山东省2020届新高考英语总复习专题一阅读理解第二部分题型应对探究第4讲词义猜测题对点集训

1、第4讲词义猜测题对点集训工提素养索其提修升电小题夯基练1. （2020 潍坊调研）“I know that , Kim.And please , call meBill.But what I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas.I need more input from you more feedback on how things are going.I don't need a 'yes maH . You never tell me what you think.You jus

2、t smile as though everything is fine.”“But, " said Kim, “I feel that since you are mysuperior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do. ”Q: The word “presumptuous“ in the passage is close in meaning to":.A. full of respectB. too confident and rudeC. lacking in experienceD. t

3、oo shy and quiet解析：B 本题考查对生词 presumptuous意思的猜测。根据生活常识可知，对于长辈和 上司，随意称呼他们的名字和直接提意见是傲慢无礼的。故选 B项。2. （2019 衡水高考预测 ）Helen's attitude toward dealing with criminals has changed over the years.She used to believe that everyone could change and deserved a second chance.She now believes that some crimes ar

4、e so heinous that those responsible should be shown no mercy.Q: What does the un derlined word “heinous" mean?A. Guilty.B. Terrible.C. Accidental.D. Unimportant.解析：B 这个句子使用了so.that. 句式，表示“如此以至于”。根据语境和结果“有罪的人不应该被给予同情”可以推知，不同情他们的原因是他们的罪行太深， 故heinous的意思应该是“极恶毒的，道德败坏的“。故选 B项。3. （2018 北京卷 D篇）A study

5、 from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric , self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure （基础设施） and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer e

6、missions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-drivi ng technology as well as liability and maintenance issues（责任与维护问题）.Q: What does the underlined word “field

7、ed " in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Employed.B. Replaced.C. Shared. D. Reduced. 解析：A fielded常用作名词，表示“地；场地；领域”，此处用作动词，引申为“使用，应用”之意。根据上下文可知，此处表示“考虑到无人驾驶技术的成本和责任与维护问 题，叫车服务（公司）将运用第一批可使用的商业无人驾驶汽车”。故选 A项。4. （2019 山东省联考）We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success , you s

8、hould put something back he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill , and mewith Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharingthat brought us together.We supported each other finan

9、cially and by showing up at events. Q： What does the underlined word "that" in this passage refer to?A. Their belief.B. Their care for children.C. Their success.D. Their support for each other.解析：A 本题考查代词的指代含义，属于广义的词义猜测题。代词指代的大都是前面 已经出现的名词，为了避免重复而使用了代词。根据上文的内容可知，让作者和朋友走到一 起的是两个人共同的信念。故选 A项

10、。大题提能练A（2020 黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模）83-year-old Antonio Vicente has spent the last four decades of his life fighting against the trend.As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for profitable plantations（种植园）and cattle grounds , hestruggled to bring the jungles of his childhood back to life.“Whei

11、 I was a child , the peasants cut down the trees to make grasslands and charcoal and the water dried up and did not come back, “ he told the reporters. "Ithought : ' Water is valuable , no one makes water and the population will not stop growing.What is going to happen ? We are going to run

12、 out of water. '"With only some donkeys and a small team of hired workers, Antonio Vicente setabout bringing back the forest to his land.What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life , and Antonio recalls often spending whole days and nights in his young jungle , s

13、urrounded by rats and foxes , and eating banana sandwiches for breakfast , lunch and dinner.Over the last 40 years , he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land , which now make up a small but unique area of rainforest , and a haven for wildlife.As the forest grew, the water retu

14、rned , and Antonio says that there are now over 20 water sources on his land that were no longer there when he bought it.Then the animals started making a home there.Today , the forest is alive with the sounds of birds and insects living there, and more species are settling in every year.“There are

15、toucans（ 巨嘴鸟 ）,all kinds of birds , squirrels , lizards , and even the boars are returning , " 83-year-old Vicente says. "If you ask me wh o my family are, I would say all is right here, each one of these that I planted from a seed.”语篇解读本文主要讲述一位 83岁的老人用40年时间让热带雨林恢复生机的故事。1. What do we learn

16、 about the Brazilian peasants?A. They wasted much water on farming.B. They focused on short-term profit s.C. They cared much about the environment.D. They relied heavily on rainforests for a living.解析：B 推理判 断题。根据第一段中的"As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for profitable plan

17、tations.” 及第二段中的 "the waterdried up and did not come back ”可知，巴西的农民关注的是短期的利益。故选 B。2. What used to be young Antonio's biggest concern?A. Overpopulation.B. Polluted water.C. Loss of grasslands.D. Water shortage.解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的" Water is valuable , no one makes water and the population

18、 will not stop growing.What is going to happen? We are going to runout of water."可知，年轻的 Antonio最关心的是水的短缺。故选D。3. What does the underlined wordhaven" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Trap.B. Disaster.C. Shelter.D. Balance.解析：C 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的"insects living there , and more species are set

19、tling in every year ”可知，昆虫生活在这里，每年更多的物种在这里定居，由此可推 断出这里成了野生生物的“安居地，避难所”。故选Co 4 In the last paragraph , Antonio mainly expresses his.A. affection for his forestB. thanks for his familyC. deep love for rare birdsD. pride as a successful farmer解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"If you ask mewho my family are , I

20、would say all is right here , each one of these that I planted from a seed.”可推知， Antonio 主要在表达他对森林的爱。故选 Ao B（2018 全国卷。,D）Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded withobjects.Why do we often assume that more_is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can hel

21、p my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things , and it worked.Because of our efforts , our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unabl

22、e to pay for her holiday due to illness.She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund（基金）（our kindergartendaughter is serious about becoming a doctor）.For weeks , I've been thinking of bigger , deeper questions: How do we

23、make it ahabit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and useless ? Yesterday , I sat with my son , Shepherd , determined to test my own theory on this.I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest.I expected that one toy would

24、keep his attention for about five minutes,ten minutes , max.I chose a red rubber ball simple , universally available.We passed it , he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it , rolling it , sitting onit , throwing it.It was totally, completely enough for him.Before I knew it an hour had p

25、assed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together.He had my full attention and I had his.My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us. 语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，题材是生活哲理。文章介绍了作者如何教育自己的孩子用更少的物质过更丰富的生活。5 What do the words “ more i

26、s more ” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A The more ， the better.B Enough is enough.C More money， more worries.D Earn more and spend more.解析： A 词义猜测题。根据第一段第三句“The good news is that I can help my ownkids learn earlier than I didhow to live more with less. ”可知，作者不认同前面的more is more 这种观点；再根据第一句可知，成人能够理解物质过

27、剩的感受，可是当涉及孩子时，我们却会认为（ 孩子 ） 拥有的东西越多越好。more is more 是相对于enough is enough而言的。故选A。 6 What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?A Saving up for her holiday.B Raising money for a poor girl.C Adding the money to her fund.D Giving the money to a sick mother.解析： C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句可知，当我们许诺把卖掉这些物品的钱放

28、到她的教育基金里的时候，她才同意卖。故选C。 7 Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?A To try out an idea.8 To show a parent's love.C To train his attention.D To help him start a hobby.解析： A 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句中的“determined to test my own theory onthis ”和第四句中的“I decided to play with him ”可知，作者和儿子玩耍是为了测试自己的理论：live

29、 more with less 。故选A。 9 What can be a suitable title for the text?A Take It or Leave It10 A Lesson from KidsC. Live More with LessD. The Pleasure of Giving解析：C 标题归纳题。第一段的最后一句是文章中心句，即作者想要教会孩子"how tolive more with less ”;接下来是作者为此所做的努力和尝试。文章最后一句也是对中心句 的回应。故选Co C（2017 浙江， A）Benjamin West, the fathe

30、r of American painting , showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes beforea visitor told him he needed one.In those days, a brush was madefrom camel's hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some

31、 fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long, the catbegan to look ragged （蓬舌L） . His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin wasforced to admit what he had been doing.The cat's lot_was_about to improve. That year, one of B

32、enjamin's cousins ,Mr.Pennington , came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings.When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings （版画）by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In

33、 1747 , when Benjamin was nine years old , Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city , Mr.Pennington gave Benjaminmaterials for creating oilpaint

34、ings.The boy began a landscape （ 风景）painting.William Williams , a well-known painter , came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little , having been a poor student.But he

35、later said, “Those two bookswere my companions by day , and under my pillow at night. " While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classicalpaintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国著名艺术家本杰明韦斯特是

36、如何开 始他的艺术生涯的。9. What is the text mainly about?A. Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.B Williams' influence on Benjamin.C The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.D The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.解析： C 主旨大意题。文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术

37、之路的，故选C。 10 What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?A The cat would be closely watched.B The cat would get some medical care.C Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D Benjamin would have real brushes soon.解析： D 句意理解题。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由该段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送

38、给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知D 项与画线句的意思相符。11 What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?A He took him to see painting exhibitions.B He provided him with painting materials.C He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D He taught him how to make engravings.解析： B 细节理解题。短文第四段提到“He was amazed at what B

39、enjamin had donewith his gift. ”，接着下一段又谈到“. Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials forcreating oil paintings. ”由此可知，潘宁顿送给本杰明绘画材料来帮助他发展艺术才能，故选 B 项。 12 Williams' two books helped Benjamin to.A master the use of paintsB appreciate landscape paintingsC get to know other paintersD make up his mind to

40、be a painter解析： D 细节理解题。由文章最后两句可知，这两本书是他们通往古典绘画的入门教程，也帮助他下定决心成为一名画家，故选D项。D（2017 全国 n , B）I first met Paul Newmarin 1968, when George Roy Hill , the director of Butch Cassidy and the SundanceKid ， introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn't want me for the film it wanted somebody as wel

41、l known as Paul he stood up for me.I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film andThe Stingfour years later had its root in the fact that although there was an

42、age difference,we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive , and making fun of each other but al

43、ways with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core （ 核心）of our relationship off the screen.Weshared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success , you should put something back he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously il

44、l , and mewith Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly , but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago.He'd been in and out of the hospital.He and I

45、both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationshipthatdidn't need a lot of words.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位著名演员保罗纽曼之间 的友谊。 13.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?A. Paul Newman wanted it.B. The studio powers didn't like his ag

46、ent.C. He wasn't famous enough.D. The director recommended someone else.解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的" When the studio didn't want me for the film it wanted somebody as well known as Paul he stood up for me.“可知， 电影公司想要像保罗那样出名的人，由此可以判断，作者不够出名，故选 C项。14 Why did Paul and the author have a lasting frie

47、ndship?A. They were of the same age.B. They worked in the same theater.C. They were both good actors.D. They had similar characteristics.解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很 幽默、有进取心，并互开对方的玩笑，即他们两人有相似的性格，故选 D项。15 What does the underlined word"that " in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Their belief

48、.B. Their care for children.C. Their success.D. Their support for each other.解析：A 代词指代题。根据第三段第一句" We shared the belief that. "以及下 面对belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使他们两人连在一起，故选 A项。16 What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A. To show his love of films.B. To remember a friend.C. T

49、o introduce a new movie.D. To share his acting experience.解析：B 写作意图题。本文是按照时间顺序写的，从作者与保罗的最初相见，到友谊 慢慢加深，以及几个月前去看望生病的保罗，由此可知作者写此文的目的是回忆一位朋友， 故选B项。E（2019 河南新乡二模 ）Throughout the past few years , I have tried to give myself to others.I have bounced around to find where I truly fit in.I found my place whil

50、e I stayed in Guatemala , an orphanage（孤儿院）,with the children living there.Through hearing many stories of their lives, I was moved to tears and started to questionmy living ways and gave up everything that wasn't essential: make up and any othersort of luxury（ 奢侈品）.I lived like they did.It was

51、the most relaxing feeling in the world.Whenat Nuestros Pequenos Hermanos, we were given the task of creating a pig pen.At first , I thought it should be easy.Afterarriving at the area where the pig pen shouldbe, we saw a hill.We were told to uproot the weeds as well as level the entire area.Looking

52、at it , we felt it would be impossible.On my own faith journey, I havefelt this type of doubt before.The "hole" , as we referred to , is a symbol of my faith journey.It appeared to be an obstacle I could not overcome , but in the end I competed itwith efforts.I feel this pig pen wasn't

53、 easy to create but was so rewarding to give.I've always struggled to be on a journey of faith , but I've never completely stepped foot onto the path until Guatemala.I've always tried to open my heart to everyonearound me and give them my love.I feel as though I cut open my heart and share every bit of love I had with these