动词不定时和练习

1、动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+ 动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多, 多数情况用 it 作形式主语,把真正的主语动 词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语 )。动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 。带疑问词的不定式短 语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：1、把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us half an h

2、our.2、用 it 作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如： It + be+名词+ to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time +to doHow long did it take you to finish the work? It + be+形容词+ for sb + to do逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. It + be

3、+形容词+ of sb + to do“It is stupid of you to write down everything ”, the teacher says.注意：在中，常用表示 客观情况 的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, n ecessary 等； 在中，常用 careless, clever, good, foolish, hon est, kin d, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词，强调对人的评价。在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一

4、句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+ to do句式，女如: It's kind of you to help me with myEnglish.=You are kind to help me with my English. It seems(appears)+形容词+ to doIt seemed impossible to save money.3、带疑问词的不定式短语作主语How to solve the problem is hard for him.二、用作表语动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征，通常放在连系动词(主要是be动词)后。如：1. The best

5、 way to improve your English is to join an English club.2. The first thing is to greet the teacher.注意： 不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。Our work is serving the people.三、用作宾语1. 可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求、选择、同意(ask, choose, agree),期望、决定、学习 (expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可、假装、知道 (prefer, pretend, know)，

6、希望、 想要、愿意 (wish, want, would like / love) 。如：1) We decided to talk to some stude nts about why they go there.2) He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3) 1 ' love to visit Mexico2. 动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.,介词结构on.可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作 宾语，但why后面的不定式不带 to。如：1) Could you please tell me w

7、here to park my car?2) It gives advice on what to do in lots of differe nt situati ons.注意：疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。The question is how to put it into practice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。3. 动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式， 句子结构是.feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如：I find it difficult to r

8、emember everyth ing.4. 既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如：1) The n I started to watch En glish-la nguage TV.2) 1' m beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am.begin用了进行时态

9、，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。3) I like to eat vegetables.感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。5. 后接动词不定式或 ving形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接 ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。女

10、口:1) When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.2）I stopped using them last year.及物动词+不定式一般形式:谓语动词(vt.)+不定 式(作宾语)说明want（想）/ try（试图）/ decide（决定）/ would like（想要）/ hope（希望）/ love（喜 爱）/ learn （学会）/ afford （提供）/ agree（同意）/ fail （失败、未能）/ mean（意 味着）/ prefer（宁愿）/ wish（布望）+to（do）（无）help(帮助)to可以省略b

11、egi n（开始）/ start（开始）/hate（憎恨）也可跟动名词，意义变化 不大forget（忘记）/ remember（记得）/ like （总 爱）也可跟动名词，意义变化 较大及物动词+疑问词+不定式:谓语动词（vt.）+wh-疑冋词+不定式（作 宾语）说明tell （告诉）/ show （显示）/ know （知what “不定式疑道）/ ask （问）/ find out （发现）/whereI问形式还un dersta nd （明白）/ wonder（疑惑）/+ how+ to （do）可以作句learn（学会）/ forget（忘记）/who >子的主语、remembe

12、r（记得）/ teach sb.（教某 人）/ discuss（商商讨）which表语等。四、用作定语1句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑 的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式。如：1）1 have so many chores to do today.2）1 cant think of any good advice to give her.3）Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch. 具体关系如下例子： The n ext train to arrive

13、 is from Wash ington. Do you have anything to be take n to your sister? Do you have anything to say on the questio n? Would you please give me some paper to write on?不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：（1）表示将来的动作（例）。（2）与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词（例）。（3）与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍用主动语态（例）；如只有动宾关系，

14、而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态（例）。2. 动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时，不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。如：1）He n eeds time to do homework2）Is that a good place to hang out ？3）You want to know the best way to get around the city.3在“ there be.”句型里，句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象，常用主动式。如:1) There' s just so much to see and do here.2) . but

15、 there are still many things to do there.1、记住下面的一些结构:被修饰部分+不定式(作后置定语)汉语意思a keyto lock the door锁门的钥匙a boxto hold these things装这些东西的箱子give her a bookto read给她一本书读Is there any什名词/代词)to (do)?有要(做的)吗？It ' stimeto go.是走的时间了。Do you have any workto do?你有工作要做吗？I' d like somethingto eat.我要点儿吃的。I have

16、nothingto say.我没有话要说。Would you like someth ingto drink?你要点儿喝的吗？2、在这种情况下，如果不定式动词是不及物动词，则后面必须加介词。如：They could not find a place to live in (他们找不到住的地方 )Please give me a chair to sit on.(请给我一张椅子坐坐 )He has got a writi ng brush to write wi _.(他找到了写字的毛笔 )五、用作补语动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态句里补宾语，在被动语态句里补主语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的

17、逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done,句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。1. 在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有： 要求、允许、提议(ask, allow, permit, advise)，期望、邀请、鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage)，教导、告诉、想要(teach, tell, want)，等待、希望、愿意 (wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：1) I'd in vite her to have dinner at my house.2) Teen agers should

18、be allowed to choose their own clothes.3) Email En glish is supposed to be used on mobile phon es.2. 动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词禾口使役动词，包括四"看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三"让” ：have, let, make，二"听”：hear, listen to，一 "感觉” :feel，一“注意” :notice。如：1) This picture makes me

19、 feel tense ！2) Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.注意：主动语态中to省略，但是在被动语态中to要还原。I saw him dance.=He was see n to dance.The boss made them work the whole ni ght.=They were made to work the whole ni ght.3. help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。一般说来，带to表间接帮助，不带to表直接帮助。在被动语态句里，或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to。如：1）. th

20、ey can help you to compare two differe nt products so that you can buy the one you really need.2）Us ing email En glish helps you write quickly.4. be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带 to的动词不定式作主语的补语。如：1）He does n'tseem to have many frien ds.2）Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city n ear

21、 you.总结：谓语动词（vt.）+宾语（人/物）+不定式（作宾语补足语）ask（请）/ tell（关照）/ teach（教）/ want（想要）/ would like （想要）/ get（让）/ invite （邀请）/ like（喜欢）/ warn （警告）/ help（帮）/+sb. / sth.+ to （do）make（使得）/ let（让）/ hear（听）/ see（看）/ feel（感觉）/ watch （观看 ” have（使得）/ help（帮助）+sb. / sth.注意：hear / see / feel / watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时，含义不同，试比较

22、：I heard her crying when I walked past.（我路过时听到她正在哭 ）（指当时瞬间的情况）I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.（我坐在她附近听她唱新歌 ）（指整个过程）六、用作状语1. 目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：1）In order not to offend people, learning about Ianguage etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary.2）A group of

23、young people got together to（i n order to / so as to） discuss this questi on.to do / in order to do / so as to do用作目的状语，置句末时都可以用，置句首时只用to do / inorder to do。 so as to do 一般不置于句首，可以引导结果状语从句，in order to do不引导结果状语从句。2. 原因状语，多见于"sb.+be+adj.+to do. ”结构句中。如：1）My dogs name is “ Lucky ”一 a good name fo

24、r him because I feel very lucky to have him.2）O n Mon day he told a radio in terviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes.3. 结果状语，多见于"too.to”（太以致不能）,“enough to.”结构句中。如：1）Then I' m too tired to do well. What should I do?2）The room n eeds to be big eno ugh for three people to live

25、in.4. 有些动词不定式作状语，常说明前面形容词的性质和特性。动词不定式与句子的主语有逻辑的动宾关系。动词不定式前面的形容词一般是： cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, fun, hard,in teresti ng, n ecessary。不定式常用主动式表被动意义。. the mistakes you made are necessary for you to learn and understand. 这类句子中的动词不定式可改为主语。5. 独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。如：1）Id like to stay heal

26、thy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.2）To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn 't understand every word.七、动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构是“ for / of sb. to do sth. ”，for / of 引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种 结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for 还是of,主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是 careful, cle

27、ver, foolish, good,kind, nice, wise 等，既说明人的特性， 又说明不定式动作的特性。 for 前面的形容词是 dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary 等,一般说明不定式动作的特性, 不说明人的特性。前面如果是名词用for。如：1.Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening.2. Zoos are te

28、rrible places for animals to live八、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词 what, which, who 或疑问副词 how, when, where, why 等。这 种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用。要注意的是, why后面的不定式不带 to。如：1. 用作句子的成分。1）I don ' t know what to try next. （ 作宾语 ）2）Where to go is not decided yet.（ 作主语 ）2. 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。1）What to do next?

29、（=What will we / you do next?）2）Why go there?（=Why do we / you go there?）九、动词不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / never to do.，不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do.如：1.Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each other.2. His parents tell him never to drive after drinking.十、后面加动名词与不定式时语义不同的1、stop to do

30、停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing 停止做某事。2、 forget to do 忘记要去做某事。（未做 ）forget doing 忘记做过某事。（已做 ）3、 remember to do 记得去做某事（未做 ）remember doing 记得做过某事（已做 ）4、regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。（未做 ）regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。（已做 ）5、cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。6、try to do 努力，企图做某事。try doing 试验，试着做某事。7、go o

31、n to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing 继续做原来做的事。8、mean to do 打算、想mean doing 意味着对应练习答案：一、Keys：1. A 2. C 3. take， to，build 4. B 简析 动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（不定式）置于后面。常见的句式有：（1） It is +形容词（of sb） to do sth.（2） It is +名词 （for sb） to do sth.（3） It takes sb some time to do sth.（4） It

32、is +形 容词 （for sb）to do sth.句式 （1）中常用 nice, kind， clever，good， right, wrong， foolish， careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式（4）中常用 hard， difficult ， easy， important 等形容词，与介词 for 搭配，表述不定式表示的动 作、行为的性质。二、Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D简析 在 want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， ha

33、te， choose， forget， remember 等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语 时，则可以用 it 作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。三、Key： 1. B 2. C简析 不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： ask，teach， expect， tell ， allow 等。四、Key： 1. A 2. C简析go， come， try，do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不 定式作目的状语。Keys： 3. D 4. B简析“be +形容词+ to do sth”结构中

34、的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。Keys：5. is， too， small， for 6. thick ， for， to， skate， on简析在上述“too +形容词/副词 （for sb） to do”（太而不能） 和“enough （forsb） to do”（足以、足够做）结构中，不定式作结果状语。【典型考题答案】 1-5 ABCCD 6-10 CBDCC【小结】（ 1 ）作宾语，如上题 1 和 2；（ 2）作宾语补足语，如上题3、 4 和 5 （ 3）作主语，如上题 6 和 7 ；（ 4） 作状语，如上题 8和 9 ；（5）作定语，如上题 10。11.动词不定式专项练习（ K

35、eys: 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. AC 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. B）一、动词不定式作主语1. It's our dutythe room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans （甘肃省）2. It's hard for usEn glish well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learni ng （江西省）3. 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It

36、 willthe workers over a yearthe flyover.（北京市海淀区）4. It's very niceyou to get me two ticketsthe World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to （安徽省）二、动词不定式作宾语1. He wantssome vegetables.A. buy B. buy ing C. to buy D. buys（山西省）2. Don't forgetyour homework with you whe n you come to school.

37、A. to bring B. brin gi ng C. to take D. taki ng（福建省）3. He fou nd it very difficult.A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep （湖南省）三、动词不定式作宾语补足语1. Robert often asks ushis Chin ese, so his Chin ese is much better tha n before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with （江苏省

38、）2. Mr Li often teaches his Japa nese friendsChin ese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked（甘肃省）四、动词不定式作状语1. She wenther teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. see ing（江西省）2. Meimei likes En glish very much. She does her bestEn glish well.A. lear n B. lear ning C.to learn D. learns （四川省）3. I'

39、m sorrythat. A. hears B. heari ng C. hear D. to hear （河北省）4. I'm sorryyou A trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled（吉林省）5. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.（改为意思相同的句子）The holesuch a fat panda to go through.（广东省）6. The ice on the lake was so thin that people could

40、n't skate on it.（改为意思相同的句子）The ice on the lake was n'teno ughpeople.（广东省）【典型考题】rhypilitaets.1. “ What are you going to do this weeke nd?A. to visit B. visit C. visit ing2. What' s your plan for the summer holidays?I ' ve no idea, but I ' ve decidecfat home.A. stay B. to stay C. s

41、tayed D. stay ing3. Last week our geography teacher told usmore information about how to protect theen viro nment.A. get B. got C. to get D. gett ing4. Our headmaster asked usa report on how to protect wild an imals.A. write B. writi ngC. to write D. wrote5. How do you feel whe n you watch the n ati

42、 onal flag go up?It makes mevery proud.A. felt B. to feel C. feeli ng D. feel6. It took her half an hour the Water Park by bus last Sun day.A. gets to B. get to C. to get to D. gett ing to7. It ' s dangerous for youthat tall tree.A. climb B. to climb C. climbi ng D. climbed8. My brother is ill i

43、n hospital.I ' m sorrythat.A. hearB. heari ngC. heard D. to hear9. more in formati on about the trip, you can go to .A. FindB. Fin di ng C. To find D. Fou nd10. Some childre n are arguing about what TV programs.A. watch ing B. for watch ing C. to watch D. will watch动词不定式专项练习1. It' s wrongnot

44、hera letter.A. of you; to writeB.for you; writ ing C. of you;writ ingD. for you;write2. I' m sorry, Imy exercise book at home.Don' t forgetit to school tomorrow, please.A. forget; to takeB. left; to bring C. forget; to bringD. left; to take3. Before you go abroad, you n eedabout table manner

45、s in that coun try.A. knew B. known C. to know D. knowing4. I n eed some paper.A. to writeB. to write onC. to write inD. writi ng5. I have no pens. Could you please lend me one?Sure. Here you are.A. to writeB. to write dow nC. to write withD. to write in6. Do you think our football team will win the

46、 match?Yes, we have better players. So I _ them to win.A. hope B. ask C. help D. expect7. I am allowed until 12:00 on the evening of the Spring Festival.A. stay up B. to stay up C. staying up D. to staying up8. Cars cause most of Beijing ' air pollution. So the “No Car Day ” campaign（活动）asks Beijingdrivers their cars at home one day each