高中英语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致精讲

1、时态、语态和主谓一致()时态一.一般时1_般现在时构成形式：用法：(1)表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态，常与always usually, often, SOmetinleS» everyday,OnCe a week, yearly每年，montlly每月 等时间状语或频率副词连用。The train for ShenZhen(IeaVe) at 8 CvCry moming.(2) 用于状语从句代替一般将来时,在When , as SOOn as , before , after , Untll, If等引导的时间状 语或条件状语从句，谓语动词是将来时通常用一般现在时代替。If

2、 he(succeed), they Will be the heroes Of human beings(3) 表示人的“观点” “看法“建议''“态度“评价“等词、“活动的目的“以及客观事实时，常用一 般现在时。A gd medicine(taste) bitter.OUr geography teacher told US that the earth(go) around the SUn2般过去时构成形式：用法：表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态注意：一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用.如:yesterday, IaSt night, two days (mo

3、ntls, WeekS) ago, In 1996. the Other day in the PaSt也常和when, if等引导的状语从句连用.When he WaS young, Mr. Li Often(go) to evening schools.He telephoned me to Say that he wouldn't COme If it(Iam) the IleXt day.3_般将来时 构成形式：next用法：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间状语.如tomorrow,Weekmonth,year 等连用.NeXt month We(have)

4、an important CXanL常用结构：L用于“祈使句+and+陈述句"中。XV7brk hard and you(succeed).2与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。If he COmes, I(tell) you.二.进行时1现在进行时构成形式：用法：表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。常与now, at tle moment等连用。Don,t make SO much noise. He(sleep).NObOdy knows for SUre Wllat She(think) about now.2过去进行时构成形式：用法：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。常用 句型： was

5、/ Were domg Whell.was/ Were about to do Wllell It(IaHl) ad COld When We Went OUt to eat.I(do) my IlOmeWOrk at home tlis tune yesterday.Teny and IliS Wife Were tidying UP their IIeW IlOme busilythe IIght SlIddellly Went out.I WaS about to go OUtdie telephone rang.三完成时L现在完成时构成形式：用法：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作

6、对现在造成的影响或结果，也可表示过去已经开始, 一直延续到现在的动作或状态。常连用的副词或介词短语有：already, just, yet, eve匚 never SO far, recently, smce, lately, OfIate, In die PaSvlaSt few years.SO far, it(turn) the most influential StUdent activity in the WOrlelSinCe then. JK ROWling(become) the most POPUlar Writer among Children in the WOrld易错

7、点：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响 或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经“等词。简而言之，利用过去， 说明现在。ACCOrding to tle IateSt news, Anly,s 17-year-old Clder daughter(accept) by both HarVardand Yale UniVerSityThe PUbliCatiOn Of the book(arouse) a discussion On WhiCh is the better Way Of educa

8、ting,the ChineSe Way Or the AmeriCan way.2) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉 译英时可加“过”，“了“等词。简而言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。LaSt year. I(go) to Germany.I(be) to Beijmg.2. 过去完成时构成形式：用法：表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况，即：过去的过去。常用以下几种方式：a用by/ UP to +过去的时间UP to/ By 2013, about 4000 meetings(take) PlaCe m OVer 50 COli

9、ntrieS tlrouglout the world.b.用Whed before, after等引导的时间状语从句©Wheil I got to die IailWay station, the tram(leave).BefOre I Canle to schl, he(come).C.两个动词动作的先后。Suddenly; he found tlat he(nm) OUt Of salt.NiCk S guests, WhO(Ilear) their COnVeISatioa asked Why they SllOUIdn t buy.过去将来时构成形式：用法：表示以过去的某

10、时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中.All die Other SnldentS WOndered Wllat the boy(do).Olle day, Ile Came UP Witll an Idea that he(PlUCk) UP all OfhiS CrOPS a few inches.语法填空l.It is the fourth time that MIke(travel) to CIima.2. He (not fiish)tle WOrk by tle end OfIaSt montl.3. LiMmg(know) IlinI SmCe then.4.1 (

11、TeCeiVe) a Ietter &om my brother IaSt night.5. We (be ) to LOndOn many times before We Ieft England.6. How Iongyou(Ieanl) EngIiSh by the end Of this ten?7. He IlVe) in this City SmCe he(leae) his hometown.When did he(leae) there?Hethere three years ago.8. HiS father (be) i the Party for years.Wh

12、en he(join) the Party?He (join) the Party m 1996.9. It (Ialll )fbr SUCll a IOilg time!Whenit (ram)?It(rain) 3 hours ago.10.1 (hoe)to be back IaSt night, but I(not CatCh) the train.(二)语态语态有两种：和一般来说，主动语态由主语+谓语+宾语+其他成分构成；主语是动作的执行者：而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，它的结构形式是：如何将主动态变成被动？主语+谓语+宾语结构 一一 宾语提前(若宾语是代词,要将宾格转换成主格。

13、后而相同)加上be动 词的正确形式和该谓语动词的过去分词形式再加上by和主语。即：宾语+be+动词过去分词+by 主语(为主格代词是需要改成宾格).PeOPle SPeak EngliSh all OVer the world.(改成被动)主动形式表被动1.表示'需要“含义的动词，如：need, Want require等做谓语动词时,若主语是物，这些动词 后可接动名词的主动形式表示被动意思。The bike needs/(IePaIr)2. 有一类动词技术及物动词也是不及物动词,旦如果表示主语的内在特征、性质或所处的状态而不是强调动作本身，就用动词的主动形式表被动，且其后常带有副词。

14、这类动词有:SeIL WaSh. write, tear, open, shut, cut, close, IOCk.ThiS Sort Of CIOth(Sen) WeILThiS ChCeSe(CUt) easily.ThC SUPermarket door(ShUt) automaticallySUddenIy the door(open).3. be WOrth doing结构中r用动名词的主动形式表示"某事值得被做蔦be to blame也是主动态 表示“某人应该受到责备：He, not you, is to blameThiS book is WCll WOrth(rea

15、d).4. 在“be + adj."后接不左式的主动形式。5. 不左式和它说修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，如果句子的主语是不左式的逻辑主 语，或在句子中能找到不左式的逻辑主语，则不定式用主动表达被动意思。He has a IOt Of homework(do).I Want SOmethillg(drink).填空1 I( drive ) down to LOndOn When I SUddenly found that I WaS On the WrOng road.2. Silk(become) One Of the Primary goods traded along

16、 the SiIk ROad by about IoO BC.3 In the PaSt few years, China(InakC) great achievements in environment PrOteCtiOn.4. JuSt as I got to the SChOOl gate, I realized I(IeaVe) my book in the Cafe5. It is reported that a SPaCe StatiOn(build) On the moon in the years to COme6. TO my delight, I(ChOOSe) from

17、 hundreds Of applicants to attend the OPCning ceremony.7. The boy ShOUId(PraiSe) for What he has done8. FeStiVaIS and CeIebratiOnS Of all kinds(hold) everywhere SinCe ancient times9. At the end Of the meeting, it WaS announced that an agreement(reach).10. I(read) half Of the EngIiSh novel, and ll tr

18、y to fimsh It at the weekend.()主谓一致概念：主语的单复数决左谓语动词的单复数。结合语法填空只有一般过去时的被动态(WaS/were+过去分词)和过去进行时(WaSzWere+-mg)要注意和'*er的选择,一般过去时和过去完成时不需要考虑主谓一致。EVery day he(Iead) EngIiSh aloud.NOW he(Iead) EngliSh aloud.He(read) EngIiSh for a month.EVery day tle SnldentS(Iead) EnglISh aloud.NOW the SnldentS(Iead) E

19、ngIISh aloud.They(read) EngIiSh for a month主谓一致的三原则语法一致1. and连接不同的人或事做主语时，谓语动词用复数；但如果连接的名词指同一人或物或同一概念时，谓语要用单数。The Singer and dancer(be) going to give US a PerfOrnlanCeThe knife and fork(be) On the table.2. 走语从句的关系词Who, which, that在从句中做主语时,从句的谓语要与先行词的人称数保持一致。Tom. WhO(be) your friend, ShOUId help you.

20、L WhO(be) a teacher, Iike to Play basketball.3. 当名词或主格代词之后有 with, along with, together WitIL as Well as. besides, like, without, except,but, InCIUding介词短语时J谓语动词的数与前面的名词或代词保持一致。The teacher, together With his students,(be) PIanting trees in the street.4. many a, more than One与单数名词组成的短语，谓语用单数。Many a bo

21、y(have) Seen it.MOre than One StUdent(be) required to redo the homework.意义一致原则1. 不定代词all. more, some, any, none做主语时,谓语动词由名词的单复数决走。All Of the apples(be) rotten. All Of the apple(be) rooten2. the rest of. half of. Part of, the InajOrity Of等以及分数、百分数在句子中修饰名词时，谓语与Of后的名词保J寺一致。Half Of the StUdentS(have) fi

22、nished their COmPOSitiOn.HaIf Of the Water(have) been POllUted.3. 集合名词做主语时，强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体成员时谓语动词用复数。常见的集合名词有:public, family, class, CrOWd. audience, team, government, groupHiS family(have) already moved to FranCeHiS family(be) all music members.4. 某些名词如：people, police, CattIe等。形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词用复

23、数。The POIiCe(be) SearChing for a thief.The Cattle( be) eating grass On the hill.5. 不定代词做主语f谓语动词要用单数f如：someone. SOmebOdy SOmetlung. anybody等。SOmeOne(be) asking for you.6. 某些名词如:ClOthes, trousers, shoes, glasses, ShOrtS等，通常只用复数开纟式，但当它们被a Pair Of修饰时,谓语动词用单数。Here(be) a Pair Of ShOeS for you.7. 某些名词以S结尾r

24、如：maths, politics, PhySiCS, news, PlaStiCS等，谓语动词应用单数。PhySiCS(be) a VCry interesting subject.& a number Of pl.作主语时谓语动词用复数，the number Of pl.做主语时谓语动词用单数。A number Of new books(be) On the deskThe number Of StlldentS in your CIaSS(be) 50.9. 单复数同形的名词做主语时其谓语动词由上下文决走,这样的名词有:means, works, deer, fish,sheep

25、, Chinese, JaPaneSe 等。NOt everyr means(be) useful. NOt all means(be) useful.10. 如果主语由形容词(过去分词)"结构充当时谓语动词通常用复数类似的词有IhC brave,die old. the rich, the old .The OId(be) also responsible for OUr SOCiety就近原则1. o etler.or., neither. nor., not.but., not only. but also., Wh已ther.or在句子中连接主语时r谓语动词要和就近的主语保持

26、一致。N&ther you nor I(be) wrong.NOt you but your father(be) to blame.(be) you or he hungry?2. 倒装句中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。There(be) a Pen and SOme books On the deskIn the distance(be) heard the ClaPPing Of hands and the ShOUtS Of the PeOPIe注意：1. 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。BetWeen the two WindOWS(hang)

27、 a PiCtUre2. a (Iarge) quantity Of修饰可数或不可数名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数跟名词相一致。A Iarge quantity Of PeOPle(be) needed herequantities Of后无论接可数或不可数名词谓语动词都用复数。QUantitieS Of food(be) On the table3. 表示数呈的OnC and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是具短语做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half bananas(be) Ieft On the table.4. 书刊、时间、距离、价格、度星衡等的复数名词做主语

28、时,谓语动词用单数。Thirty hears(be) not a IOng time.ROOtS(be) a famous AmeriCan novel.5. every . and every ；each . and each.; no . and no.连接单数名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。EaCh man and each WOman(be) asked to attend.NO SOUnd and no VOiCe(be) heard填空1 BemTeen the two IOWS Of trees (Staild) tle teaching building.2 TlIiS is b

29、ecause two thirds Of the earths SlIrfaCe (be) made UP Of VaSt oceans.3 Tlle total number Of the POPUIatIOn In Chma (be) about 1, 320 million.4. Barbara is easy to recognize as SheS the Only One Of the WOmen WhO (rear) evening dress.5 NOt Only I but also Jane and IVlary (be) tired Ofhafmg One examina

30、tion after aotler.6. Mr.Smith, together With his Wife and daughters, (be) going to ViSit BelJmg next year.7. The famous musician, as WeIl as IliS SnIdelits,(InVite) to Perfbnn at die OPelUng ceremony.8. There(be) a CUP Of tea and SOme apples on the table.9. LiStenmg to music(make) me IeIaXed after a

31、 bust day.附表：时态.语态、主谓一致一览表时态主动态被动态主谓一致第一人称(I)第二人称(YOU)第三人称(hesheIt)复数(we/you/they)一般现在时do/doesis/ am,aredone主 dododoesdo被 ain doneare doneis doneare done一般过didwas/were主did去时done被 WaS doneWere doneWaS doneWere done一般将Will doWill be主Wiil do来时done被WiIl be done现在进isam, areisanr,are主 am doingare domgis d

32、omgare domg行时+ doingbeing被 ain beingare beingis bemg doneare bemg donedonedonedone过去进was/ Werewas/were主 WaS doingWere doingWaS domgWere domg行时+ doingbeing被 WaS bemgWere beingWaS bemgWere being donedonedonedonedone现在完have/hashave/has主 have donehave doneIlaS donehave done成时donebeen done被 have beenhave

33、 beenhas been donehae been donedonedone过去完had donehad been主 had done成时done被 had been done过去将WOUld doWOUld be主WOUld do时done被 WOUld be done不规则动词巧记表AAA型过去式、过去分词与原形一致原形过去式过去分词词义CUtCUtCUt切、割ShUtSIlUtShUt关、闭（门窗）PlItPUtPllt放置IetIetIet让SetSetSet设置IlItIlItlt撞击hurthurthurt受伤；疼痛COStCOStCOSt值钱：花费Iead n:dread re

34、dIead red朗读；阅读AAB型过去式与原形一致beatbeatbeaten击败ABA型过去分词与原形一致nnIanrun跑步；逃跑COmeCameCOme来becomebecamebecome变得：成为ABB型过去式与过去分词一致buyboughtbought买figltfoughtfought打架：打仗tliiiikthoughttlought想：认为SeekSOUglltSOUgilt寻找：探究brmgbrougltbrouglt带来CatChCaUglItCaUgllt抓住：接住teachtaughttauglt教：教书IelldIentIellt借出SendSentSent送：派

35、遣SPendSPentSPent花费（时间、金钱）buildbuiltbuilt建设：建立feelfeltfelt感觉：摸起来IeaVeIeftIeft离开keepkeptkept保持：保留SleePSlePtSlePt睡觉OverSIeePOVelSIePtOVelSIePt睡过头SweePSWePtSWePt打扫mean nii:nmeant metmeant ment意思是IeanlIeamt / IeamedIeanIt .learned学：学会bumburnt / burnedburnt / burned燃烧:烧伤hear hiEheard liE:dheard liE:d听见IeadIedIed领导：致使misleadIIIISIedmisled把引错方向feedfedfed喂养：喂食fleefledfled逃跑meetmetmet遇见：碰到ShOOtSllOtShOt射击IIghtIlt / IIglItedIit / IIghted点燃getgotgot获得：得到WiilWonVtrOn获胜：赢得SitSatSat坐下digdugdu