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1、加词和删词考点归纳短文改错的设题类型有三种:加词、删词和改词。在十处错误中,加词与删词一般占据 2 3 处,尽管比例不高,却是同学们失分的“重灾区” 。本文结合近五年的全国卷高考真题,对短文改错中加词与删词的考点作一归纳,希望对同学们平时的备考有所启发。加词类 1. 添加限定词(1)添加定冠词例 1 (2017?全国卷) When I look at this picture ofmyself . Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time : car magazine

2、s and musical instruments.解析此句中介词in 后面的名 ?picture 已经在上文出现过,这里是重复出现,属于特指,所以它的前面应加定冠词the。例 2 (2016?全国卷) If we stay at home , it iscomfortable and there is no need to spend money. But in thatcase, we will learn little about world.解析本句中,名词world 表示的是“我们所居住的世界”,属于特指,因此它前面需要加定冠词the。(2)添加不定冠词例 3 ( 2014?全国卷)

3、 Since then for all these yearswe have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.As result , the plants are growing everywhere.解析固定词组as a result 表示“结果,因此” 。很明显,上句中 result 之前需要加上不定冠词a。(3)添加形容词性物主代词例 4 ( 2015?全国卷) A woman saw him crying and toldhim to wait outside the shop. Five minutes la

4、ter , Tony saw parents.解析名词复数前面如果没有限定词,表示的是泛指,但这里的 parents 指的是 Tony 的“父母”,所以它前面应加上指代 Tony 的形容词性物主代词his。例 5 (2017?全国卷) In the summer holiday following my eighteenth birthday , I took driving lessons. I still rememberhow hard first day was.解析除在某些固定用法中,用来限定名词的序数词之前通常应该有个物主代词或者定冠词,所以上句 first 之前需要加上 my。(

5、本题中 first 之前加 the 也可以。)2. 添加介词例 6 (2016?全国卷)My uncle says that he neverdreams becoming rich in a short period of time. Instead , hehopes that his business will grow steadily.解析动词短语“梦想做某事”的正确翻译应是dreamof/about doing sth. ,故本句中dreams 之后需加上介词of/about 。例 7 ( 2014?全国卷) We can lie on the grass for a rest,o

6、r sit by the lake listening music.解析本句中的随状语,但listeninglistening 是现在分词,用作动词是不及物动词,不可以直接用sit 的伴music 作宾语,所以本句listening之后应加上介词to。3. 添加人称代词例 8 (2016?全国卷) At last , I will be on my own ,but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.解析本句中的时间状语从句缺少主语,根据句意,是“我”在需要帮助时向父母求助,所以 need 之前应加上人称

7、代词 I。4. 添加连词例 9 ( 2013?全国卷) He had a deep voice, which sethim apart from others in our small town , he was strong and powerful.解析上面是一个包含定语从句的复合句以及一个简单句,二者均是独立分句,但独立分句是不能直接用逗号连接的,需要根据逻辑关系加上连词。鉴于上面两个独立句之间是顺承关系,所以he 之前需添加并列连词and。5. 添加不定式的标记词例 10 ( 2017?全国卷) When summer comes, they willinvite their stud

8、ents pick the fresh vegetables.解析动词词组“邀请某人做某事”的正确翻译为invitesb. to do sth.,不定式作宾语补足语。所以,上句的 pick 之前应该加上不定式的标记词to。加词类 1. 添加限定词(1)添加定冠词例 1 (2017?全国卷) When I look at this picture ofmyself . Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time : car magazines and musicalins

9、truments.解析 此句中介词in 后面的名词picture已经在上文出现过,这里是重复出现,属于特指,所以它的前面应加定冠词the。例 2 (2016?全国卷) If we stay at home , it iscomfortable and there is no need to spend money. But in thatcase, we will learn little about world.解析本句中,名词world 表示的是“我们所居住的世界”,属于特指,因此它前面需要加定冠词the。(2)添加不定冠词例 3 ( 2014?全国卷) Since then for al

10、l these yearswe have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.As result , the plants are growing everywhere.解析固定词组as a result 表示“结果,因此” 。很明显,上句中 result 之前需要加上不定冠词a。(3)添加形容词性物主代词例 4 ( 2015?全国卷) A woman saw him crying and toldhim to wait outside the shop. Five minutes later , Tony saw par

11、ents.解析名词复数前面如果没有限定词,表示的是泛指,但这里的 parents 指的是 Tony 的“父母”,所以它前面应加上指代 Tony 的形容词性物主代词his。例 5 (2017?全国卷) In the summer holiday following my eighteenth birthday , I took driving lessons. I still rememberhow hard first day was.解析除在某些固定用法中,用来限定名词的序数词之前通常应该有个物主代词或者定冠词,所以上句 first 之前需要加上 my。(本题中 first 之前加 the

12、也可以。)2. 添加介词例 6 (2016?全国卷)My uncle says that he neverdreams becoming rich in a short period of time. Instead , hehopes that his business will grow steadily.解析动词短语“梦想做某事”的正确翻译应是dreamof/about doing sth. ,故本句中dreams 之后需加上介词of/about 。例 7 ( 2014?全国卷) We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sit by the lake

13、listening music.解析本句中的随状语,但listeninglistening 是现在分词,用作动词是不及物动词,不可以直接用sit 的伴music 作宾语,所以本句listening之后应加上介词to。3. 添加人称代词例 8 (2016?全国卷) At last , I will be on my own ,but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.解析本句中的时间状语从句缺少主语,根据句意,是“我”在需要帮助时向父母求助,所以 need 之前应加上人称代词 I。4. 添加连词例 9 ( 2013?全国卷) He had a deep voice, which sethim apart from others in our small town , he was strong and powerful.解析上面是一个包含定语从句的复合句以及一个简单句,二者均是独立分句,但独立分句是不能直接用逗号连接的,需要根据逻辑关系加上连词。鉴于上面两个独立句之间是顺承关系,所以he 之前需添加并列连词and。5. 添加不定式的标记词例 10 ( 2017?全国卷) When summer comes, they willinvite their stu

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