初中英语非谓语动词讲解与练习(动名词+动词不定式)

1、非谓语动词 构成：（to）+动词原形 动词不定式非 在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓 构成：V.-ing 语 动名词动 用法（主、宾、表、定）词 构成：V. -ing / V.-ed（规则变化） 分词 用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成 二、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。 动词宾语 介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。Stamps are used

2、for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表语His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。定语She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be wor

3、th, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend.（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel l

4、ike）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）（二）动词不定式1、 动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。2、 动词不定式的句法功能功能说明主语To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room everyday.=To

5、 clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything

6、to say? 你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1. 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. Its im

7、portant for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。2. 不定式作宾语_x0001_ 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, p

8、lan, expect等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？ 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Why not do., Why don't you do., had better（not）do., would rather do, could/would/will you please（not）do.I would rather stay i

9、n the room.我宁愿待在房间里。3. 不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意：还有一些使一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成 二、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eating too much

10、 is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语 动词宾语 介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表语His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。定语She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。We should i

11、mprove our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend.（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。 完成实践值得忙（finis

12、h, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）（二）动词不定式3、 动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。4、 动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us=It i

13、s not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My

14、mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。4. 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真

15、正的主语放在句末其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. Its important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It's very clever of you to do li

16、ke that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。5. 不定式作宾语_x0001_ 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？ 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Why not

17、do., Why don't you do., had better（not）do., would rather do, could/would/will you please（not）do.I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。6. 不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： My

18、 mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。7. 不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上

19、的动宾关系。 如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。8. 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。一、 典型例题 ( )1. Tom's mother told him _ eating too mu

20、ch meat. A: stopping B: to stop C: stops D: stopped( )2. We don't know _ it next. Let's go and ask Mr. Li. A: what to do B: to do what C: whether to do D: to do whether ( )3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _me. A: help B: helping C: to help D: helps( )4 Drivers shouldn't be

21、 allowed _after drinking, or they will break the law. A: drive B: driving C: to drive役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。9. 不定式作定语

22、 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。10. 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。二、 典型例题 ( )1. Tom's mothe

23、r told him _ eating too much meat. A: stopping B: to stop C: stops D: stopped( )2. We don't know _ it next. Let's go and ask Mr. Li. A: what to do B: to do what C: whether to do D: to do whether ( )3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _me. A: help B: helping C: to help D: helps( )

24、4 Drivers shouldn't be allowed _after drinking, or they will break the law. A: drive B: driving C: to drive( )5. Water Park is a good place_. A: to have fun B: have fun C: having fun D: to have a fun( )6. Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone.

25、Relaxing allows you _to your studies with more energy. A: return B: to return C: returning( )7. Nick, would you mind _those old jeans? They look terrible. A: not to wear B: not wear C: wearing not D: not wearing( )8. _ a volunteer is great. I think so. Some of us want _volunteers for the London Olym

26、pics. A: Being；being B: To be；being C: Being；to be D: To be；to be( )9.Don't forget _your history and politics books tomorrow morning. Thanks. I won't. A: bring B: to bring C: bringing( )10.What about _a rest? OK. Let's go out and have a walk. A: to take B: takes C: taking ( )11. I like t

27、his set of sofa so much, but I don't know _it in my small house. You're supposed to put it in the living room. A: where to put B: why to put C: how to put ( )12. While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped _and lay on the ground, so we all stopped _what was wrong with him.

28、 A: to run; to see B: running; seeing C: running; to see( )13. May I have a rest? I have already finished _the report. A: write B: writing C: to write D: written ( )14.I feel a bit hungry now. Why not _for dinner with us? A: go B: did you go C: to go D: do you go三、 练习( )1. Granny often tells us _wat

29、er in our daily life. A: save B: saving C: to save D: saves( )2. Richard turned off the computer after he had finished _the email. A: write B: to write C: writing D: wrote( )3.We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet. Really? Will you please show me _it? A: how to use B: what to use C:

30、how can I use D: what can I use( )4.Where's your brother now，Bob? I saw him _ in the street a moment ago and I told him _. A: playing；don't do so B: playing；not to do so C: play；to do so ( )5. As teenagers, we're old enough _with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and

31、clean our own rooms. A: to help B: helping C: helped( )6. Nancy is really a hard-working student. We often see her _books in the classroom. A: read B: to read C: reads( )7 Mrs. Smith made her students _the compositions three times a week. A: write B: to write C: written D: writing( )8.Tom often make

32、s his sister , but yesterday he was made by his sister.A: cry; to cry B: to cry; cry C:cry; cry D: to cry; to cry( )9. You'd better _ too much time playing computer games. A: don't spend B: not to spend C: to not spend D: not spend( )10. More and more young people are trying to do something

33、_the old. A: served B: to serve C: serve D: serves( )11. Why not _ an English club to practice _ English? A. to join; to speak B. join; speaking C. join; to speak D. to join; speaking( )12. When we came to the gate, he stopped _ me go in first. A. to let B. to tell C. to allow D. to ask( )13. She sa

34、w some boys _ soccer on the playground when she was on the way to the classroom. A. played B. to play C. playing ( )14. How about going shopping this weekend, Peter? Sorry, I prefer _ rather than _. A. to stay at home; go out B. to go out; stay at home C. staying at home; go out D. Going out; stay a

35、t home ( )15. It's a good habit _ every day. A. to keep doing exercise B. to stay up late C. to make much noise D. to too much ( )16. It's hot. Would you mind my _ the window. _. Do it as you like, please! A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not C. closing; Of course D. Open; Good idea ( )1

36、7. Who do you think you'd like _ with you, a boy or a girl? A. to let to go B. letting to go C. to let go D. let go ( )18. The house was so dirty. They decided _. A. clean it up B. to clean it up C. clean up it D. cleaning up( )19. I heard someone _ the door and . A. open; come in B. to open; to

37、 come in C. open; come into D. to open; to come into( )20. The girl was heard _ the piano in the next room. A. plays B. to play C. played D. play1. This place _ a factory but now it is a park.A. used to beingB. used to be C. is used toD. using to be2. We advise parents _ their children at home alone

38、 in order to keep them away from danger.A. not leave B. not to leave C. leave D. to leave3. Sarah，youd better drink more water after _ for such a long time.A. run B. runs C. to run D. running4. Though he often made his little sister _，today he was made _ by his little sister.A. cry；to cry B. crying；

39、cryingC. cry；cryD. to cry；cry5. Jane was shy. She would not invite her classmates _ speaking English.A. practice B. practices C. practicingD. to practice6.Jim wants to hang out with his friends at night，but his parents dont allow him _ so.A. doB. does C. to do D. doing7. The WWF is working hard _ th

40、e animals in danger.A. saveB. to save C. saves D. saved8. Why not _ your friends for help when you are in trouble.A. askB. to ask C. asks D. asking9. Its too cold today. Would you mind _ the window？ Certainly not. Go ahead.A. to closeB. closingC. closeD. closed10. Alex，I think two hours of TV is eno

41、ugh for you. Could I at least finish _ this show？A. watchingB. to watchC. watch11. Most people enjoy _ other people _ games.A. watching；plays B. to watch；to playC. watching；playing D. watching；to play12. Thanks for _ me with my English. Its my pleasure. Im glad youve made such great progress.A. help

42、B. to helpC. helping13. We are making plans _ gifts to sick children in the hospital and raise money for homeless people.A. to hand out B. hand out C. handing out14. Mr. Smith told his son _ the football match because of the exam.A. not to watchB. to not watchC. not watchingD. doesnt watch15. China

43、is getting better and better at making high technology products. Thats right. People around the world can hardly avoid _ products made in China.A. not buying B. not to buy C. to buy D. buying16. Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child？ Yes. But now I realize I was wrong. I really regr

44、et _ that silly thing to my mum.A. do B. to do C. doing D. did17. Our teacher tells us _ on the street because its too dangerous.A. not play soccer B. not to play soccer C.to not play soccer18. We are too tired. Lets stop _ a rest.A. to have B. have C. having19. Its necessary for us _ to our parents

45、 when we have problems.A. to talk B. talking C. talk20. A lot of people dance on the square _ after dinner.A. to keep healthyB. kept healthyC. keeps healthyD. keep healthy21. Why didnt Peter _ his homework？ He said he had lost his workbook. I think its an excuse.A. does B. doing C. do D. did22. This

46、 sign is used _ tourists to stay away from the lion in the zoo.A. to warn B. to warning C. to make D. to making23. I was tired out，so I stopped the car _ a short rest.A. haveB. having C. to have D. had24. So beautiful flowers！I cant decide _ for my mom. For Mothers Day，it cant be better to take some

47、 carnations（康乃馨).A. when to chooseB.which to chooseC. how to choose25. What should we take when going birdwatching？ We should take a pair of binoculars _ the birds clearly.A. see B. seeing C. to see D. sees26. The traffic signs warn people _ after drinking.A. to driveB. not to drive C. drivingD. don

48、t drive27. When you leave，please turn off the lights _ energy.A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved28.His uncle would rather _ in the countryside than _ to the city.A. stay；movingB. to stay；moveC. stay；moveD. to stay；to move29. My friend invited me _ the art club，and I accepted it with pleasure.A. j

49、oin B. to join C. joined D. joining30. Martin was so busy _ the old that he gave up his part-time job.A. helpingB. helped C. to help D. help31. If all of us pull together，there must be something we can do _.A. improve the environment B.to improve the environmentC. improving the environmentD. improve

50、d the environment32. In this school，the students are asked _ mobile phones.A. not to useB. not usingC. not useD. to not use33. Look！ There are some birds _ in the sky. They are very beautiful.A. to fly B. fly C. flying D. flown34. We stopped _，but there was not any sound.A. to listenB. listens C. listen D. listening35. I really dont know _ this quest