高铁酸钾的技术应用

1、高铁酸钾的技术应用摘 要高铁酸钾具有强氧化性 ,可有效灭活微生物 ,氧化降解无机和有机污染物 ,去除悬浮颗粒物;其还原产物三价铁离子具有一定絮凝作用。近年来其合成及其在水处理中的应用取得了显著进展。本文综述了高铁酸钾在饮用水水质的改善及废 (污 )水处理中的研究与实践所取得的成果 ,探讨了其在取代氯氧化剂、 源水有机污染物控制、提高污 (废 )水处理效能方面应用的可行性 ,指出了其发展中尚待解决的问题 ,以期为高铁酸钾在水处理中应用研究的深入提供借鉴作用。关键词:高铁酸钾;水处理;强氧化性HIGH TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FERRATEABSTRACTPotassium

2、 errate has the strong oxidability, but effective deactivation microorganism, oxidative degradation inorganic and organic pollutant, elimination suspended particulate; Its return to original state product ferric iron ion has certain flocculation.In recent years its synthesis and has made the remarka

3、ble progress in the water treatment application . Summarized the potassium ferrate the achievement which and waste (dirt) in the water treatment research and the practice obtains in the tap water water quality improvement, discussed it in the substitution chlorine oxidant, the source water organic p

4、ollutant control, enhanced the feasibility which the dirt (waste) the water treatment potency aspect applied, had pointed out in its development Shang Dai solved the question, the applied research provided the model function thoroughly take the time as the potassium ferrate in the water treatment.KE

5、Y WORDS: Potassium ferrate， Water treatment， Strong oxidabilityIII / 32目录前 言.1第 1 章 高铁酸钾的制备方法.21.1 主要制备法.21.1.1 电解法.21.1.2 高温过氧化物法.21.1.3 次氯酸钾法.21.2 高纯度高铁酸钾的制备.31.2.1 实验原理.31.2.2 实验试剂、仪器.31.2.3 实验步骤.4第 2 章 高铁酸钾的性质.52.1 高铁酸钾的基本性质.52.2 高铁酸钾的特性.52.2.1 稳定性.52.2.2 氧化性.52.2.3 杀菌性.62.2.4 絮凝性.62.2.5 无害性.6第

6、3 章 高铁酸钾在水处理中的应用.73.1 高铁酸钾对饮用水的处理.73.1.1 生活饮用水的杀菌消毒.73.1.2 生活饮用水的除藻.73.1.3 饮用水水源除污.83.2 高铁酸钾对污水的处理.93.2.1 去除污水中的污染物.93.2.2 在污水处理方面的几点尝试.93.3 高铁酸钾复合药剂的净水效能.11第 4 章 高铁酸钾的应用前景.124.1 高铁酸钾在饮用水方面的应用前景.124.1.1 取代氯氧化剂.124.1.2 饮用水水源有机物的控制.124.1.3 高铁酸钾作为饮用水处理剂的开发前景.134.2 高铁酸钾在污（废）水处理方面的应用前景.144.2.1 污（废）水处理应用亟

7、待加强.144.2.2 高铁酸钾在污水处理方面的应用前景.144.3 高铁酸钾复合药剂的应用前景.15谢 辞.17参考文献.18外文资料译文.201 / 32前 言作为一种非氯新型多功能水处理剂,高铁酸钾弥补了传统水处理剂对水体形成二次污染的不足。高铁酸钾在整个 pH 值范围内均具强氧化性,可有效去除水中难降解有机污染物及氰化物、硫化物,且无重金属污染,其分解产生新生态 Fe3 +有良好的絮凝助凝作用。此外,高铁酸钾能有效去除生物淤泥中的硫化氢、甲硫醇、 氨等恶臭物质。高铁酸钾集氧化、杀菌、吸附、絮凝、助凝、脱色、除臭等功能于一体,在水处理方面显示出良好的应用前景。然而,高铁酸钾在溶液中稳定性

8、较差,再加上制备方法复杂,操作条件严苛,以至现在还没有理想的铁酸钾成品面市。目前,高铁酸钾的制备方法主要有 3 种:次氯酸盐氧化法、电解氧化法和过化物氧化法,其中次氯酸盐氧化法较为成熟,但也存在一些不足,如高铁酸钾的 不稳定性严重影响产品的纯度和产率。本文研究了高铁酸钾制备过程中,不同工艺条件对高铁酸钾纯度和产率的影响,对高铁酸钾溶液的稳定性,进行了初步探讨。针对高铁酸钾的性质特点，简述了其在水处理方面的用途及前景。第 1 章 高铁酸钾的制备方法1.1 主要制备法高铁酸钾制备方法主要有电解法、高温过氧化物法、次氯酸钾法。1.1.1 电解法制备原理：在铁制阳极发生氧化反应,将铁或 Fe3+氧化成

9、 FO42-,再在阳极液中加人 KOH,使高铁酸钾沉淀出来。阳极反应：Fe+8OH-FxOynH2OFeO42-+4H2O+6eFe3+8OH-FxOynH2OFeO42-+4H2O+3e阴极反应：2H2OH2+2OH-+2e总反应：Fe+2OH-+2H2OFeO42-+2H22Fe3+10OH-2FeO42-+2H2O+3H2FeO42-+2K+K2FeO4电解氧化法操作简单, 原材料消耗少, 但对装置要求高, 副产物多, 电力消耗大。1.1.2 高温过氧化物法一般选择过氧化钠-硫酸亚铁粉体在密闭、干燥的加热炉中 700反应约 1h, 将生成的高铁酸钠粉末在 5moll-1氢氧化钠溶液中溶解

10、,过滤,往滤液中加入固体KOH 至饱和,析出高铁酸钾晶体,过滤,以异丙醇洗涤,低温真空干燥即得成品。1.1.3 次氯酸钾法将硝酸铁慢慢加入到氢氧化钾和次氯酸钾的饱和溶液中,控制温度在2530,搅拌反应 11.5h,冷冻结晶过滤,得粗产品。如需要精制,将粗产物溶解在饱和氢氧化钾溶液中,冷冻结晶过滤,再以少量异丙醇洗涤,低温真空干燥,得到高3 / 32铁酸钾成品。此法工艺较简单,操作方便,虽对设备有一定的腐蚀性,但适合于小规模企业生产。1.2 方法改进次氯酸盐氧化法研究得最早,相对较成熟,但也存在一些不足,如高铁酸钾的不稳定性严重影响产品的纯度,限制其应用的广泛性。以下简介一种稳定合成高铁酸钾的制

11、备方法1。1.2.1 实验步骤及反应原理（1）制备饱和次氯酸钾溶液在一定温度下,将氯气缓慢通入质量分数为 30 %35 %的 KOH 碱液中至氯气饱和溢出为止,生成饱和次氯酸钾溶液。化学反应式为:2KOH+Cl2=KClO+KCl+H2O（2）除盐室温下 ,向次氯酸钾溶液中加入适量 K OH 固体 ,搅拌至 K OH 完全溶解 ,冰水冷却 ,然后过滤去除白色氯化钾结晶 ,得到碱性次氯酸盐溶液（3）氧化在剧烈搅拌条件下 ,将 Fe (NO3) 3 分批加入碱性次氯酸钾溶液中反应 ,其为放热反应 ,应适当控制反应体系温度 ,以免次氯酸盐分解。化学反应式为:2Fe(NO3)3+3KClO+10KOH

12、=2K2FeO4+6KNO3+3KCl+5H2O 氧化反应进行很快 ,溶液先转为棕色 ,35 min 后进而转为紫黑色 ,0、51h 后已无氢氧化铁存在时,反应完成。然后加 K OH 固体至饱和 使 K2FeO4充分析出。用玻璃沙芯漏斗吸滤分离出高铁酸钾晶体粗产品。（4）纯化粗产品用 30ml 的 3mol/ L 的 KOH 溶液分 46 次处理,使高铁溶解后转移到50 ml 用冰水冷却的 KOH 饱和溶液中重新析出。用正戊烷、乙醇和乙醚等有机溶剂依次洗涤除去产品结晶中的水分和 KNO3,KCl,KOH 等杂质。 （5）干燥在 6080真空干燥。（6）纯度分析固体产物利用亚铬酸盐氧化还原滴定法

13、分析。在强碱性溶液中,高铁酸盐能将亚铬酸盐氧化为铬酸盐,生成的铬酸盐溶液酸化后得到的重铬酸钾用二价铁离子的标准溶液滴定。以二苯胺磺酸钠为指示剂,终点时,溶液由紫色变为淡绿色。1.2.2 结论针对传统的高铁酸钾制备工艺存在的问题,采用次氯酸盐氧化法以氯气、氢氧化钾、硝酸铁为原料研究开发出制备高铁酸钾的清洁生产工艺。实验研究表明,高铁酸钾的制备与次氯酸盐浓度、氧化温度、铁盐投加量、 反应体系碱度、有机溶剂的选择等工艺条件有关。在产品纯化步骤，正戊烷等烷烃类惰性有机溶剂可有效替换传统工艺中的致癌有机溶剂苯。母液中的残留碱,副产品氯化钾以及有机清洗废液均可有效回收利用。该工艺是高效、低耗、减污的清洁制

14、备工艺,具有一定工业化前景。第 2 章 高铁酸钾的性质2.1 高铁酸钾的基本性质纯高铁酸钾是一种暗紫色、有金属光泽的粉末状晶体,其化学分子式为 K2FeO4。熔点 198,热稳定性稍差,超过 60开始分解。溶液的 pH 对其稳定性的影响很大,当 pH 值为 10 一 11 时非常稳定；当 pH 值为 8 一 10 时,稳定性有所下5 / 32降；而当 pH 95CN-11.27510 9915 / 32Pb2+7.6607 95Cd2+7.6507 99Cu2+7.3556 95Cr2+7.5558 95大肠杆菌0.52 994.3 高铁酸钾复合药剂的应用前景传统的混凝、沉淀、过滤等水处理工艺

15、在处理受污染水和天然有机物含量较高的地表水方面存在很大的局限性,当原水水质较差时难以达到饮用水水质标准的要求。目前我国水厂大多采用传统饮用水处理工艺,在较长一段时间内,由于经济、技术等原因在大中型水厂进行较大技术改造或新建采用国外先进除污染技术的水厂尚难以实现。另外,我国一类水司即将试行 88 项水质标准,因而水质的提高已成为各地水厂急需解决的问题。因此,发展低成本、高效率、多功能、使用方便的新型水处理药剂,在不改变原有水处理流程的基础上,挖掘工艺潜力,提高出水水质,具有重要的现实意义。由前人的工作可以看出,高铁酸钾具有氧化、絮凝、杀菌等一系列独特的性质。利用此特性研制出以高铁酸钾为核心的复合

16、药剂将具有多功能的净水效果,可以氧化去除水中有机污染物、灭活细菌;其高价态正电荷水解产物能够起到絮凝作用, 并可能也具有氧化作用,最终形成的氢氧化铁胶体可以吸附共沉水中重金属和悬浮固体,具有很大的开发应用价值。高铁酸钾难于制备和稳定,是其一直未能在水处理中应用的关键问题。我国近来研制开发了以高铁酸钾为核心的复合药剂显著提高了其稳定性,并能够批量生产,对不同地区、不同种类的水质进行处理均取得了良好的效果。用多功能复合药剂强化与拓宽现行常规给水处理工艺的净水效能, 可以在不改变现有工艺流程、不增加大的附属设施,是比较适合我国国情的饮用水除污染技术,具有广阔的研究开发前景,并可能成为除污染技术研究的

17、一个主要方向。谢 辞感谢席老师指引我论文的写作方向和构架，并对本论文初稿进行逐字批阅，指出其中谬误之处，使我有了思考的方向。在此，谨向席老师表示崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢！谢谢席老师在我撰写论文的过程中给予我极大地帮助。 同时，论文的顺利完成，离不开其它各位老师、同学和朋友的关心和帮助。在整个的论文写作中，各位老师、同学和朋友积极的帮助我修改和提供有利于论文写作的建议和意见，在他们的帮助下，论文得以不断的完善，最终得以写完了整个论文。 另外，要感谢在大学期间所有传授我知识的老师，是你们的悉心教导使我有了良好的专业课知识，这也是论文得以完成的基础。 感谢所有给我帮助的老师和同学，谢谢你们！ 通过此次

18、的论文，我学到了很多知识，跨越了传统方式下的教与学的体制束缚，在论文的写作过程中，通过查资料和搜集有关的文献，培养了自学能力和动手能力。并且由原先的被动接受知识转换为主动寻求知识，这可以说是学习方法上的一个很大突破。在以往传统的学习模式下，我们可能会记住很多的书本知识，但是通过毕业论文，我们学会了如何将学到的知识转化为自己的东西，学会了怎么更好的处理知识和实践相结合的问题。 在论文的写作过程中我也学到了做任何事情都要有的态度和心态，首先做学问要一丝不苟，对于发展过程中出现的任何问题和偏差都不能轻视，要通过正确的途径去解决，在做事情的过程中要有耐心和毅力，不能一遇到困难就打退堂鼓，坚持到底就可以

19、找到思路去解决问题的。而且要学会向别人学习，这样做起事情来就可以事半功倍。 总之，此次论文的写作过程，我收获了很多，既为大学三年划上了一个完美的句号，也为将来的人生之路做了一个很好的铺垫。 再次感谢我的大学和所有帮助过我并给我鼓励的老师、同学和朋友，谢谢你们！17 / 32参考文献1姜宏泉，王鹏，赵南霞，郝义，化学氧化法制备高铁酸钾的清洁生产工艺. M.现代化工,2001,6:31-342AUDETTE RJ, QUA IL JW.Potassium,Rubidium,Cesi2um, and Barium Ferrate: Preparation,Infrared Spectra, and

20、Magnetic Suscep tibilitiesJ. Inorganic Chem,1972,11(8):1904-19083陆柱油田水处理技术M北京石油工业出版社,1990；2242254马军,刘伟,刘惠,等高铁酸盐复合药剂除污染效能研究J给水排水,1998；24（2） ；215Schink T,Waite TD.Inactivation of f2 virus with ferrate()J.Water Research,1980,14(4):1705-17176王凯娟,代丽萍,郗园林,等.高铁酸钾消毒作用实验观察J.中国公共卫生, 2003,19(9):1084-10857孙德智,于

21、秀娟,冯玉杰.环境工程中的高级氧化技术M.北京:化学工业出版社,2002.46-598贾汉东,张秀丽,何占航,等. 稳定性高铁酸钾溶液杀菌效果试验观察J.中国消毒学杂志,2000,17(1):29-319马军,石颖,刘伟,等.高铁酸盐预氧化除藻效能研究J.中国给水排水,1998, 14(5):9-1110苑宝玲,曲久辉,张金松,等.高铁酸盐对 2 种水源水中藻类的去除效果J.环境科学,2001,22(2):78-8111刘伟,马军.高铁酸盐预氧化对藻类细胞的破坏作用及其助凝机理J.环境科学学报,2002,22(1):242812曲久辉,林谡,田宝珍,等.高铁氧化去除饮用水中邻氯苯酚的研究J.环

22、境科学学报,2001,21(6):701-70413曲久辉,林谡,田宝珍,等.高铁酸盐氧化去除水中腐殖质的研究J.环境科学学报,1999,19(5) :510-51414曲久辉,王立立,田宝珍,等.高铁酸盐氧化絮凝去除饮用水中氨氮的研究J. 环境科学学报,2000,20(3):280-28315吴守璇,李明玉,周焯雄,等.高铁酸钾氧化去除水中微量酚的研究J.生态科学,2003,22(2):127-12916Graham N,Jiang Cheng chun,Li Xiang zhong,etal.The influ2 ence of pH on the degradation of pheno

23、l and chlorophenols by potassium ferrateJ. Chemosphere,2004,56:94995617王凯娟,代丽萍,郗园林,等.高铁酸钾消毒作用实验观察J.中国公共卫生, 2003,19(9):1084-108518冀亚飞.高铁酸钾的研制与应用实践J.现代化工,1998(2):212319马军,刘伟,李圭白，等. 给水排水,1997;(11):91120马军,刘伟,刘惠,等.给水排水,1998;24(2):212421马军,石颖,刘伟, 等. 中国给水排水 1998;14(5):9 1119 / 32外文资料译文SALTS OF POTASSIUM F

24、ERRATE IN WATER TREATMENT1 potassium ferrate in water treatment 1.1 Disinfection of Drinking Water Jia-Sen and other reports When the amount of water in E. coli 1.841052.83105months/L,5 6mg/L to deal with high Ferrate 30 min, can be inactivated 99.9% 99.99% E. coli, to the general standards of livin

25、g water. Schink and Waite found in, potassium ferrate for water and f 2 virus inactivation of E. coli has a good effect. The results show that the study, the quality of potassium ferrate solution concentration of 10 40 mg / L, the contact time of 5 min that is the breeding of bacteria, such as E. co

26、li, Staphylococcus aureus has a strong killing role in killing 100%; the killing rate of fungi was higher than 99.50%; However, bacterial spores and the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus inactivation is not observed in the role. Studies have shown that potassium ferrate inactivation of phage Q ro

27、le of potassium ferrate concentration and the impact of contact time, and potassium ferrate inactivated after bleaching effect, indicating that after the decomposition of potassium ferrate generated by the middle of valence oxide component of the oxidation effect with a long time. Positively charged

28、 micro-organisms of high resistance Ferrate negatively than micro-organisms. With other oxidants, or joint use of potassium ferrate for appropriate pre-treatment can enhance the bactericidal Ferrate high efficiency. Information showed that the addition of 2 mg / L ozone water can kill 99% of the int

29、estinal type streptozotocin, and if the 5 mg / L potassium ferrate pretreatment, 1 mg / L of ozone can kill the total number of dead intestinal bacteria 99.9%. Jahangiri East , such as using activated clay treatment, the system was more stable potassium ferrate solution, results show that, 0. 5 mg /

30、 L potassium ferrate role of E. coli 2 min, the killing rate, which amounts to 99.95 %. 1.2 The removal of Drinking Water Algae are characteristic of eutrophic water pollution component, control and removal of algae in the water source of great significance, is the area of general concern to the wat

31、er treatment problems. Ma, etc. studies have shown that potassium ferrate on the removal has to strengthen the role of coagulation: by 0. 14 mg / L ferrate preoxidation pharmaceutical compound, the dosage of 50 mg / L of sulfuric acid aluminum after the settlement will enable the removal of algae fr

32、om 30% to 60%, and with the pharmaceutical compound ferrate dosage increase, the settlement after a further reduction in the volume of more than algae. Ferrate compound in pharmaceutical dosage of 1. 4 mg / L (Fe), aluminum sulfate dosage to 80 mg / L under the conditions of the settlement after the

33、 algae removal rate as high as 75%. Yuan Bao-ling, etc. in dealing with algae amount to Oscillatoria-based source water, it was found that simple removal PAC coagulation result is not satisfactory, dosage Small amount of ferrate pre-oxidation, and then adding PAC coagulation, the removal rate of alg

34、ae in the water can be increased by 10% to 20%, the removal rate as high as 97.85%. Mechanism of removal indicates that 8, potassium ferrate is its strong oxidizing algaecide and nascent hydrogen result of the combined effect of iron oxide, the role of the process of more or less as follows: potassi

35、um ferrate oxidation can damage the surface of the structure of algal cells, resulting in algal sets of cell surface sheath of the winding and the outer sheath cells can crack, resulting in the outflow of intracellular material. After the decomposition of potassium ferrate produced by colloidal ferr

36、ic hydroxide can be adsorbed on the cell surface of some algae, in the reduction of cell surface charge as well as an increase of the precipitation of these cells. Colloidal ferric hydroxide adsorption and cell flocculation substances prior to the coagulation can gather some algae cells. Intracellul

37、ar material in the coagulation process may also play a further role of flocculant. 1.3 Removal of chemical contaminants in water 1. 3.1 to remove the pollutants in the sewage tassium ferrate for sewage in the BOD (biological oxygen demand), T OC (TOC) removal, such as the role of good. 10 mg / L of

38、potassium ferrate 86% of BOD, ammonia nitrogen removal of 60% and 53% of phosphorus. At pH = 5. 5, source water turbidity for the 28 NT U (settlement after more than muddy) conditions, 30 mg / L of 21 / 32potassium ferrate in water can be removed Trichlorethylene 85.6%, naphthalene removal 100 %. to

39、 a sewage treatment plant in Xuzhou Chamber by aeration, primary sedimentation tank precipitation, after primary treatment of municipal wastewater for the study, visited the high Ferrate of COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal capacity. The results showed that potassium ferrate on COD removal perfor

40、mance ideals. When potassium ferrate dosage in 10 mg / L or so, they can remove more than 75% of COD; when potassium ferrate dosage in 20 mg / L time, COD removal over 90% . In addition to the effect of its more than muddy basic aluminum chloride. 1. 3.2 water source of drinking water decontaminatio

41、n High water Ferrate trace the source of organic and inorganic pollutants in the removal of a good performance. QU Jiu-hui, etc. studied the potassium ferrate trace of o-chlorophenol in water removal. The results showed that the quality of o-chlorophenol concentration of 4 mg / L when adding 60 mg /

42、 L of potassium ferrate oxidation 10 min, o-chlorophenol on the removal rate of up to 99.3%. Ma, etc. studies have shown that, in the coagulant dosage is greater than 3 mg / L (Al) under the conditions of adding 0. 14 mg / L of ferrate can be mass concentration of lead in water by 250g / L to 41g /

43、L, lower than the national drinking water health standards required by the permission of the mass concentration (50g / L). However, when the dosage of ferrate to 0. 28 mg / L, the concentration of lead remaining in the water did not further reduced. Ferrate generated by the hydrolysis of highly char

44、ged intermediate and final hydrolyzate generated Fe (OH) 3 colloidal flocculation good, the role of adsorption is of heavy metals in the water its a good performance of the main reasons for removal. Potassium ferrate removal of organic pollutants depends on the effectiveness of potassium ferrate and

45、 the proportion of organic matter The results show that, when the source of water containing 2 mg / L of FA (fulvic acid), respectively, adding 5, 10,25 mg / L of potassium ferrate, oxidation 30 min after the addition of FA to 30%, respectively, , 45% and 87%. Therefore, an appropriate increase in f

46、errate dosage FA to improve the removal rate will be effective. In addition, when the FA of potassium ferrate and the mass ratio of 12:00, ferrate oxidation of water can remove more than 90% of the FA, while in turbid water, under the same conditions, FA removal rate can be increased to 95% . Partic

47、ulate matter may be conducive to the emergence of play ferrate oxidation and flocculation synergies. QU Jiu-hui and Wu Shou-Hsuan in their study also believe that potassium ferrate dosage of potassium ferrate is to decide to remove the effect of the key organisms in the water. Ferrate due to the hig

48、h oxidative stability and depends on the solution pH, while pH and organic matter in the form of aqueous solutions have a direct relationship, so the high pH Ferrate effect of removal of organic matter has important implications. Removal of phenol potassium ferrate studies have shown that, pH = 4 or

49、 pH = 10 under the conditions of a higher removal rate of phenol. Removal of potassium ferrate oxidation mechanism of phenol adsorption is the result of the mechanism. Graham, etc. studied the high-pH Ferrate oxidative degradation of phenol, 4 - chlorophenol (CP), 2, 4 - dichlorophenol (DCP), 2, 4,

50、6 - trichlorophenol ( TCP) the impact and found that: In the pH = 5. 8 11. 0 range of the degradation rate of several organic compounds are highly dependent on pH; optimal pH with the chlorine substituent to reduce the number of: CP (pH = 9. 2 ), DCP (pH = 8), TCP (pH = 7), but in their respective o

51、ptimal pH, the oxidation of organic matter degradation in several rate. 2 Outlook 2.1 to replace the chlorine oxidants Compared with developed countries, China, the larger difference between the water quality of water is not only a higher concentration of organic pollutants and natural organic matte

52、r and higher turbidity, and water complex. With the modern analytical techniques and the development of pollution toxicology, water disinfection by-products in the content standards are increasingly stringent, the use of chlorine oxidant face of unprecedented challenges. Previous studies have shown

53、that potassium ferrate oxidant than chlorine oxidation stronger in disinfection, pre-oxidation removal, removal of nitrogen oxide flocculation show an ideal performance, and, in the application of potassium ferrate the process does not have carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenicity by-product, a high

54、degree of security. Therefore, high Ferrate in the field of drinking water treatment has broad application prospects, is to replace the ideal choice for chlorine oxidants. However, as the most economical of chlorine and water pipes in the network to maintain a certain concentration of residual disin

55、fection to protect water quality, high-speed rail to replace the potassium chloride is also the need to address the 23 / 32continuing Sterilization issues. Potassium ferrate is an excellent magnetic properties can be prepared in order to study potassium ferrate at the core of the magnetron disinfect

56、ant release system, by changing the external magnetic field strength of fixed-point, quantitative release of potassium ferrate to address the high-speed railway acid potassium as a disinfectant for drinking water problem of the continuing anti-virus. 2.2 Control of drinking water sources of organic

57、matter Conventional coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfectant treatment process is mainly applied to the source of unpolluted water. In the current source of drinking water contaminated a wide range of local pollution has been more serious, the premise of high concentrations of organic

58、 matter, the traditional water treatment process very difficult to achieve the processing requirements, resulting in a number of organic compounds, especially the three letter of trace residues of organic pollutants in the drinking water for residents in the potential health threat. Removal of organ

59、ic pollutants in drinking water is now an urgent need to address urban water issues. At present, the development of decontamination techniques, such as advanced oxidation technologies, such as ultrafiltration, although the removal of organic matter with good performance, but because of technology in

60、vestment, operating costs or their own high technology is not perfect, in water treatment applications there are certain difficulties. Potassium ferrate and the versatility of its environment-friendly source of organic matter in water to remove the potential advantages of the application: acid potas