50套高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)及解析

1、50套高中英语阅读理解 （ 科普环保 ）及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Moving in with a boyfriend causes women to eat more unhealthily and put on weight. But the opposite is true for men, whose long-term health benefits when they move in with a female partner.Dieticians at Newcastle University s

2、aid both partners try to please one another, and so change their dietary habits to suit their other half.It leads men to eat more light meals, such as salads, fruit and vegetables, while women choose to make creamier, heavier dishes curry or rich pasta sauces, which may please their partner. Women s

3、till have the strongest long-term influence over the couple's diet and lifestyle, as they still have the traditional role of shopper and cook in most households.The report, by Newcastle University's Human Nutrition Research Centre, reviewed the finding of a variety of research projects from

4、the UK, North America and Australia, which looked at the eating and lifestyle habits of couples.The research shows that women are more likely to put on weight and increase their consumption of foods high in fat and sugar when they move in with their partnerWomen also use food as a comfort when deali

5、ng with emotional stress and have been found to gain weight when a relationship ends, while the same finding has not been observed in men.Many couples reported food as being central to their partnership, and eating together in the evening was particularly important to many.Report author and register

6、ed dietician Dr. Amelia Lake said, "The research has shown that your partner is a strong influence on lifestyle and people who are trying to live healthier lives should take this factor into consideration."（1）According to the passage, moving in with a girlfriend, men .A. have few changes o

7、f their dietary habitsB. have to eat more unhealthy foodsC. don't like foods high in fat and sugar at all D. try to eat foods that their girlfriends like（2）The underlined word "light" （in Paragraph 4） probably means .A. not very heavyB. less in fat and sugarC. gentleD. not serious or i

8、mportant（3）According to the report by Newcastle University's Human Nutrition Research Centre,A. women put on weight only because they want to suit their other halfB. when men are faced with emotional stress, they will change their dietary habitsC. eating together in the evening is a good way to

9、communicate for couplesD. it is wrong to change your dietary habits to suit your partner（4）From the passage, we can infer that .A. women should pay more attention to their partner's influence on themB. more men will play roles of shopper and cook in most householdsC. couples will not change thei

10、r dietary habits and lifestyle to please their partner D. long-term health of men benefits when they move in with a female partner（5）What would be the best title for the passage?A. Don't be silly any more, women!C. Boyfriends make you fat【答案】 （ 1）DB. Which are better dietary habits?D. Dr. Amelia

11、 Lake and his study（2）B（3）C（4）A（5）C【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，纽卡斯尔大学的营养学专家的研究表明，同居让女 人发胖让男人更健康。（ 1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的 “ which may please their partner 可知，男”女双方会改 变自己的饮食习惯来迎合对方，因此男士会吃他的女伴喜欢吃的食物。故选D。（ 2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的 “ saladsf,r uit and vegetables 可”推断， light 在此是 “清 淡的 ”的意思，脂肪和糖的含量比较少。故选B。（ 3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“ ea

12、tingt ogether in the evening was particularlyimportant to many. 晚上”一起吃饭对许多人来说特别重要，可知选C。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ The research has shown that your partner is a stronginfluence on lifestyle and people who are trying to live healthier lives should take this factor into consideration. 研究”表明你的伴侣对你的生活方式有很大的影响,

13、那些试图过上健康生活的人应该考虑到这一因素。可选 A。（5）考查主旨大意。纽卡斯尔大学的营养学专家的研究表明，同居让女人发胖让男人更 健康。 C 项幽默风趣，能吸引读者的注意，并切中文章的主题。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一 篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行 分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Throughout much of human history, man has been the measure o

14、f many, if not all, things. Lengths were divided up into feet and smaller units from the human hand. Other measures were equally characteristic. Mediterranean traders for centuries used the weight of grains of wheat to define （ 定义 ） their units of mass. The Romans used libra, forerunner of the pound

15、, by referring to the weight of a carob （ 角豆树 ） seed.The sizes of similarly named units could also differ. The king's foot, used in France for nearly 1, 000 years after its introduction by Charlemagne in around 790 AD, was, at 32.5cm, around a centimeter shorter than the Belgic foot, used in Eng

16、land until 1300.Greek, Egyptian and Babylonian versions of water in a fixed container varied from one another by a few kilos, Nor was there agreement on such things within countries. In France, where there was no unified （ 统一的 ） measurement system at the national level, the situation was particularl

17、y terrible. The lieue （former measure of distance）, for example, varied from just over 3 km in the north to nearly 6 km in the south.Although John Wilkins, an Englishman, first put forward a decimal system （ 十进制 ） of measurement in 1668, it was the French who in 1799 made it law. The Syst è mIe

18、n ternational d'Unit é s （SI, or the metric system, as it is better known） developed from it and became the official measurement in all countries except Myanmar, Liberia and the United States. Now the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris is set to give the metric system its

19、 biggest shake-up yet.At a meeting in Versailles, France, on November 16th, 2018, the world's measurement bodies are almost certain to approve a decision that will mean four out of the seven base SI units, including the kilogram, will follow the other three, including the metre, in being redefin

20、ed in terms of the values of physical constants （物理常数 ）.Each of the chosen constants has been measured incredibly precisely, which would mean that from May 20th 2019 the constants will themselves be fixed at their current values for ever. Any laboratory in the world will then be able to measure, for

21、 example, the mass of an object as precisely as the accuracy of their equipment will allow.（1）What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?A. Pound went before libra in measurement.B. Different things used to be adopted as measures.C. Grains were accepted as measures by the Romans.D. Fixed measurement syste

22、ms were gradually formed.（2）How does the author develop the second paragraph?A. In time order.B. By analysis.C. In space order.D. By comparison.（3）Which of the following countries used SI as an official measurement?A. France.B. Liberia.C. America.D. Myanmar.（4）What will the world's measurement b

23、odies achieve at the meeting held in Versailles?A. They will come up with seven new SI units.B. They will set May 20th as a new international festival.C. They will redefine four SI units including the kilogram.D.They will decide on a new measure used in the laboratory.【答案】 （ 1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】 【分析】

24、本文是一篇说明文，法国凡尔赛宫举办的国际计量大会，将对目前使用 的国际单位制中的四个基本单位进行重新定义，其中包括对千克的重新定义。（ 1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的 “ man has been the measure of many, if not all, things 以及下文提到的用作计量单位的手、脚、谷物重量和参考角豆种子重量的磅可知，本段主要讲述了不同的东西被用作计量单位。故选B。( 2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的 “ The king's foot .around a centimetre shorter than the Belgic foot 和 “”Greek

25、, Egypiatn and Babylonian versions of water in a fixed container varied from one another by a few kilos, 以及 The lieue (former measure of distance), for example, varied from just over 3 km in the north to nearly 6 km in the south 可推知，本段作者”主要运用了对比的写 作方法，把同一计量单位在不同国家之间或者在同一国家不同区域间的差异进行了说明。 故选 D。( 3)考查细

26、节理解。根据第三段中的 “ it was the French who in 1799 made it law 和 The Syst è me International d'Unité s (SI, or the metric system, as it is better known)developed from itand became the official measurement in all countries except Myanmar, Liberia and the United States ”可知，在所给出的四个国家中，只有法国采用国际单位

27、制(SI)。国际单位制是现时世界上最普遍采用的标准度量衡单位系统，采用十进制进位系统。故选A。( 4)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“ Ata meeting in Versailles, France, on November16th, 2018, the world's measurement bodies are almost certain to approve a decisionthat willmean four out of the seven base SI units.will follow the other three.in being redefined in

28、 terms of the values of physical constants 可知，在法”国凡尔赛宫召开的会议上，七个基本计量单位 中的四个将被重新定义，其中包括对千克的重新定义。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需 要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇阅读理解While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students in

29、 Auckland, New Zealand. They became the world's first kids to be "taught" by a digital teacher. Before you start imagining a human-like robot walking around the classroom, Will is just an avatar that appears on the student's desktop, or smartphone screen, when ordered to come.The a

30、utonomous animation platform has been modeled after the human brain and nervous system, allowing it to show human-like behavior. The digital teacher is assigned to teach Vector's "Be sustainable with energy" a free program for Auckland elementary schools.Just like the humans it replace

31、d, Will is able to instantly react to the students' responses to the topic. Thanks to a webcam and microphone, the avatar not only responds to questions the kids may have, but also picks up non-verbal cues. For instance, if a student smiles at Will, he responds by smiling back. This two-way inte

32、raction not only helps attract the students' attention, but also allows the program's developers to monitor their engagement, and make changes if needed.Nikhil Ravishankar believes that Will-like avatars could be a novel way to catch the attention of the next generation. He says,“ I have a l

33、ot of hope in this technology as a means to deli-ver costeffective, rich, educational experience in the future. ”The program, in place since August 2018, has been a great success thus far. Ravishankar says, " What was fascinating to me was the reaction of the children to Will. The way they look

34、 at the world is so creative and different, and Will really captured their attention." However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.1） What was special for some elementary school students in Auckland?A. A digital teacher taught them.B.

35、 They first saw something digital.C. This was the start of a new school year.D. They could get close to smartphone screen.（2）What is the benefit of this two-way interaction?A. It can smile back.B . It can use microphone.C. It can talk any topic for free.D. It can change if necessary.（3）What's Ra

36、vishankar's attitude to Will's replacing Human educators soon?A. Optimistic.B. Doubtful. C. Unclear.D. Disapproving.（4）What might be the best title for the passage?A. New High-tech Contributes to EducationB. The World's First Digital Teacher Appears in Classroom.C. The World's First

37、Digital Teacher, a Help to StudentsD. New Zealand Will Replace Teachers in Classrooms 【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）D（4）B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款智能机器人走进小学课堂，为孩子们讲 授能源可持续发展。by a（ 1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的 “They became the world's first kids to be“ taughtdigital teacher 可”知，他们成为世界上第一批由智能机器人老师 “教”的孩子。由此可知，特 殊之处在于机器人老师教他们

38、。故选A。（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的 “ Thist wo -way interaction not only helps attract the students' attention, but also allows the program's developers to monitor their engagement, and make changes if needed. 即”“这 种双向互动不仅有助于吸引学生的注意力，还允许程序的开 发人员监视他们的参与度，并在需要时做出更改 ”，由此可得出，其优势在于需要时，可以 做出变化。故选 D。（ 3）考查推理判断

39、。根据最后一段中的“ Hwoever, regardless of how popular it becomes, Willis unlikely to replace human educators any time soon. 可知， Ravishan”kar认为它不会在短期内 代替人类教育工作者。故选 D。（ 4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的 “ While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students in

40、 Auckland, New Zealand. They became the world's first kids to be“ taught ” by a可 di知git，al 从te新ac学he年r 开始，新”西兰奥克兰的小学生将成为世界上第一批被机器人老师教的孩子。之后文章就此展开，由此可 推断出 he World's First Digital Teacher Appears in Classroom 最符合本文的标题。故选 B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅 读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑

41、关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4Directions: Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenland's past and future climate. Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenlan

42、d Ice Sheet, researchers have discovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age. The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods（ 间冰期 ）in northwest Greenland.Although researchers have long known these two periods the early Holocene and Last Interglacial experienced

43、warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. "As far as we know, it has never been found in Greenland. We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there," Axford said. "We wer

44、e really surprised to see how far north it migrated （ 迁徙 ）."This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland's sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. Those models could then improve predictions of how Greenland's i

45、ce sheet might respond to man-made global warming. After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. "Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every c

46、oastal city around the world," said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. "One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer. Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today," said A

47、xford.People might be surprised to see how today's Greenland looked during the last two interglacial periods. During the Last Interglacial, global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet, largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarctica's ice sheets. However, now researchers believe norther

48、n Greenland's ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought, which could mean that Greenland is more responsible for that sea-level rise.Finding lake deposits older than about 10,000 years, however, has been historically very difficult in Greenland. To measure these ancient temp

49、eratures, researchers look to ice cores （ 冰 核 ） and lake deposits. Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow or mud, these cores contain history of the past. By looking through the layers, researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago.（1）Why are the rem

50、ains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs?A. They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland.B. They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud.C. They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought.D. They help

51、the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic.（2）The new information about Greenland is important because.A. researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland's warming speedB. it can help researchers better predict Greenland's response to warmingC. people should be

52、 more sensitive to the changes in the ice in GreenlandD. it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man-made global warming（3）Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. It is easier for today's scientists to find ancient lake deposits.B. People are surprised at the landscape

53、 feature of Greenland today.C. Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud.D. Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities.（4）Which do you think is the best title of the passage? A.Greenland Used to Be Much GreenerB. Earth Once Experienced

54、 Warm PeriodsC. Coastal Cities Warned of Coming DisastersD. Northwest Greenland, A Perfect Destination 【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）D（4）A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在古代沉积物中发现的一条微小线索揭开了 格陵兰岛过去和未来气候的大秘密。就在广阔的格陵兰冰原的西北边缘，研究人员发现了 在最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥。现在研究人员认为，格陵兰北部的冰盖经历了比之 前认为的更强烈的变暖。（ 1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的 “Them ud, and remains of

55、 common flies in it, record two interglacial periods （间冰期） in northwest Greenland. 在”格陵兰岛西北部，泥浆和常见 苍蝇的残骸记录了两次间冰期；以及第二段中的“Although researchers have long known thesetwo periods the early Holocene and Last Interglacial experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was e

56、ven warmer than previously thought.尽管研究人 ”员很早就知道这两个时期 全新世早期和最后一次间冰期 在北极经历了变暖，但混 合的蝇类表明格陵兰岛甚至比之前认为的还要热。可知，在前两段中提到苍蝇的残骸是为 了证明格陵兰岛的温度比之前认为的要高得多。故选C。（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的 “ Thisn ew information could help researchers better measure Greenland's sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of

57、climate and ice sheet behaviou r. 可”知，这些新信息可以帮助研究人员更好地测量格陵兰岛对气候变暖的敏 感性。故选 B。（ 3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的 “ Aftera ll, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. Northwest Greenland mightfeel really remote, but what happens to thatice sheet is

58、going to matter to everyone in everycoastal city around the world,可知，'格”陵 兰岛覆盖了这个北极国家的80%，拥有相当于全球海平面 20 英尺的冰。 “格陵兰西北部可能真的感觉很遥远，但冰盖的变化将关系到世界 上每个沿海城市的每个人。 ”故选 D。（4）考查主旨大意。本文通过最新的发现最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥及湖泥中的苍蝇残骸及其相关研究说明格陵兰岛之前可能更暖和。因此，本文的最佳标题应为 “格陵 兰岛曾经更加绿色 ”。故选 A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅 读

59、，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确 答案。5阅读理解An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDEBRIShas successfully cast a net around a dummy （仿真的 ） satellite, imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step toward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space.Millio