International_trade_terms 第一节课 Introduction

1、1国际贸易国际贸易术术语概论语概论International Trade Terms2Course DscriptionnThis course serves as an introduction to the INCOTERMS. The study of its structure, and the essential meaning of terms. Finally, know how to use various trade terms in international trade.3Required Course Texts and SuppiesnINCOTERMS 2000nI

2、NCOTERMS 2010n冷柏军，周婷编著：国际贸易术语，首都经济贸易大学出版社4Course Policiesnkeep up with the readingnbe active in class discussionnfinish the homework5Quesitionsn 1. What are trade terms?n 2. Why should trade terms be used in international6OverviewnIn international trade, it is of great importance to determine the re

3、sponsibilities and obligations of both the seller and buyer. In order to make definite the obligations, risks and expenses of the two parties in the transfer of the goods, the buyer and seller, during business negotiation, must adopt a certain trade term, which is a indispensable part of the contrac

4、t for the international sale of goods, because trade terms are directly related to the prices of goods. Therefore, it is essential for the people engaged in international trade to have a good knowledge of the trade terms that are in universal use in international trade and relevant international tra

5、de conventions so that they can choose them to their own advantage. 7The definition of trade termsnTrade terms, also referred to as “price terms” or “delivery terms”, define the obligations of the buyer and the seller as regards the point of delivery, procurement of transport documents, contract of

6、insurance, and other documents necessary for the export and import of the goods. 8International Trade Termsn Key elements of a sales contract:n delivery terms (carriage of the goods from the seller to the buyer and division of costs and risks between the parties) ;n price terms (stipulating what are

7、 included in the price the buyer paid to the seller, e.g. cost, freight, insurance, export and import clearance fees, etc. ) ;n delivery obligations (what documents should the seller provide, e.g. bill of lading, insurance policy, etc. ). 9Components of Trade Terms: price Type of currency Price per

8、unit Unit price Measurement unit Trade termPrice term Total price 750 per M/T CIF London type of currency price per unit measurement unit trade term10 贸易术语又称价格术语、价格条件、交货条件，是在长期的国贸实践中产生的，是用来表示构成，说明问题的专门用语，通常以缩写的字母或文字表示。 fg.USD 1000 per M/T CIF London 例：每公吨1000美元CIF伦敦。 A unit price is composed of four

9、 parts:currency unit,unit price figure,measurement unit and delivery term. 国际贸易的对外报价（单价）必须由四项内容组成，即计价货币计价货币、单价金额单价金额、计量单位计量单位、贸易术语贸易术语。 11Role of international trade termsnNaming the exact point at which the ownership of the merchandise is transferred from the seller to the buyer.nDefining the respo

10、nsibilities and expenses of both the seller and the buyer.nSimplifying negotiationsnSaving time and cost12Responsibilities and expenses Responsibilities include:nCarrying out customs formalities for the goodsnObtaining the import or export licensenChartering a ship or booking shipping spacenMaking i

11、nsurancenAsking for inspection Expenses comprise:nFreightnLoading and unloading expensesnInsurance premiumnWarehouse chargesnDuties and taxesnMiscellaneous expenses13History of IncontermsnWarsaw-Oxford Rules 1932nRevised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941nInternational Rules for the Interpretat

12、ion of Trade Terms14Warsaw Oxford Rules 1932nWarsaw Rules 1928 Contains 22 clauses concerning CIF contractsnWarsaw Rules 1932 Based on Warsaw Rules 1928, contains 21 clauses concerning the nature, risks and expenses borne by both the seller and the buyer. Still in use.15Revised American Foreign Trad

13、e Definitions 1941nOriginally The US Export Quotations and Abbreviations 1919 nRevised and renamed in 1941nSix trade terms: Ex Port of Origin, Ex Dock, Free on Board, Free Along Side, Cost & Freight, Cost, Insurance and Freight.nApplicable in the USA, Canada and other countries in America.1617In

14、ternational Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 2000 (Incoterms 2000)u comprising 13 different terms, fitting different situations and depending on how the parties wish to divide their responsibilities. u 4 categories:l Group E term : 1l Group F terms: 3l Group C terms: 4l Group D terms: 518

15、3.International rule for the interpretation of trade terms2000年国际贸易术语解释通则（1）Orgnization of Incoterms(Incoterms is the short form of International Commercial Terms) The “E” team/ Group E(EXW) The “F” teams/Group F(FCA,FAS and FOB) 。 The “C” teams/Group C(CFR,CIF,CPT and CIP) 。The seller has to contra

16、ct for carriage, but without assuming the risk of loss or damage to the goods or additional costs due to events occurring after shipment or dispatch. The “D” teams/Group D(DAF,DES,DEQ,DDU and DDP) 。The seller has to bear all costs and risks needed to bring the goods to the place of destination. 19E组

17、组发货（启运）发货（启运）EXW Ex Works工厂交货工厂交货F组组主运费未付主运费未付 装运合同装运合同FCA Free CarrierFAS Free Alongside ShipFOB Free On Board货交承运人货交承运人装运港船边交货装运港船边交货装运港船上交货装运港船上交货 C组组主运费已付主运费已付装运合同装运合同CFR Cost and FreightCIF Cost Insurance and FreightCPT Carriage Paid ToCIP Carriage Insurance Paid To成本加运费成本加运费成本保险费加运费成本保险费加运费运费付

18、至运费付至运费保险费付至运费保险费付至 D组组到货（到达）到货（到达）DAF Delivered At FrontierDES Delivered Ex ShipDEQ Delivered Ex QuayDDU Delivered Duty UnpaidDDP Delivered Duty Paid边境交货边境交货目的港船上交货目的港船上交货目的港码头交货目的港码头交货未完税交货未完税交货完税后交货完税后交货INCOTERMS 200020E组组发货（启运）发货（启运）EXW Ex Works工厂交货工厂交货F组组主运费未付主运费未付 装运合同装运合同FCA Free CarrierFAS F

19、ree Alongside ShipFOB Free On Board货交承运人货交承运人装运港船边交货装运港船边交货装运港船上交货装运港船上交货 C组组主运费已付主运费已付装运合同装运合同CFR Cost and FreightCIF Cost Insurance and FreightCPT Carriage Paid ToCIP Carriage Insurance Paid To成本加运费成本加运费成本保险费加运费成本保险费加运费运费付至运费付至运费保险费付至运费保险费付至 D组组到货（到达）到货（到达）DAF Delivered At FrontierDES Delivered Ex

20、 ShipDEQ Delivered Ex QuayDDU Delivered Duty UnpaidDDP Delivered Duty Paid边境交货边境交货目的港船上交货目的港船上交货目的港码头交货目的港码头交货未完税交货未完税交货完税后交货完税后交货INCOTERMS 200021Modes of Transport and Passing of Risks and Costs under Incoterms 200022Modes of Transport and Passing of Risks and Costs under Incoterms 200023Incoterms

21、2010nThe new version has the following main characteristics: n(1)Two new Incoterms rules DAT and DAP have replaced the Incoterms 2000 rules DAF, DES, DEQ and DDU.n(2) Classification of the 11 Incoterms 2010 rules n The 11 Incoterms 2010 rules are presented in two distinct classes: the terms for any

22、mode or modes of transport and the terms for sea and inland waterway transportn(3) Rules for domestic and international traden(4) Guidance Notesn(5) Electronic communicationn(6) Insurance covern(7) Security-related clearances and information required for such clearancesn(8) Terminal handling charges

23、n(9) String sales24INCOTERMS的沿革及新规的沿革及新规 INCOTERMSINCOTERMS于于19361936年制定后，先后与年制定后，先后与19531953、19671967、19761976、19801980、19901990、20002000年等数次修订，年等数次修订，20002000年版的年版的INCOTERMS 2000INCOTERMS 2000使用至使用至20102010年底。年底。ICCICC于于20072007年组成年组成7 7人工作小组，着手其修订，人工作小组，着手其修订，Incoterms Incoterms 2010 201020102010

24、年年9 9月月2727日公布，从日公布，从20112011年年1 1月月1 1日开始日开始使用。使用。 20102010通则通则在企业的普及会有很长的路要在企业的普及会有很长的路要走。而且走。而且ICCICC此次将其作为注册产品全球销售是此次将其作为注册产品全球销售是在阻碍其推广。连国际惯例都完全商业化运作是在阻碍其推广。连国际惯例都完全商业化运作是谁的悲哀谁的悲哀? ? http:/ 2010的主要变化一、一、 贸易术语分类的调整贸易术语分类的调整 由原来的由原来的Incoterms 2000 E、F、C、D 四组，分为四组，分为Incoterms 2010适用于两类：适用于各种运输方式贸易

25、适用于两类：适用于各种运输方式贸易术语和适用于水运的贸易术语。术语和适用于水运的贸易术语。26Incoterms 2010的主要变化的主要变化二、贸易术语的数量由原来的二、贸易术语的数量由原来的13种变为种变为11种种 Incoterms 2000的贸易术语：的贸易术语： EXW、FOB、FCA、FAS、CFR、CIF、CPT、CIP、DAF、DES、DEQ、DDU、DDP Incoterms 2010的贸易术语：的贸易术语： EXW、FOB、FCA、FAS、CFR、CIF、CPT、CIP、DAT、DAP、DDP27Incoterms 2010的主要变化三、三、 Incoterms 2010

26、删去了删去了Incoterms 2000 4个个术语，新增术语，新增2个术语个术语 删去删去D组的组的4个术语个术语：DAF (Delivered at Frontier)边边境交货、境交货、DES (Delivered Ex Ship) 目的港船上交货、目的港船上交货、DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay)目的港码头交货、目的港码头交货、DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)未完税交货未完税交货 新增了新增了2个术语个术语：DAT（delivered at terminal）在）在指定目的地或目的港的集散站交货、指定目的地或目的港的集散站交货、DAP（delivere

27、d at place）在指定目的地交货）在指定目的地交货 即用即用DAT取代了取代了DEQ， DAP取代了取代了DAF、DES和和DDU三个术语，且扩展至适用于一切运输方式。三个术语，且扩展至适用于一切运输方式。28Incoterms 2010的主要变化四、四、修订后的修订后的Incoterms 2010 取消了取消了“船舷船舷”的概念的概念 FOB、CFR、CIF贸易术语项下卖方承担货物贸易术语项下卖方承担货物装上船为止的一切风险，买方承担货物自装运港装上船为止的一切风险，买方承担货物自装运港装上船后的一切风险。装上船后的一切风险。 在在FAS，FOB，CFR和和CIF等术语中加入了货等术语

28、中加入了货物在运输期间被多次买卖（连环贸易）的责任义物在运输期间被多次买卖（连环贸易）的责任义务的划分。务的划分。 考虑到对于一些大的区域贸易集团内部贸易考虑到对于一些大的区域贸易集团内部贸易的特点，规定的特点，规定Incoterms 2010不仅适用于国不仅适用于国际销售合同，也适用于国内销售合同际销售合同，也适用于国内销售合同。 29Incoterms 2010的贸易术语nIncoterms2010 are arranged into the two distinct groups：nAny Mode of TransportCIP Carriage and Insurance PaidC

29、PT Carriage Paid ToDAP Delivered At PlaceDAT Delivered At TerminalDDP Delivered Duty PaidEXW Ex WorksFCA Free CarriernSea and Inland Waterway Transport OnlyCFR Cost and FreightCIF Cost, Insurance and FreightFAS Free Alongside ShipFOB Free On Board30Follow-up Practicen(1) What are trade terms? Why ar

30、e they used in international trade?n(2) What are main international trade usages on trade terms? n(3) What is Incoterms 2010? n(4) What are the benefits of organizing the terms in Incoterms 2010 into two distinct classes?31Translate the following trade terms into Chinese and match their definitions given below.A. EXW _ B. FCA _C. CPT _ D. CIP _ E. DAT _ F. DAP _ G. DDP _ H. FAS _I. FOB _