工程材料常用词汇表(中英文)

1、工程材料常用 词汇表A奥氏体 austenite奥氏体本 质晶粒度 austenite inhorent grain size奥氏体化austenitization, austenitii zingB白口铸铁 white cast iron白铜 white brass, copper-nickel alloy板条马 氏体 lath martensite棒材 bar包晶反 应 peritectic reaction薄板 thin sheet薄膜技 术 thin film technique贝氏体 bainite本质晶粒度inherent grain size比强度 strength-to-wei

2、ght ratic变质处 理 inoculation, modification变质剂 modifying agent,modificator表面处理 surface treatment表面粗糙度surface roughness表面淬火surface quenching表面腐 蚀 surface corrosion表面硬化surface hardening玻璃 glass玻璃态 vitreous state, glass state玻璃钢 glass fiber reinforced plastics玻璃纤维 glass fiber不可热处 理的 non-heat-treatable不锈钢

3、stainless steel布氏硬度Brinell hardnessC材料强度strength ofmaterial残余奥氏体 residual austenite残余变形 residual deformation残余应力 residual stress层状珠光体lamellar pearlite超导金属 superconducting metal成核 nucleate, nucleation成形 forming, shaping成长 growth, growing磁材料 magnetic materials冲击韧 性 impact toughness纯铁 pure iron粗晶粒 coar

4、se grain脆性 brittleness脆性断裂 brittle fracture淬火 quenching, quench淬透性 hardenability淬硬性 hardenabilityD带材 baud, strip单晶 single crystal, unit crystal单体 monomer, element氮化层 nitration case氮化物 nitride刀具 cutting tool导磁性 magnetic conductivity导电性 electric conductivity导热性 heat conductivity, thermal conductivity导

5、体 conductor等离子堆 焊 plasma surfacing等离子弧 喷涂 plasma spraying等离子增强化学气 相沉 积 Plasma chemical vapour deposition (PCVD)等温转变 曲线 isothermal transformation curve低合金 钢 low alloy steel低碳钢 low carbon steel低碳马 氏体 low carbon?martensite低温回火 low tempering点阵常数 grating constant, lattice constant电镀 electroplating, galva

6、nize电弧喷涂 electric arc spraying电子显微镜 electron microscope定向结晶 directional solidification S端淬试验 end quenching test断口分析fracture analysis断裂强度breaking strength, fracture strength断裂韧性 fracture toughness断面收 缩率 contraction of cross sectional area,锻造 forge, forging, smithing多晶体 polycrystalE二次硬化secondaryharden

7、ing二元合金binary alloy, two-component alloyF防锈的 rust-proot, rust resistant非金属 non-metal, nonmetal非晶态 amorphous stats分子键 molecular bond分子结构 molecular structure分子量 molecular weight酚醛树 脂 bakelite, phenolic resin粉末治金powder metallurgy粉末复合材料 particulate composite腐蚀 corrosion, corrode, etch, etching腐蚀剂 corrod

8、ent, corrosive, etchant复合材料composite materialG感应淬火 inductionquenching刚度 rigidity, stiffness钢 steel钢板 steel plate钢棒 steel bar钢锭 steel ingot钢管 steel tube, steel pipe钢丝 steel wire钢球 steel ball杠杆定理lever rule, lever principle高分子聚合物high polymer, superpolymer高合金 钢 high alloy steel高锰钢 high manganess steel高频

9、淬火 high frequency quenching高速钢 high speed steel ,quick-cutting steel高碳钢 high-carbon steel高碳马 氏体 high carbon martensite高弹态 elastomer高温回火 high tempering各向同性isotropy各向异性 anisotropy, anisotropism工程材料engineering material工具钢 tool steel工业纯铁industrial pure iron工艺 technology共价键 covalent bond共晶体 eutectic共晶反 应

10、 eutectic reaction共析体 eutectoid共析钢 eatectoid steel功能材料functional materials固溶处理 solid solution treatment固溶强化solution strengthening固溶体 solid solution固相 solid phase光亮热处 理 bright heat treatment滚珠轴承钢 ball bearing steel过饱和固溶体supersaturated solid solution过共晶合金hypereutectic alloy过共析 钢 hypereutectoid steel过冷

11、 over-cooling, supercooling过冷奥氏体 supercooled austenite过冷度 degree of supercooling过热 overheat, superheatH焊接 welding, weld航空材料aerial material合成纤维 synthetic fiber合金钢 alloy steel合金化 alloying合金结构钢structural alloy steel黑色金 属 ferrous metal红硬性 red hardness滑移 slip, glide滑移方向glide direction, slip direction滑移面

12、glide plane, slip plane滑移系 slip system化合物 compound化学气 相沉 积 chemical vapour eposition (CVD)化学热处 理 chemical heat treatmentJ基体 matrix机械混合物mechanical mixture机械性能mechanical property激光热处 理 heat treatment with a laser beam激光 laser激光熔凝laser melting and consolidation激光表面硬化surface hardening by laser beam加工硬化w

13、ork hardening加热 heating胶粘剂 adhesive结构材料 structural material结晶 crystallize, crystallization结晶度 crystallinity金属材料 metal material金属化合物metallic compound金属键 metallic bond金属组织metal structure金属结构metallic framework金属塑料 复合材料 plastimets金属塑性加工metal plastic?working金属陶瓷 metal ceramic金相显微镜 metallographic microsco

14、pe, metalloscope金相照片metallograph晶胞 cell晶格 crystal lattice晶格常 数 lattice constant晶格空位lattice vacancy晶粒 crystal grain晶粒度 grain size晶粒细化 grain refining晶体结构 crystal structure聚四氟乙烯 polytetrafluoroethy lene (PTFE)聚合度 degree of polymerization聚合反 应 polymerization绝热材料 heat-insulating material绝缘材料 insulating m

15、aterialK抗拉强度tensile strength抗压强度 compression strength颗粒复合材料 particle composite扩散 diffusion, diffuseL老化 aging莱氏体 ledeburite冷变形 cold deformation冷加工 cold work, cold working冷却 cool, cooling冷作硬化cold hardening离子 ion粒状珠光体granular pearlite连续转变 曲线 continuous cooling transformation(CCT) curve孪晶 twin crystal孪生

16、 twinning, twin螺旋位 错 helical dislocation洛氏硬度Rockwell hardnessM马氏体 martensite (M)密排六方晶格面心立方晶格摩擦 friction磨损 wear, abrade, abrasion模具钢 die steelMf 点 martensite finishing pointMs 点 martensite starting pointN纳米材料nanostructuredmaterials耐磨钢 wear-resisting steel耐磨性 wearability, wear resistance耐热钢 heat resis

17、tant steel , high temperature steel内耗 internal friction内应力 internal stress尼龙 nylon粘弹性 viscoelasticity凝固 solidify, solidification扭转强度 torsional strength扭转疲劳强度 torsional fatigue strengthP泡沫塑料foamplastics, expanded plastics配位数 coordination number喷丸硬化shot-peening疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳寿 命 fatigue life片状

18、马 氏体 lamellar martensite, plate type martensite普通碳钢 ordinary steel, plain carbon steelQ气体渗 碳 gas carburizing切变 shear切削 cut, cutting切应力 shearing stress球化退火spheroidizing annealing球墨铸铁 nodular graphite cast iron, spheroidal graphitecast iron球状珠光体globular pearlite屈服强度yielding strength, yield strength屈强比

19、 yielding-to-tensile ratio屈氏体 troolstite (T)去应力退火relief annealingR热处理 heat treatment热加工 hot work, hot working热喷涂 thermal spraying热固性 thermosetting热塑性 hot plasticity热硬性 thermohardening柔顺性 flexibility人工时效 artificial ageing刃具 cutting tool刃型位 错 edge dislacation, blade dislocation韧性 toughness溶质 solute溶剂

20、solvent蠕变 creep蠕墨铸铁 quasiflake graphite cast iron软氮化 soft nitridingS扫描电镜 scanning electronmicroscope (SEM)上贝氏体 upper bainite渗氮 nitriding渗硫 sulfurizing渗碳 carburizing, carburization渗碳体 cementite (Cm)失效 failure石墨 graphite (G)时间 -温度转变 曲线 time temperaturetransformation (TTT) curve 时效硬化 age-hardening实际晶粒度

21、actual grain size使用寿命 service life使用性能usability树枝状晶 dendrite树脂 resin双金属 bimetal, duplex metal水淬 water quenching, water hardening, water quench松弛 relax , relaxation塑料 plastics塑性 plasticity, ductility塑性变形 plastic deformation索氏体 sorbite (S)T弹簧钢 spring steel弹性 elasticity, spring弹性变形 elastic deformation弹

22、性极限 elastic limit弹性模量elastic modulus碳素钢 carbon steel碳含量 carbon content碳化物 carbide碳素工具 钢 carbon tool steel陶瓷 ceramic陶瓷材料ceramic material体心立方晶格body-centered cubic lattice (B.C. C.)体型聚合物three-dimensional polymer调质处 理 quenching and tempering调质钢 quenched and tempered steel铁碳平衡 图 iron-carbon equilibrium d

23、iagram透明 (结晶 )陶瓷 crystalline ceramics同素异构转变allotropic transformation涂层 coat, coating退火 anneal, annealing托氏体 troostite (T)W弯曲 bend, bending完全退火full annealing微观组织microstructure维氏硬度Vickers hardness未经变质处 理的 uninoculated温度 temperature无定形的amorphous物理气相沉 积 physical vapour deposition (PVD)X下贝氏体 lower bainit

24、e线型聚合物linear polymer纤维 fibre, fiber纤维增强 复合材料 filament reinforced composite显微照片metallograph,microphotograph, micrograph显微组织 microscopic structure, microstructure橡胶 rubber相 phase相变 phase transition相图 phase diagram消除应力退火 stress relief annealing形状记忆 合金 Shape memory alloys形变 deformation性能 performance, propertyX 射线