高三英语非谓语动词专题学案(一)李磊

1、非谓语动词学案（一）非谓语动词作为英语中最重要的基础语法之一，在高考中的体现，绝对不是几个填空题 那么简单。在阅读中，如果不懂非谓语的含义，学生就很难正确理解英中的长难句，进而影 响对整篇文章的理解。在写作中，如果没有非谓语的岀现，学生就很难写出一篇好的文章。 所以，真正系统全而地理解非谓语的含义及用法，是十分必要的。一、非谓语动词的概念（即什么是非谓语动词）顾名思义，非谓语动词是指句子中不作谓语的动词。（关键词：1.是动词。2.不作谓语）二、非谓语的基本形式1. doing现在分词（作定语,状语,补语时）动名词（作主语，宾语，表语时）2. to do动词不定式3. done过去分词三、句法功

2、能（即在句中可以作哪些成分）根据槪念立义，非谓语在句中能作除了谓语以外的所有成分。（即主宾表泄状补），以下 做详细说明解释。1. 作主语（1）作主语时，一般情况下，选择动划词doing或不 to do都可以,相当于一个名词（故doing 称之为动名词）。（一般首选动名词doing）HeSitating means failure. =Tb hesitate means failure.Thinking Of you makes me old. =TO think Of you makes me old.KnOWing OneSeIf is difficult. =TO know OneSeIf

3、 is Clifficult.动名词多强调抽象的，概念性的动作，可以是多次的，经常性的动作。不定式多强调具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。PIaying With fire is dangerous.玩火危险。（泛指玩火）TO PIay With fire is dangerous.玩火会发生危险。（一次具体的动作）doing和to do都表示主动的概念，表达被动概念时得用done,但done是不能直接作主 语的，此时，可以把done改为being done或to be done就可以了。仍然首选being doneo MiSUnderStOOd is terrible.（×）1Bei

4、ng misunderstood is terrible.=To be misunderstood is terrible.（7）总结：非谓语作主语时，表主动可以用doing, to do,表被动时用being done或 to be doneo注意：不定式作主语时，往往由it代替它作形式主语（只能是it）,不定式则移 至谓语之后。（平衡句子）It means failure to hesitateIt makes me OId to think Of you句型It is +andone for/of Sb to do sth（仍然称之为不定式作主语）It is difficult for

5、US to know ourselves.It is kind Of you to help me.2. 作宾语（动宾或介宾）作宾语时与作主语用法一样，都相肖于一个剑词（故doing称之为动需词），表主动可以 用doing, to do,表被动时用being done或to be doneo介词后的宾语只能用 doing或being done0另外,动宾结构大多都是固定用法,需要专门记忆。我们平时记忆的哪些动词后接doing,哪些动词后接to do.哪些动词都能接，意义有无区别, 实际上，都是在积累非谓语作宾语的用法。常跟动名词doing作宾语的动词有：admit, finish, avoid

6、, PraCtiCez Gnjoy,excuse, miss（卡昔过），imagine, appreciate, delay,deny, COnSideC mind, SUggeStz POStPOne, risk, resist, allow; ban 等等。He admitted taking the WatChI appreciate her devoting herself to the CaUSe Of educa廿on.（her devoting 逻辑主i）The government has banned IOgging to PrOteCt the GnVirOnmentHe

7、COUldrt imagine being Cheated by his best friend.She did this to avoid being misunderstood by OtherS常跟不建式to do作宾语的动词有：agree, decline, refuse, attempt, PrOmiSez Offec decide, hope, intend, expect, Pretend, fail, wish, WantVOlUnteer; prepare, tend, claim, Iearr desire, manage, IOngZ Planz dare 等等。She

8、IOnged to go back to her HOmetOWn.I CanZt afford to take PianO IGSSe）nsHe Pretended to be killed by the bear.I expected to be PraiSed by my teacher.既可以跟动需词作宾语，又可以跟不左式作宾语的动词有：forget, remember, regret, try, mean 此时，要考虑二者的区别。I WiIl try to help you.（尽力）I try helping you.（尝试）介词或介词短语有：go on, insist OnZ th

9、ink OfF PUt OffZ because OfZ Pay attention to, IOOk forward to, be keen on, be fond of, aim at, be afraid Ofz be Gngaged ir have a PaSSiOn for, feel Iikez COnSiSt in 等等，这些短 语都是以介词结尾，后边都要跟doing,表被动时要用being doneShe Ieft WithOUt Saying goodbye to us.TrUe happiness COnSiStS in being COntent With oneself

10、.I am IOOking forward to Seeing you.He WaS afraid Of being Cheated by his friends.注意：make, find, COnSider, feel, think等动词后如果是不宦式作宾语，补语是形容词或名词， 那么，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式移后。即我们所学的重点句型：make/ find/ feel/ consider/ think it +a n （for Sb） to do Sth （仍然称之为不定式作宾语）I find it difficult to WOrk With him.I feel it USeIe

11、SS to argue With her.He made it a rule to get UP early.3.作表语作表语时与作主语，宾语用法一样，都相当于一个名词（故doing称之为动名词），表主 动可以用doing, to do,表被动时用being done或to be doneo动名词多强调抽象 的，概念性的动作，可以是多次的，经常性的动作。不立式多强调具体的动作，尤其是某一 次的动作。另外，表示将来的，计划的，有目的的事情也多用不左式作表语，构成be to do 结构。HiS favorite SPOrt is SWimming.（泛指游泳）YOUr task today is

12、to WaSh the CUrtains.（一次具体的工作）The PUrPOSe Of education is to develop a fine PerSOnality in ChiIClren.（表目白勺）He WaS to go OUt When HiS friend Came to ViSit him.（计划,打算，安排）YOU are to be rewarded.（应授奖励，表被动）It is nowhere to be found.（表被动）He is nOt to be feared.（不应怕他）总结：非谓语作主语，宾语，表语时，都相当于一个拿词（动需词的原因），用法基本相

13、同, 时刻注意固定结构和主被动是十分重要的。4.作宾语补足语（1）.宾语补足语是指在英语中有些及物动词后边接了宾语意义仍然不完整，还需要对其宾语 作做补充说明的一些成分。例如：Want Sb to do中Want是谓语动词，Sb是宾语，而to do就 是Sb补足语。非谓语作宾语补足语大多都是固肚结构（很多同学背了很多这样的结构，只 是不知道叫做补足语），需要专门记忆。常跟不泄式to do作宾语补足语的动词有：allow ask, Gn courage, forbid, remi nd, I ike, WanI OrdeG tell, expect, CaUSeZ invite 等等.He as

14、ked his ParentS to help him.What CaUSeCl her to give UP her studies?He IikeS his Wife to dress WelL（2）.后接非谓语作宾补的常见词汇，常见考点汇总With发现与保持，看听留下抓使役。（这八个词用法要牢记于心，做题时 要敏感，考査十分频繁。）With +sb sth+doing主动,进行）done（被动，完成）to do（主被动均可，表将来） 切记：With是介词，只要与动词搭边连用，都是非谓语，区别as.With my teacher helping me, I believe my EngIi

15、Sh WiIl improve.（As my teacher helps me ）With a IOt Of PrOblemS settled, he WaS happy.（As a IOt Of PrOblemS HaVe been SettleCl）With a IOt Of PrOblemS to Settlez he WaS not HaPPy.（As a IOt Of PrObIemS are to be SettIed）表示看听意义的词很多，有see, WatChZ notice, ObSerVez hear等，它们用法基本一致，以 See为例，说明用法。see + sb Sthd

16、Oing（看见正在做，主动）do（看见做了，过程，主动）done（看见被-被动）being done（正被做）I heard her Sing an EngliSh SOng听见她唱了一首英语歌。I heard Her Singing an EngliSh SOng听见她在唱一首英语歌。I heard an EngliSh SOng SUng by her.英语歌被唱。I WOUld Iike to See the Plan Carried out.find/ SPOt sb Sth doing（±动，正在做）done（被动）catch Sb doing be CaUght doin

17、gHe WaS CaUght Stealing Sth leave sb Sth doing（主动）/ done （被动）MUrn Went to work, IeaVing her baby Crying at HOmeMUm Went to WOrkz IeaVing the （OOd UntOUChed keep sb Sth doing（主动）done（被动）It is WrOng to keep the machine running.YOU ShOUld keep me informed Of the news.使役动词就是意义为"使某人，让某人，叫某人做-的动词。常见的有