Lecture 6 Omission

1、Course Name: TranslationLecturer: XU Rui6.1 省略代词6.2 省略it6.3 省略连词 6.4 省略冠词6.5 省略介词省略：原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的。目的：使译文简洁，符合汉语的表达习惯注意：省略不能破坏原文的思想内容。6.1.1 省略作主语的人称代词6.1.2 省略泛指的人称代词6.1.3 省略作宾语的人称代词6.1.4 省略物主代词根据汉语习惯，前句出现一个主语，后句如仍为同一主语，就不必重复出现。英语中通常每句都有主语，因此人称代词做主语往往多次出现，这种人称代词汉译时常常可以省略。但

2、省去的人称代词在意思上仍明显地包含在译文里。 lBut its the way I am, and try as I might, I havent been able to change it. l不过我就是这个脾气，虽然竭力想改，终究还是改不了。lHe was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.l他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。lHe was well-favoured, bright, a good dancer, a fair shot and a fine tennis player. He was an asset at any pa

3、rty. He was lavish with flowers and expensive boxes of chocolate, and though he entertained little, when he did it was with an originality that pleased.l他很聪明，舞跳得不错，枪打得也可以，网球也打得挺好，深得（女孩子）喜爱。他是宴会中的宝贝儿，任意购买鲜花和高价巧克力送人。尽管他不大请客，请起来也别有一番创意，让人开心不已。lAs I lay awake, I realized that I was in trouble.l我醒来，发现自己躺

4、在地上，明白自己的处境不妙。lYou can never tell.l 很难说。lWe eat to live, but not live to eat.l吃饭是为了活着，可活着不是为了吃饭。lWe live and learn.l活到老，学到老。lThey say its so.l据说是这样。lHe who has never reached the Great Wall is not a true man.l不到长城非好汉。lOne can never be too careful in ones work.l工作越仔细越好。lFight when you can win; move aw

5、ay when you cannot win.l打得赢就打，打不赢就走。The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attain.人生的意义不在于已获取的，而在于渴望获得什么样的东西。英语中有些作宾语的代词，不管前面是否提到过，翻译时往往都可以省略。Ive received your letter and read it with delight.我收到了你的来信，愉快地读了。If you have read these stories, tell them in your

6、 own words.如果你已读过这些故事，用你自己的话讲出来。英语句子里的物主代词出现的频率很高。一个句子中往往会出现好几个物主代词。如果没有出现其他人称的物主代词，翻译时物主代词大多省略。如: I wash my hands before having my lunch.“我吃午餐前洗手”，不说“我吃我的午餐前洗我的手”。He entered the room, his coat covered with snow and his nose red with cold.他进了屋，大衣上满是雪，鼻子冻得通红。All the fellows gathered around, stretchin

7、g their necks like geese. 所有的人都聚拢来，像鹅一样伸长脖子。lHer dark hair waved untidy across her broad forehead, her face was short, her upper lip short, showing a glint of teeth, her brows were straight and dark, her lashes long and dark, her nose straight.l她的黑发蓬蓬松松地飘拂在前额上，脸是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排闪亮的牙齿，眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑，鼻

8、子笔直。6.2.1 非人称用的it6.2.2 强调句型用itlIt was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate.l她关上园门时，已是暮色苍茫了。lOutside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.l外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。lIt was only then that I began to have doubts whether my story would ever be told.l直到那时我才开始怀疑，我的经历究竟能不能公诸于众。lIt is only shallo

9、w people who judge by appearances.l只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。英语中连词比汉语多，而且用得也比汉语广泛。英语句子:短语与短语、句子与句子之间多采用形合法，即要求结构上的完整。汉语句子:结构一般都按时间顺序和逻辑关系排列，语序固定、关系明确，不需要太多的连词来表示相互之间的关系。英译汉时，连词在很多情况下可以不译。lThe door was opened, and they came in.l门开了，他们走了进来。lYour parents or your wife or your son or your best friends might be expect

10、ing you back home safe and sound.l也许你的父母，妻儿，或者你最好的朋友都在盼望你平安回家呢。 （1）省略表示原因的连接词英语因果句中一般用连接词表示原因，而汉语往往通过词序先后来表示因果关系，“因”在前，“果”在后。因此，英译汉时往往可以把原文中的连接词省掉不译。lI knew the train was coming as I had seen the passengers swarm into the platform.l我看到乘客们涌上站台，知道火车就要进站了。（2）省略表示条件的连接词表示条件的连接词if，一般译为“假如、如果”等，但在日常口语体系结构

11、中，往往可以省略不译。lIf winter comes, can spring be far behind?l冬天来了，春天还会远吗？（雪莱西风颂）lI would not have said it if I had known it.l早知如此我就不说了。（3）省略表示时间的连接词 表示时间关系的when和as 等连接词，汉译时一般用“当时”，或仅用“时”。但如果汉语时间先后次序明显，为了简略起见，“当时”或“时”往往可以省略。lWhen the board was spinning slowly, you could see all the different colors.l纸板慢慢旋转

12、，你就能看出各种不同的颜色。lAs the temperature increases, the volume of water becomes greater.l温度增高，水的体积就增大。lAt long last, on June 6, 1944, after the European war was basically decided and Hitler licked, the allies launched their long-delayed western front.l1944年6月6日，欧洲战局基本已见分晓，希特勒败局已定，盟军终于在这一天开辟了延迟了很久的西线战场。冠词是汉

13、语所没有的词类。汉译时往往要斟酌，是否把冠词的意思译出来。除了带有明显指示意义的定冠词和含有明显的“一个”或“每一个”意思的不定冠词不能省略外，其它情况一般可以不译。lAny substance is made of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid, or a gas.l任何物质，不论是固体、液体或气体，都由原子构成。（类别）lThe moon was slowly rising above the sea.l月亮从海上冉冉升起。（独一无二的事物）lWhen I got to the cinema, the film had already begu

14、n.l我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。（特指）lShe stared at me without saying a word.l她一句话不说地瞪着我。（不定冠词a或an 指“一”时，不能省略）lThe taxi driver said that he was getting a pound a mile.l出租汽车司机说他（开车）每开一英里可赚一英镑。（不定冠词a或 an 指“每一”时不能省略）表示时间和地点的介词短语在翻译成汉语时，如果能够放在句首，介词往往可以省略；如果只能放在句末，就不能省略。lThe Communist Party of China was founded in 1921

15、.l按英语语序可以译成：中国共产党成立于1921年。l若将时间状语前置，可将介词in 省略，即：1921年中国共产党成立。lThe battle began at 11:00 p.m.l夜晚11点战役打响了。（比较：战役在夜晚11点打响。）lAn ancient castle stood on the edge of the cliff.l悬崖边矗立着一座古堡。（比较：一座古堡矗立在悬崖边。）lSmoking is prohibited in public places.l公共场所禁止吸烟。lNow complaints are heard in all parts of that count

16、ry.l该国各地怨声载道。lRumours had already spread along the streets and lanes.l各种流言传遍了大街小巷。注意：虽然引导地点状语的英语介词在译文句首往往可以省略，但放在动词后却一般不省略，如：lShe stood by the table.l她站在桌旁。lHe sat behind the door. l他坐在门后。1. We have made much progress in pronunciation.2. Trees grow along both banks of the canal.3. A soldier should b

17、e loyal to his country.4. Sunday is the day when I am least busy.5. Because the departure was not easy, wed better make it brief.6. For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its rooms, its electric wiring, its path and its garden.1. We have made much progress in pronunciation.l我们的发音有很大进步。2. Trees grow along both banks of the canal.l运河两岸长着树木。3. A soldier should be loyal to his country.l士兵应该效忠祖国。4. Sunday