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1、1 英语时间状语从句讲解 (一) when, while 和 as 引导时间状语从句的用法 一、 when 的用法 如果只从现象来看, when 从句用的最多的是一般过去时,而主句的时态没有限制 , 根据具体情况而定。 1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 3. Were you writi ng whe n the teacher came in?老师进来的时候,你在写信吗? 4. Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对不起,你打电话来的时候我出去了。 when 从句的重点不

2、在动作本身发生的状态,而只是把它作为一个时间点,所以 when 多数情况下用的是一般过去时,则不用正在进行时。因为如果用正在进行时,它 表示的就是一段时间而不是一个时间点了。根据这一点,有的文章补充说: when 从句 的动词大多是瞬时动词。这种说法也可以参照。 实际上, when 从句也可以有其它的时态,但几乎也不用进行时,因为它也只是作 为一个时间参照点。例如: 2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest. 3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a g

3、ood one already? 二、while 的用法 相比于 when 来说, while 从句的侧重点就不一样了。 while 从句的侧重点在于描 述动作正在发生的状态,它的意思是:当 while 事件正在发生的时候,另一件事如何如 何。所以, while 从句一般用的是正在进行时。而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求,根 据具体情况而定。例如: 1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 3.

4、 While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候,上课铃响了。 从时间的角度来看, while 表示的是一段时间, 是一个过程。这是 while 的侧重点。 因此,如果含有 “一段时间 ”的含义的时候,就可以用 while。 6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 这句话中,是说趁着铁是热的这段时间,赶紧打铁。如果换成 when 意思就变了, 相当于说铁只热了一下,打一下,然后铁就冷了。这显然不符合文意。 再例: Im going to the post office. While youre there

5、, can you get me some stamps? 三、 as 的用法 as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生,另一件事也正在进行当中。但与 while 从 句不同的是, as 从句用的一般不用正在进行时,而只是一般过去时。 as 从句一般可以 翻译成边边”。例如: 1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks. 2. The stude nts took n otes as they liste nec 学生们边听课边做笔记。 3. As we talked on, he got more and mor

6、e excited. as 表达的事件, 往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时, as 只是一个次要的时间说 明,不像 while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此, as 常常翻译成 “随着” 之意。 例如: 1. As the time went on, the weather got worse. 随着时间的推移,气候更加糟糕。 2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases. 2 3. As years go by,China is getting stronger and richer.

7、少数情况下,如果强调动作正在发生, as 从句也可以用正在进行时。这只能算是 特例了。 1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying. 2. As we were going out, it began to snow. 正当我们出门时,雪开始下起来。 3. He came in as I was going to bed.我正要上床睡觉,他进来了。 四、 when, while, as 的互换 如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生,并且从句动作为延续性动词时, when, while, as 可以互换使用。 1.

8、 When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in. dance 为延续性动词 2. Whe n /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writ ing a letter. make 为延续 五、 比较 while, when, as 1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。 例如: Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用 when 引导这个从句,不

9、可用 as 或 while。例如: When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3)从句表示 随时间推移”连词能用 as,不用 when 或 while。 例如: As the day went on, the weather got worse. (二) before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句 1. Before 是主句动作发生在从句的前面。注意 before 引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语, 并且当 before 引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才” 。还要注意主句和从句 之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时,从句总

10、是用现在时;如果 before 引导的从句谓 语用的是过去时,则主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。 2. After 表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与 before 引导的从句相反。例如: It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。 After we had finished the work, we went home.(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时) (三) 比较 until 和 till 的用法 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是 “做某事直至某时 ”,动词必

11、须是延续 性的。否定形式表达的意思是 “直至某时才做某事 ”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。 肯定句: I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。 (在肯定句中可用 before 代替。例如:Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets. 否定句: She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到 6 点才到。 Dont get off the bus until it has

12、 stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 (四) 区别: 1) until 可用于句首,而 till 通常不用于句首。 例如: Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 3) until when 疑问句中, until 要放在句首。例如: -Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候? - Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。 注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。 3 4) Not until 在句首,主句用倒装。 例如: Not until the early years of

13、 the 19th century did man know what heat is. Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 5) It is not until that . 例如:It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. (四) 巧辨 before 和 until 在日常英语教学中,我们遇到学生问这样的一些问题: 1. He will spend six hours at his

14、desk _ he finishes his composition. A.before B.until C.after D.when 2. The bike hit the tree _ I could get off. A.when B.before C.while D.until 3.I knocked at the door for more than five minutes _ Mrs white answered it. A.until B.when C.after D.before 4.It was _ yesterday _ be _ the secret. A.not un

15、til;that;knew B.until;when;knew C.not before;that;found D.before;that;didnt find 怎样才能清楚地解释其选择的原因,这就涉及到 until 与 before 的区别问题。 实际上,只要我们把握住两者使用时本身的含义及主句动词是终止性的,还是延续 性的,肯定式,还是否定式两大点,就能容易地解决这类问题。现详细阐明如下: 一、 在下列情况下,两者可互换用,但含义略有不同。 before 表示 在 之前”的 意思,强 调时间先后关系; 而 until 表示“直到 才”的意思, 主句是肯定句则表示 主句动作的终止时间;主句是

16、否定句则强调主句动作的起始时间。 1. 主句为否定式终止性谓语动词。常见的动词是 open,start,leave,arrive,finish, stop 等。例如: (1) The noise of the street didnt stop until/before it was midnight. (2) The children wont come back until/before it is dark. (3) I didnt leave the lovely boy until/before his mother came home. 2. 主句为肯定式、延续性谓语词,这类动词用

17、 sta nd,stay,talk,be,wait 等。例如: (1) He lived with his parents until/before he graduated from school. (2) I will wait until/before he comes to my help. (3) I shall stay heer until/before you come back. 二、 在下列情况下,用 before 不用 until。 1. 主句这肯定式、终止性谓语动词,只用 before。例: (1) He fell asleep before I could take

18、off his clothes. (2) We arrived there before it atarted to rain. 2. 主句谓语动词强调动词的迟缓性,只用 before,常伴有时间段状语或时间段暗 示。例: (1) It was quite some time before he found the elephant at all. (2) We had walked a long way before we found some water. 4 3. 如果强调从句谓语动作未发生, 就发生主句谓语动作, 只用 beforeo 常译为朱 及”不”或不等就”例: (1) We c

19、an leave early in the morning before it gets too hot. (2) I must write it down before I forget it. (3) We do want to buy something now before prices go up. 4. . 表 与其说 . 倒不如” 与其 毋宁 ”只用 before。例: (1)I would give up my job before Id agree to be dismissed. (2)He will die of hunger before he will steal.

20、5. 在某些特定句型中用 before。例如: (1) It was not long before the whole country rose up. (2) It will probably not be long before they understand each other. 三、下列情况一般区别用 until 。 1. 主句是持续性谓语动词时,肯定、否定都可以,但意义完全不同。肯定表动作 终止,而否定表动作开始。例如: (1) We discussed the problem until/before he came back. (2) We didnt discuss the

21、 problem until he came back. 2. notuntil 句型尽管在某些情况下可与 before 互换用,但在强调句中一般仍用 until 。 (1) It was not until he told me that I knew it. (2) It was not until he finished his homework that he went home. 综上所述,前面的 4 条选择题中,第 1、3 题强调动作发生的迟缓性应选 before。 第 2 题表动作未及发生就发生主句动作也应选 before。第 4 题为强调句应选 A 项。 (五) 其他时间状语从

22、句的用法 1. 由 si nee 引导的时间状语从句。 since 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下, 从句谓语动词用一般过去时, 而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。 但在 It is 时间 sinee 从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。例如: I have been in Beijing sinee you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。 It is five mon ths since our boss was in Beiji ng 我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 知识扩展 1. It is si nee 从。以来多长时间了(因为 since +从句或名词,表示一段时间) It is five years since we met last time 从 我们上次见面已经五年了。 2. It is +before(。才) It was a long time before I went to sleep again. It was an

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