三人称单数+does not(doesn t) 动词原形+其它He doesn't often play.一般疑问句：1)Be( Is,Are )

9、 + 主语+其它如： -Are you a student -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.2)Do 其他主语+动词原形+其它Does+第三人称单数+动词原形+其它+注意：遇I/we you, my your, some any.Does she go to work by bike- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.Do you often play football- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bikeHow does your

10、father go to work2、现在进行时。通常用“ now/look/listen1 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的结构：肯定句： 主语+be( is,am,are ) + 动词现在分词-ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating.否定句：主语+be( is,am,are ) +not + 动词现在分词-ing一般疑问句：Is(Are)+ 主语 +动词现在分词-ing特殊疑问：疑

11、问词 + be + 主语 + 动词 ing3. 动词加 ing 的变化规则1)一般情况下，直接加ing ，如： cook-cooking2) 以不发音的e 结尾，去e 加 ing ，如： make-making, taste-tasting3) 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing ，如： run-running, stop-stopping,swim swimming4) 一般过去时态一般过去时通常用“ a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last ”等。1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时

12、间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn t) are 在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren t)带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are 一样，即否定句在was或 were后加 not ，一般疑问句把was或 were 调到句首。3. 行为动词的一般过去时变化肯定句(Positive )动词过去式I went shopping last night.否定句(Negative)didn t + 动词原形I did

13、n t go shopping last night.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did + 动词原形Did you go shopping last night特殊疑问句(wh-)What did + 动词原形What did you do last night4. 动词过去式的变化：规则动词的变化：一般动词+edplanted,watered,climbed以不发音的e 结尾+dliked辅音字母加y 结尾-y+ iedstudy studied, cry- cried重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个字母 +edstop stoppedplan - planned不规则动词的

14、变化：原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowentkeepkeptthinkthoughtdodidfindfoundsleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaidfeelfeltdrinkdrankis/amwastaketookreadreadgivegaveareweremeanmeantputputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbeginbeganspeakspokemakemadeletletringrangwritewroteseesawflyflewrunranrid

15、erodecomecamedrawdrewsitsathearheardtelltoldgrowgrewlearnlearned/ learntgetgotknowknew5. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+ 主语+动词原形如：What did Jim do yesterday疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式如：Who went to home yesterday4、一般将来时概念： 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ),soon, the day after tomorro

16、w (后天)等。1. 基本结构：主语+be (is,am,are)going to + 动词原形.主语 +will+ 动词原形.动词原形.2. 否定句：主语 +be (is,am,are)+not +going to +主语+will +not(won t)+ 动词原形.例如：I m going to have a picnic this afternoon. I m not going to have a picnic thisafternoon.3. 一般疑问句： Is(Are)+ 主语 +going to + 动词原形.+ Will+ 主语+动词原形+例： We are going to

17、 go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekendYes,we are.No,we aren t.Will he go to Beijing next weekYes,he will.No,he won t.4. 对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1) . 问人。Who 例如：I m going to New York soon. Who s going to New York soon.2) . 问干什么。What do. 例如： My father is goin

18、g to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3) . 问什么时候。When.例如：She s going to go to bed at nine. When is she going tobed5. 同义句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow (明天). = I willgo swimming tomorrow.5. 过去进行时：肯定句：主语+助动词be (was,were

19、)+ 动词现在分词-ing+ 其它否定句：主语+助动词be (was,were)+not+ 动词现在分词-ing+ 其它一般疑问句：Was(Were)+主语+动词现在分词-ing+ 其它特殊疑问句：疑问词 +was(were)+ 动词现在分词-ing+ 其它用法 :1 、 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, thistime yesterday 等，或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作(即与when, while 引出的时间状语从句连用)。例： They were talking about a film at six yesterda

20、y evening.昨晚 6 点他们正在谈论一上周的这个时候你在干什么？部电影。What were you doing at this time last weekWhen the teacher came in, they were talking.2、 表示在过去某一段时间内进行的动作。例： They were swimming from two to three yesterday afternoon.老师进来时，他们在讲话。昨天下午2 点到 3 点他们在游泳。She was watching TV the whole morning.3、 表示过去将要发生的动作。例： He said

21、he was leaving on Tuesday. 他说他周二动身。Tom said he was going tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天去。4、 用过去进行时描写故事背景。例： It was getting dark. The wind was rising.她整个上午在看电视。天渐渐黑了下来，风势增强了。The procession was going. He was standing among the crowd looking on.队伍在前进。他站在人群中观看。6. 现在完成时构成： 肯定句 ：主语+助动词have( has) +动词过去分词-ed否定句：主语+助动词hav

22、e( has) +not(haven t,hasn t)+ 动词过去分词-ed一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ 主语 +动词过去分词-ed+特殊疑问句：疑问词 +have(has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+用法：1 、 表示说话之前已完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在是情况仍有影响。常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。Mr. Wang has just come back from America. 王先生刚从美国回来。2现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for 或 since 等表示一段时间的状语。如： Mr Wang has lived here

23、 since 1983.3. 现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见终止性动词与延续性动词( 或状态动词) 的对应关系如下:come / go / arrive / get / reach / move- be in/atopen - be opendie - bedeadclose - be closedbecome-beborrow - keepput on - wearbuy - havebegin / start be onend/finish be overleave be away (from)fall asleep be asleepcatch a co

24、ld have a coldbe a soldierjoin the army be in the army,join the Partybe in the Party , be a Party member例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。Jim bought this pen two years ago.Jim has had this pen for two years.Jim has had this pen since two years ago.Jim has had this pen since 2007It is two years since Jim bought this pen.

25、4. 在表示“最近几世纪 / 年 / 月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days ； over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history等5. 表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “ It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that后面跟现在完成时。例： This is my first

26、 time that I have visited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That is the only book that he has written.6. have / has been to + 地点 意为“曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地，仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。have / has gone to + 地点 “到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。如： He has gone to Shanghai. 他去了上海。He has been to Sha

27、nghai. 他去过了上海。7. 现在完成进行时表示一个动作从过去某时开始，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。常与表示一段时间的状语，如：for two hours,since early morning,these few days等连用。构成：肯定句：主语+助动词have(has)+been+ 动词现在分词-ing否定句：主语+助动词have(has)+not+been+ 动词现在分词-ing一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ 主语 + been+ 动词现在分词-ing+特殊疑问句：疑问词 + have(has)+ 主语 + been+ 动词现在分词-ing+例： It has be

28、en raining for three hours.We have been waiting here since an hour ago.他已经在那坐了两个小时了。最近我们常见面。这两天他打好几次电话给我。在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态How long has it been raining 雨下多久了？She has been sitting there for more than 2 hours.We ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.He has been telephoning me several times

29、in two days.注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：一直持续或一直反复出现。8. 过去完成时构成：肯定句：主语+助动词had + 动词过去分词-ed+其它否定句：主语+助动词had +not(hadn t)+ 动词过去分词-ed+ 其它一般疑问句;Had+主语+动词过去分词-ed+ 其它 +特殊疑问句：疑问词 +had + 主语 +动词过去分词-ed+ 其它 +例： There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than w