Unit 4 Earthquaks

1、Unit 4 Earthquakes 【自主学习】一、 单词速记1. (vi.) 爆裂；爆发 (n.) 突然破裂；爆发2. （n.） 事件；大事3. （n.） 废墟；毁灭 （vt.） 毁灭；使破产4. （adj.） 极度的5. （vt.） 破坏；毁坏；消灭6. （vt.&vi.） (使)震惊；震动 (n. ) 休克；打击；震惊7. （n.&vt.） 援救；营救8. （vt.） 使陷入困境 （n.） 陷阱；困境9. （n.） 灾难；灾祸10. （vt.） 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏11. （n.） 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 12. （n.&vt.） 损失；损害13. （n.） 裁判员；

2、法官 （vt.） 断定；判断；判决14. （vt.） 损害；伤害, injury(n.)伤害；损害 injured(adj.)受伤的15. （n.） 电；电流；电学 electric (adj.) 用电的；带电的 electrical(adj.)雨点有关的；电学的16. （vt.） 使惊吓；吓唬 frightened(adj.)受惊的；受恐吓的 frightening(adj.)令人恐惧的17. （n.） 祝贺；（复数）贺词 ; congratulate(vt.)祝贺2、 短语回顾1. 立刻；马上2. 结束；终结3. 掘出；发现4. 考虑的少；满不在乎5. 失去希望6. 仿佛；好像7. 严重受

3、损；破败不堪8. 许多；大量的9. 数以万计10. 以.而自豪三、句式填空1. too.to.太.而不. In the farmyards , the chickens and even the pigs were （太紧张而不敢吃东西）.2. as if 引导方式状语从句 （仿佛）the world was at an end!3. leave +宾语复合结构 Thousands of families were killed and many children (成了孤儿).4. 部分否定 （不是所有的希望都破灭了）.5. 定语从句及“the +adj.”表示集合概念 The army o

4、rganized teams to dig out those (被困的)and to bury (死者) .【知识点拨】词汇解析：一、burstvt.&vi.(to explode；to come open or fly apart suddenly or violently) (使)破裂，爆发；突然发作 Burst into vs. burst out (doing) Burst with anger/grief/joy 情景记忆： 1 .burst _into_ 闯入burst into tears/laughterburst _out_ crying/laughing 突然大哭

5、/大笑起来2.burst _into_ anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支温馨提示： burst into与burst out都有“突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况”的意思，但burst into后面接名词，burst out后面 接动名词。2、 ruinvt. (to destroy completely)(使)毁灭；(使) 破产；毁坏 n. 毁灭； (the remains of something destroyed)(常用复数)废墟；遗迹，残余同义词：Destroy, damage Be in ruins/ come to ruins Ruin oneself/ones health

6、1.in ruins 一片废墟bring to ruin 使毁灭；使没落fall in/into ruin 成为废墟2.ruin oneself 自取灭亡ruin one's health/fame毁坏某人的健康/声誉 易混辨析： damage，destroy与ruin 这三个词都有“损坏、破坏”之意，具体区别如下：1.damage 表示“损害，损坏”，通常指部分性的损坏，往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等会降低，有时用于 比喻用法中。如：Smoking will damage your health.吸烟会损害你的健康。2. Destroy 表示“毁坏”， 通常指彻底的毁掉或毁灭， 往

7、往暗示无法或很难修复，有时用于比喻用法中。如：The fire destroyed the building. 大火烧毁了大楼。3.ruin 表示“毁坏，毁灭”，指彻底的毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等。现多用于比喻用法中， 在真正具体地摧毁或破坏某座建筑物时，通常不用ruin。如：Any kind of dishonest dealing will ruin his career.任何不诚实的交易都会毁了他的事业。三、shockn(the feeling of distress and disbelief that one has when something bad happe

8、ns accidentally)休克；打击；震 惊 vt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动；(使)惊愕；使触电1.(be)a shock _to_ sb.对某人来说是一个打击a great shock to sb. 令人震惊的人或事2.shocked adj. (主语多为人)感到吃惊的，感到惊讶的 be shocked _by_被震惊be shocked to do sth.做某事很震惊3.shocking adj. (主语多为物)令人气愤的，令人惊讶的 温馨提示： shock意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词，其前可以与不定冠词连用。 The news of his mother'

9、s death was a terrible shock to him. 他母亲去世的噩耗使他非常震惊。四、trapvt.(trapped, trapped)使陷入困境；设陷阱捕捉 n陷阱；困境；捕捉器1.be trapped in陷入trap sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事2.fall into a trap (be caught in a trap)掉入陷阱；落入圈套lay/set a trap (for) 安装捕捉器，设陷阱；设计陷害，设圈套五、judgen(one appointed to decide the winners of a contest or c

10、ompetition) 裁判员；法官vt.&vi.(to form an opinion or estimation after careful consideration)断定；判断；判决1.judging from/by 根据来判断judgesb./sth.by/from 以来判断as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为judgesb./sth. (to be)n./adj. 判定为judge itadj.to do sth. 认为做某事是2.judgment n. 判断，审判；判断力 温馨提示： Judging from/by置于句首作状语，v.ing形式不受

11、主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似的用法还有： generally speaking一般来说 / frankly speaking坦白地说 / considering考虑到六、buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使专心v. bury sth. in bury oneself in sth/doing sth. be buried in: be absorbed in, be engaged in, dive into be buried alive被活埋bury one's face in hands 双手掩面be buried in(bury oneself in) 埋头于；专心于bury

12、oneself in (doing) sth. 埋头于；专心于be buried in thought 陷入沉思七、Right away: at once At an end: come to an endAt the end ofIn the endend up withmake ends meet八、A great number of 可数：a great many, a large number of, many a不可数：much, a great deal of, a large number of可&不可：a lot of, lots of, plenty of, quan

13、tities of 温馨提示： 表示“专心于，致力于”的短语还有：be devoted to, be absorbed in; be lost in; be occupied in; focus/concentrate on; fix one's attention on短语储存一、at an end 结束；终结at the end of 在的末端， 在结束时 in the end 最后，终于 by the end of 到为止(常与完成时态连用)make ends meet收支相抵on end 连续(地)；直立end to end 衔接；首尾相连put an end to 结束二、t

14、hink little of不重视；认为没价值1.think highly/well/a lot/much of 对的评价好think poorly/badly of 对的评价不好 think nothing of it 不用谢，别放在心上2.speak highly of 高度评价speak well/ill of 说的好/坏话 3.a (large) number of 许多，大量的 温馨提示： a large/great number of“许多的，大量的”，相当于large/great numbers of，后面跟可数名词复数形式。number之前 可加某些表示数量大小的形容词。a n

15、umber of加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；而the number of加复 数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。句型透视：一、What do you think will happen before an earthquake? 你认为地震之前将会有什么事情发生呢？ 句型公式： 疑问词 do you think/suppose/guess陈述语序 句式点拨： 该结构被称作混合疑问句，其中的do you think/suppose/guess是插入语。该结构中插入语后的句子应使用陈述语序。二、It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世

16、界末日！ 句式点拨： as if 是连词词组，意为“好像，好似”，相当于as though，一般用于句型It looks/seems as if中，其意思是“看 起来好像”。如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气；当说 话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。句型公式：It seems (to sb.) that/as if (对某人来说)似乎(as if 后面可用虚拟语气) seem to be/liken. 似乎，好像 seem to be doing sth./to have done sth. 好像正在做/已经做了某事

17、seem (to be)n./adj. 似乎是 There seems to be 好像有 【课堂练习】一、单项填空1_our earth，or else it will be no longer fit for us to live on.AProtectedBTo protect CProtectingDProtect2What happened?Oh，a bee appeared on Kates dress，and her sudden_ of cry scared us.AbreakBBurst CattitudeDexpress3What happened to the price

18、less works of art?_.AThey were destroyed in the earthquakeBThe earthquake was destroying themCThey destroyed in the earthquakeDThe earthquake were to destroy them4_ deep down in the earth，the dead forests rotted away and became coal. ABuryingBBuried CTo buryDHaving buried5Our government are taking f

19、irm measures to make pollution_. Ato the endBput to an end Cin the end Dwithout end6There are _ books in our school library；however，_ of them are old. Aa large number of；four­fifthBa good number of；fourths five Cthe large number of；four fifthsDa large number of；four fifths7It is_ for us to deal

20、 with. Aan enough difficult situation Bsuch a difficult situation Ctoo difficult a situation Dso difficult a situation8I know Jack spends at least as much time reading as he_. Adoes writingBis writing CwritesDdoes to write9This area experienced _ heaviest rainfall in _ month of May. A/；aBa；the Cthe；

21、theDthe；a10Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away? Thank you._. AIt couldnt be betterBOf course you can CIf you likeDIts up to you11The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace. AwhichBWhere CwhatDin which12The girl cried because she _ the elevator. Ahas trapped inBhad trapped by

22、 Cwas trapped withDwas trapped in13The boys，_ could not reach the shelf，went to look for something to stand on. Athe tall of whomBthe tallest of whom Cthe tallest oneDthe tallest of them14I passed the driving test!_！ ACongratulationBCongratulations for you CCongratulationsDCongratulation on you15_ t

23、he rockets coming into being，the Space Age began，_ China is sure to play an important role. AAs；whenBWith；at which CWith；in whichDAs；while二、完形填空One of my fathers favorite sayings as I was growing up was “Try it！” I couldnt say I didnt like _1_，whatever it might be，_2_ I tried it.Over the years Ive c

24、ome to _3_ how much of my success I owe to my _4_ of those words as one of my values.My _5_ job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I _6_ what I wanted to do as a career(职业)_7_ I believed I would work for a few years，get married，stay home and raise a family，so I didnt think the

25、 job I took _8_ that much.I couldnt have been more _9_.I mastered the skills of that beginning level position and I was given the opportunity(机会) to _10_ through the company into different _11_.I accepted each new opportunity with the _12_，“Well，Ill try it；if I dont like it I can always go back to m

26、y _13_ position.”But I was with the same company for the past 28 years，and Ive _14_ every career change Ive made.Ive discovered I _15_ a large number of different talents(才能) and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my being _16_ trying new opportunities.Ive also

27、 discovered that if I _17_ what Im doing and work hard at achieving my _18_，I will succeed.Thats why Im so _19_ to be a part of CareerF.I think _20_ has come and I am determined to make it a success.1A.everythingBSomething CeverybodyDsomebody2A.until afterBever since Cso that Dlong before3A.consider

28、BArgue Cinclude Drealize4A.suggestion BExplanation CacceptanceDdiscussion5A.hard BBest CextraDfirst6A.determinedBExamined CexperiencedDintroduced7A.ActuallyBGradually CFinallyDUsually8A.helpedBRequired CexpressedDmattered9A.carefulBMistaken Cinterested Dprepared10A.look upBtake up Cmove upDput up11A

29、.situationsBChoices CdirectionsDpositions12A.thoughtBReply Caction Dadvice13A.easierBNewer CearlierDhigher14A.permittedBCounted CorganizedDenjoyed15A.showBPossess CneedDgather16A.lucky for Bslow at Copen toDafraid of17A.think of Bgive away Cbelieve in Dturn into18A.businessBGoal CfortuneDgrowth19A.e

30、xcitedBCurious CsurprisedDhelpful20A.dreamBTime Cpower Dhonor三、阅读理解Recently，scientists attending a meeting in Chicago presented new studies showing how food and its production affect global warming.They offered some suggestions for how to eat in a more environmentally friendly way.For many years，sci

31、entists have warned us that our planet is getting warmer.If current trends continue，animals may start to die off and life could get very difficult for everyone.The temperature is rising because humans have been releasing massive amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere，which surround the plan

32、et and keep heat from escaping.One of these gases is carbon dioxide.Most carbon dioxide we produce comes from the process of making and eating food，the scientists reported in Chicago.The production of meat contributes to a lot of carbon dioxide.And much of meats contribution comes from beef，which is

33、 responsible for releasing even more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.The process of making a hamburger，for example，requires a lot of energy.A cow has to be fed and raised，and cows wastes are a major source of greenhouse gases.After the cow is killed，the meat has to be processed and shipped to a

34、 consumer，which takes fuel.And most of the cow wont even be used for meat people eat.By the time a hamburger finally lands on a dinner plate，it has taken a heavy toll on the environment.It is believed that the process of making a half­pound all­beef burger adds about 19 times the weight of

35、 hamburgers in carbon dioxide.The message is clear：We can greatly reduce the production of greenhouse gases by eating less beef.Other kinds of meat like pork and chicken do less harm to the environmentat least in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases released.Nathan Pelletier，a scientist at Dalhou

36、sie University in Canada，reported that if everyone in industrial countries ate chicken instead of beef，we would cut the Earths greenhouse gases by more than half.All kinds of meat，the scientists reported，are harder on the planet than vegetables.To grow and eat a pound of potatoes，for example，sends l

37、ess than one quarter pound of carbon dioxide into the air.So shifting our diet to less meat and more vegetables may do the world some good.1The text mainly tells us _.Awhat we eat can affect the whole planetBthe way we live affects the environmentChow we can save energy on the EarthDhow we can produ

38、ce environment­friendly food2What is likely to happen if the climate is getting warmer according to the passage?ASea level will continue to rise sharply.BHuman beings wont have enough food.CIt would be very hard for man to survive.DAll the animals and plants will disappear.3Why does the author

39、mention the process of making a hamburger?ATo show meat is usually part of a hamburger.BTo illustrate that our food contributes to greenhouse gases.CTo prove making a hamburger is a complex process.DTo suggest a lot of energy is needed to make hamburgers.4The author believes one effective way to fig

40、ht global warming is_.Awe should eat no pork and no chickenBwe should eat more chicken than beefCwe should eat not meat but vegetablesDwe should eat less meat and more vegetables5Which of the following statements would Nathan Pelletier agree to?AEating pork and chicken is more environmentally friend

41、ly.BMeat consumption is the main cause of greenhouse gases.CPeople in industrial countries consume more beef than fish.DEating more beef is a more efficient way to save more energy.达标测试1、 单项选择（ ）1.The button in the kitchen is out of order._. A. Im really sorry to hear that. B. No problem. Itll be OK

42、. C. Anything else I can do? D. Why not get Mr. Kidder to have a look( )2. We dont need to do extra work this evening. The days work was almost _ now.A. at the end B. at an end C. at one end D. at our end( )3 It was on a cold winter evening_ his father left home and was never back.A. where B. which

43、C. that D. when( )4.It is said that there are millions of camels in India and _ of them is growing.A. the number B. a great number C. a lot D. a good many( )5.They showed me a medicine that was scientifically from human hair and used in helping their growth.A. learned B. chosen C. prepared D. separa

44、ted( )6.In that big fire all their houses were_, so they had to build new ones.A. hurt B. harmed C. injured D. destroyed( )7.Hes feeling rather _ with himself after the examination.A. pleasing B. pleased C. pleasant D. pleasurable( )8.The whole world was _ when they learned that the quake had brough

45、t so much damage.A. concerned B. interested C. shocked D. frustrated( )9.On my way to school, I realized that I had _ my school bag at home.A. left B. forgotten C. lost D. missed( )10.One minute she burst into _ and the next burst out _> We just couldnt catch her mood at any moment.A. crying, lau

46、ghter B. tears, laughing C. tears, laughter D. crying, laughing( )11.Step By Step is the only one of the books _ with the tape in the bookshop.A. that goes B. that go C. which goes D. which go( )12.Ive read all the books _ you gave me.A. who B. whose C. whom D. that( )13.“After World War II, many of

47、 the cities across western European countries _,” our guide said.A. lied in ruin B. lay in ruins C. lay in ruin D. lying in ruins( )14.I had not listened to my mothers advice on taking an umbrella. Later that afternoon, I was nearly _ the rain.A. taken by B. trapped in C. caught in D. beaten by( )15

48、.Its really unbelievable! Can you _ her swimming across the English Channel? A. believe B. imagine C. mind D. think二、 完型填空Mobile phones are everywhere in big cities. It seems that 16 can survive without one. Mobile phones are a great 17 to stay connected with friends and family. 18 , it is important to remember that there are certain times 19 you should not be using your phone, especially as a student,