十大逻辑关系关联词总结(2)

1、.完型文章中常见的上下文（句）逻辑关系并列关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语and, and also, or, neither nor,either or,not only but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same as;递进关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语also, then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more; indeed;因果关系

2、 & 部分常用标志词和短语because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so .that, such .that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason;转折关系 & 部分常用标志词和

3、短语but, however, yet, contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately;让步关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语although, though, even though, even if, even, nevertheless, despite, in spite of; regardless of; anyway, anyhow列举（顺序）关系& 部分常用标志词和短语firstsecondlast of all, in the first placein the

4、 second placefinally, to begin with to continue, first then, on one hand on the other hand, for one thing for another, one another, some others still others;对比关系& 部分常用标志词和短语while, whereas, as, / rather than, instead of, not . but;时间关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语when, whenever, before, after, since, as, whi

5、le, until, till, simultaneously, meanwhile, in the meantime, at the same time;条件关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语if, only if, if only, unless, otherwise, as soon as, as long as, in case, suppose that, supposing that, provided that, providing that, when, whenever, with;举例关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语such as, for example, fo

6、r instance, of (these, those, them), among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely;'.关联词运用实例说明1表示举例说明a case in point, after all, as a proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just a

7、s, namely, such, specifically, that is, to illustrate, to demonstratea) Many southern cities are growing above the national average Atlanta is a case in point.b) The news about calcium and kidney stones is a case in point.c) Prisoners should be treated with respect they are human beings after all.d)

8、 These are, after all, very familiar species.e) It's extremely expensive to live in New York. For example, I pay $1, 250 for aone-bedroom apartment.f) Many countries, for example Mexico and Japan, have a lot of earthquakes.g) Old English was in many ways similar to Modern German. For instance, t

9、he nouns,adjectives, and verbs were highly inflected.h) We need to rethink the way we consume energy. Take, for instance, our approach to transport.i) Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months.j) His last album sold half a million copies and we hope this one will be just as (=equa

10、lly)popular.k) One of the most important stages has yet to be started, namely beginning to fit the person into their new job.1) The issues are in two main clusters, namely the safety and the pricing and procurement of drugs.m) The rules make it quite clear what should be done in such a situation.n)

11、We're talking about money specifically, the money we need to repair our schools.o) One solution would be to change the shape of the screen, that is, to make it wider.2表示增补意义additionally, again, along with, also, and, and then, as well as, besides, equally, even, further, furthermore, in addition

12、, in other words, just as, likewise, moreover, not only.but also, similarly, to put it another way, to repeat, then, too, what's morea) They may also additionally represent much more; they may indeed have a highly integrating social function.b) And again, these workshops will benefit the communi

13、ty considerably.c) Dunne was murdered, along with three guards.d) Sugar is bad for your teeth. It can also contribute to heart disease.e) This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.f) Fry the onions gently, and then add the meat and cook for a few min

14、utes.g) The organization gives help and support to people in need, as well as raising money forlocal charities.h) People choose jobs for other reasons besides money.i) We want the economy to grow, but equally we want low inflation.j) It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-bud

15、get" doesn't have to mean "bad. "k) The majorityof Americans increased their wealth in the past decade. Furthermore, the'.gains were substantial.l) A new security system was installed. In addition, extra guards were hired.m) The company provides cheap Internet access. In addit

16、ion, it makes shareware freelyavailable.n) The tax only affects people on incomes over $200, 000 in other words, the very rich.o) The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.p) Using language is a very complex enterprise. Moreover, there is more to communicationthan merely putting

17、 sentences together.q) The system was not only complicated but also ineffective.r) The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices havefallen quite considerably.s) Money makes money. To put it another way, the more you invest, the greater your potential profit wil

18、l be.t) The problem demands a global solution. To put it another way, local regulations will have very little effect.u) First you need to collect all the information and make detailed notes. Then you can start to actually write your essay.v) Think about what you owe, too, in terms of mortgages, cred

19、it cards, loans or hire purchase.w) Gas is a very efficient fuel. And what' s more, it's clean.3表示强调above all, anyway, as a matter of fact, certainly, indeed, in fact, in particular, most important, obviously, of course, surely, to be sure, truly, undoubtedly, without doubta) Although it is

20、somewhat limited in its applications it is easy to operate and above all it isfun.b) He got lost and spent hours looking for the station, and anyway it was past midnight by the time he got home.c) And, as a matter of fact, the U. S. Golf Association was delighted.d) Books and people certainly affect

21、ed him.e) Most of the essays were very good indeed.f) Her teachers said she was a slow learner, whereas in fact she was partially deaf.g) Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months.h) But the reverse is true when an attorney represents a person who is obviously guilty or whose guil

22、t is widely perceived.i) This is very obviously the approach of some one writing exclusively and specifically for the young.j) Of course there will be some difficult times ahead.k) If a sign were needed that the Internet has become a real market, the arrival of taxavoidance is surely it.l) Throwing

23、money at the problem is surely not the way to convince people of sincerity.m) It was difficult, to be sure, but somehow we managed to finish the job.n) If we truly believe we can win, then we have a very good chance at doing it.o) Undoubtedly, public interest in folk music has declined.p) Sally was

24、without doubt one of the finest swimmers in the school.10表示顺序'.and, besides, finally, first, firstly, further, in the first place, last, next, second, secondly, third, thirdly, to begin with, to start with,a) It also assigned staff people to work with individual companies that wanted to launch a

25、 program.b) This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.c) You need to know what tights you have and how to use them.d) Besides going to aerobics twice a week, she tides horses on Saturdays.e) And finally, I' d like to thank the crew.f) First, I

26、9;d like to thank everyone for coming.g) The application of the five stages to the task illustrated would involve, firstly, thedefinition of the task.h) It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-budget" doesn't have to mean "bad. "i) And there i. s the questio

27、n of the relevance of the trading of information in the first place.j) Connect the red wires first and the black ones last.k) First you need to select the text you want to move. Next, click on the "Move" command atthe top of the screen.l) But, second, in the vast majority of markets, effic

28、ient production can be attained with a high degree of competition.m) The more you practise the better you will become at selecting historical information to suit firstly your essay and secondly your argument.n) To begin with, much of this new housing is not affordable.o) I' m not going to Vegas.

29、 To start with, I don' t like gambling, and I also can' t get time offwork.3、观点转折，反面论证4表示对比或对照by contrast, but, conversely, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, unlike, whereas, while, yeta) The birth rate for older women has declined, but, by contrast, births

30、 to teenage mothers have increased.b) The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but to provide work for young people.c) American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs.d) Scandinavian cruises are very popular in the summer; conversely, the Carib bean is

31、mostpopular in the winter.e) The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.f) Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased.g) It wasn't a good thing; on the contrary it was a huge mistake.h) Nuclear power is relatively cheap. On the other hand, you could

32、 argue that it's not safe.i) It is equally vital that both should be mentioned, otherwise a client, particularly a buyer,could be seriously misled.j) Unlike most people in the office, I don't come to work by car.k) A bowl of instant oatmeal costs about $1. 5, whereas regular oatmeal costs on

33、ly $0. 5 per'.bowl.l) The old system was fairly complicated whereas the new system is really very simple.m) Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, while those in the south are relativelypoor.n) Last summer there was a drought, yet some people were still watering their lawns everyday.5表

34、示比较by comparison, equally, equally important, in comparison, in the same way, in the same manner, like, likewise, similarlya) After months of living in a tropical climate, Spain seemed cool by comparison.b) By comparison with other European countries, car prices in the UK are very high.c) Even when

35、the correct word was given a high probability, there were many other wordswith an equally high probability.d) Many business people do not know what sexual harassment is. Equally important, they do not know how to prevent it.e) an extremely unpleasant disease which is, however, easy to treatf) Cotton

36、 production was on the increase. However, it was still a small industry compared tohemp and canvas production.g) The deaf children of hearing parents are almost normal in comparison, having everything except language experience.h) There is often stronger social control evident in the socialisation o

37、f girls in comparison to boys.i) Good management accounts separate the well-organised from the rest but are not vital in the same way.j) I don't want him treating me like Jim treated me.k) The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.l) The cost of food and clothing has come do

38、wn in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices havefallen quite considerably.6表示让步admittedly, after all, all the same, although, certainly, clearly, even so, it is true (that), in spite of, nevertheless, of course, still, truea) The technique is painful, admittedly, but it benefits the patient greatly.b

39、) Printing and presentation should be as attractive as possible after all the library is an attractive place, isn't it?c) I realise she can be very annoying, but I think you should apologise all the same.d) We decided to take rooms in Longwood House, although we knew we could not reallyafford th

40、e rent.e) We are not especially well-treated, certainly not as well as the locals.f) Clearly, the racial problems in America have no easy answers.g) The fines for speeding are large, but even so, they are not always a deterrent.h) And it is true that after his death she ceased to exist for the world

41、 beyond the farm.i) But in spite of the hardships, real efforts and progress are being made.j) A false belief may nevertheless be justified.k) Though employment growth is down, the area is still attracting health care, high tech,'.banking and sports-related industries.8表示转折although, but, despite

42、, except for, though, however, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, otherwise, rather than, though, yeta) You can copy down my answers, although I'm not sure if they're right.b) In the US it is normal for the police to carry guns, but not in Britain.c) Despite international

43、 pressure, progress has slowed in the peace talks.d) Pen Pros: Except for personal letters, handwritten notes are withering into extinction.e) The rooms, though small, were pleasant and airy.f) This is a cheap and simple process. However there are dangers.g) In spite of her success, Spencer continue

44、s to get depressed.h) Cardew did not join the navy. Instead, he decided to join the theater and become an actor.i) Thus we can talk of a local government system which is different from a centralgovernment system but nevertheless interacts with it.j) Reintroduction of food after elemental regimens mu

45、st nevertheless be undertaken with the greatest of care irrespective of whether or not elimination diets are used.k) The hamburger was tough and overcooked. The fries, on the other hand, were terrific, and well worth the money.l) Stir the sauce until it cools, otherwise it will be lumpy.m) It presum

46、es that reality is dynamic rather than static, and therefore seeks relationshipsbetween ideas, to aim at synthesis.n) There is no important theory-based reason why these countries rather than others were selected.o) The offenders were dealt with firmly though fairly.p) They charge incredibly high pr

47、ices, yet customers keep coming back for more.4、文章结尾，归纳结论7表示结果accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in this way, so, therefore, thusa) Some of the laws were contradictory. Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them.b) As many as 2, 500 people died as a result of the earthquake and the