宾语从句和定语从句讲解

1、宾语从句和定语从句讲解(一)that引导的宾语从句宾语从句的弓I导连词有that, who, whose, what, which, 副词 when, where, how, why, whether,if可以跟 that 从句做宾语的动词有：say, think ,wish, hope, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe,agree.1、在学习宾语从句的时候要知道宾语从句的构成Iheardthat he would come here later on.主语谓语动词引导词一个句子作宾语2、要注意在宾语从句中主句与从句的时态要呼应(a)当主句用一般现在时，

2、从句要根据实际情况，选择时态例如：I believe (that ) you did your best for that.I believe (that ) you will do your best for that.(b)当主句的时态用一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态(过去时代包括，过去进行时，一般过去时，过去将来时，过去完成时等过去时态)例如：I hear that he will come here later on .I heard | that he would come here later on.I can ' t tell him that his mother

3、died.(c)当主句的时态用的是过去时态，但是从句的内容是对客观事情的叙述，从句依然用一般现在时态。例如： My teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.That引导的定语从句和that引导的宾语从句的区别定语从句在句中作主句的定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词。我们今天要学习的时由关系代词that来引导的定语从句一，that在定语从句中既可指代人也可指代物。先行词是人或者物时，可以用that来引导如： Have you seen the woman that is wearing red coa

4、tHe found the girl that we' re looking for.Please show me the photo that you like best.关系代词that在从句中可充当主语或者是宾语，在当关系代词在句中充当定语从句的宾语时，常常省略。He found the girl (that ) we are looking for.1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. Th

5、e magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam. They dony hai rdt stud5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.That引导的宾语从句He promised that h

6、e would never make that mistake againWe all believe the promise that he made to us宾语从句中that为连词，不充当任何成分，可以省略，充当宾语时可以省略定语从句中that为关系代词，充当从句的主语或者是宾语选择填空：1. The manvisited our school yesterday is from London.A. that B. which C. whomD. when2. The woman is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whose

7、B. that C. whom D. which3. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera he lostlast week.A. which B. thatC. whomD. as4. Where is the man I met this morningA. when B. where C. which D. /5. The doctor is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the n

8、urse is talkingC. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking6. The man around our school is from America.A. which you showed B. you showed himC. you showedD. where you showed7. Have you read the book I lent to youA. that B. whom C. when D. whose8. Jack is pleased with you have given him and

9、 all you have told him.A. that, what B. what, that C. which, whatD. that, which9. He found the book is about Australia is very interestingA what, when B that, where C that, / D /, that10. I am very happy I was chosen to represent our school to take part in thecompetitionA. whatB whyC whichD that注意！

10、宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that 引，一般疑问句用 if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg, I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei .注意：一般情况下，whether 和 if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用 if eg, We are talking

11、 about whetherwe'll go on the picnic.b. 引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时，只用 whether. eg, Please let me knowwhat to do next. Could you tell me whether you go or notc. if 当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。. Could you tell me what's the matterwrong with you特殊情况当 do you think 后接特

12、殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词do you think 陈述句语序。人称的变化和标点的使用a. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： “ May I use your knife ” He asked me.fHeasked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number " He asked me. f He asked me if I know her telephone number.b. 宾语从句的标

13、点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk I don?t know.f I don?t know who will give us a talk.Do you know Where does he live f Do you know where he lives巩固练习1. Have you decided for AustraliaA. when will you leave B. when do you leave C. you will leave when D. when you will leave2. Can

14、you tell me A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3. The old man asked me .二，定语从句定义：在复合句中，修饰某一 名词 或代词 的从句叫做定语从句。如：1) The manwho lives next to us is a policeman.2) You must do everythingthat I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句 放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有 关系代词

15、that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关 系副词 where, when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分关系代词引导的定语从句指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boyswho are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old manwho lost his way.如果先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody 代词应该用who 或 whom. 例

16、：Is there anyone here who will go with you2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当 宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用 who代替，可省略。(2) The manwho/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a gamewhich is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主

17、语)(2) This is the pen(which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于 who或者whom ；指物时，相当于 which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) The peoplethat/who come to visit the city are all here.衽句子中做主语)(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning 依句子中做宾语)具体使用时还要注意下列问题 ：1,只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是 al

18、l, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：All that he said is true.先行t被 only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book(that) I have rea

19、d this year.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物 时。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2,只用which不用that的情况：(3)非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省 略。例如： The boy, who is good at soccer, comes from Xinjiang.That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引

20、导词和先行 词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理 史密斯去年退休 了，他曾经是我的老师。(非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to yo遨里有人要和你说话 (限带U性) (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句， 代替主句所 表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语 或表语，多数情况下意思是与 and this相似，并可以指人。例如：He did

21、very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5)如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friendwhose father is a doctor.(2) I lived in a housewhose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroomwhose door is broken will soon b

22、e repaired.=The classroomthe door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow=Do you like the bookthe color of which is yellow6. when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：I ' ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7

23、. where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city8. "介词+关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构。(1)"介词+关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从 句。"介词+关系代词”结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用t

24、hat 。例:Is that the house in which you live ?关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放 于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the roomwhich we had lived in for ten years. 像 listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中

25、一般不宜将介词与 动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of. 及时巩固：一，请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1. Check the ways you study for an English test.2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.3. You couldn ' t understand people who talked fast.4. I have some ideas that may help.5.

26、 They said something you didn ' t like.6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently8. He would always take pride in everything good I do.9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.10. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey12. If you know anyone el

27、se who collects them, please tell me.13. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries.14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them.15. All I ever wanted to do was traveling.二、用关系代词填空：that 、 which 、 who、 whom 、 whose1. This is the man wants

28、 to see you.2. The student answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man you went to see has come.4. The man I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman you saw is our geography teacher.6. The runner you are asking about is over there.7. The person you should write to is Mr. Ball.8. The man was

29、passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen you lost the day before yesterday.10. These books you lent me were very useful.11. The storybook I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. A clock is a machine tells people the time.13. This is shirt I bought yesterday.14. A dictionary is a book gives the meaning to the word.15. The book is on the table is mine.16. The film they are talking about is very interesting.17. I will never forget the people and the places I have ever visited.18. Is there