大纲核心词汇

1、高考英语核心词汇* ability能力；才能【常见短语】 ability to do sth. of high / low / average ability sbs abilities as sth. to the best of your ability【词典例句】 1. The health center serves all patients, regardless of their ability to pay. (Longman) 2. The system has the ability to run more than one program at the same time.

2、 (Oxford)【高考考例】 1. The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. (湖南 2011) 2. If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.【用法搭配】 表示能力时，后面常常用动词不定式作定语而不能用of doing sth. I admire people who have the ability of being positiv

3、e. (×) I admire people who have the ability to be positive. ()* access (接近的)方法；通路；可接近性【常见短语】 have / get / gain / deny access to easy access to .【词典例句】 1. We have access to the Internet at the library. (Merriam-Webster) 2. The police managed to gain access through an upstairs window. (Longman)【高

4、考考例】 The system has been designed to give students quick and easy access to the digital resources of the library. (浙江2009)【用法搭配】 注意access后面常常跟介词to, 其形容词为accessible；后面也同样和介词to搭配。如：The information should be accessible to all.*adapt 改变；改编；适应 【常见短语】 adapt sth. for sth. adapt oneself to sth.【词典例句】 1. Mos

5、t of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people. (Oxford) 2. The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments. (Cambridge) 3. The teachers adapted the curriculum so that students of all abilities will benefit from it. (Merriam-Webster)【高考考例】The

6、 good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments. (浙09)【用法搭配】1. adapt意为“改变”时，相当于modify；意为“适应”时，相当于adjust。2. 注意其形似词：adopt 收养，采用。* admit 承认；准予进入【常见短语】 admit defeat / responsibility I dont mind admitting .【词典例句】 1. You will not be admitted to the theatre after the performan

7、ce has started. (Oxford) 2. I didnt think Id like the movie, but I have to admit that it was good. (Merriam-Webster) 【高考考例】 If you leave the club, you will not be admitted back in. (2009全国卷II)【用法搭配】 admit 可以用作及物动词和不及物动词，常见搭配如下： admit (to) sth. / doing sth. admit that . admit to sb. that . be admitte

8、d that .* against 反对；紧靠；预防；以为背景【常见短语】 against the law / ones will / ones principle vote / fight / compete against【词典例句】 1. Some people were for the proposal but others were against it. (Merriam-Webster) 2. His parents were angry when they learned he had borrowed the car against their wishes. (Merria

9、m-Webster)【高考考例】 1. Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree. (四川2010) 2. My father warned me against going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists. (津 2010)【用法搭配】 注意against为介词，后面可以跟名词，表示反对或违背某事物等；还可以和动词连用构成短语，如go against, play against等。* apply 涂；应用；申请【常见短语】 apply f

10、or a job / passport apply to a company apply in person / by letter【词典例句】 1. To apply for our credit card, just fill out this form and send it to us. (Merriam-Webster) 2. We can handle these problems effectively if we apply the lessons learned from past experiences. (Merriam-Webster) 3. By the time I

11、 saw the job advertised it was already too late to apply. (Cambridge) 4. If you apply yourself, you might be able to finish the project on time. (Merriam-Webster)【高考考例】 How can I apply for an online course? (北京2007)【用法搭配】 apply (to sb.) for sth. apply to do sth. apply sth. to sth. apply yourself to

12、sth. / to doing sth.available 可利用的；可用到的；有用的【常见短语】 make / have sth. available become available【词典例句】 1. Meetings were held to update employees as soon as new information became available. (Longman) 2. There are plenty of jobs available in the area. (Longman)【高考考例】 1. Just use this room for the time b

13、eing, and well offer you a larger one as soon as it becomes available. 2. There are plenty of jobs available in the western part of the country. (浙江 2008)* beyond 超出；超过 【常见短语】 beyond sb. beyond recognition / belief / repair / descriptionbeyond ones control / reach / ability【词典例句】 1. From the house w

14、e can see the valley and the mountains beyond it. (Merriam-Webster) 2. Tonights performance has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our control. (Cambridge)【高考考例】 1. Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story. (2009全国卷I) 2. . the old one has been damaged beyond repai

15、r. (江苏2008) 3. Elizabeth has already achieved success beyond her wildest dreams. (陕西008)* charge 主管；指控；收费；充电【常见短语】 free of charge without charge in charge of take charge of【词典例句】 1. He wanted to take charge of the organization. (Merriam-Webster) 2. The concert at the school is free of charge. (Merri

16、am-Webster) 3. After being questioned by the police; she was released without charge. (Oxford)【高考考例】 1. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone when local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (江苏2009) 2. Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales, please? (山东 2007

17、)【用法搭配】 Charge用作动词，意为“收费”时，常用charge sb. for sth.；意为“指控”时，常用be charged with/charge sb. with sth.。* convenient 方便的；附近的【常见短语】 be convenient for sb. / sth.【词典例句】 1. It might be more convenient to use a calculator, rather than adding the numbers yourself. (Merriam-Webster) 2. What time would it be conven

18、ient for me to come round? (Cambridge) 3. I find it convenient to be able to do my banking by phone. (Cambridge)【高考考例】 1. Would it be convenient for you to pick me up at four oclock and take-me to the airport? (山东 2008) 2. If it is quite convenient to you, I will visit you next Tuesday. (天津2005)【用法搭

19、配】 convenient一般不用表示人的词做主语，常用于句型：It is convenient for sb. to do* doubt 怀疑【常见短语】 There is no / little / some doubt about . in doubt beyond doubt raise doubts about. cast doubt on .【词典例句】 1. There is no doubt in my mind that he is the best candidate. (Merriam-Webster) 2. The future of the stadium is in

20、 doubt because of a lack of money. (Cambridge) 3. If theres any doubt about the rockets engines, we ought to cancel the launch. (Cambridge)【高考考例】 1. There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project. (安徽 2009) 2. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt t

21、hat a cure for AIDS will be found. (广东2005)* expect 期望；预计【常见短语】 expect sth. from sb. I (dont) expect so It is expected that . as expected, . expect (sb.) to do sth. sb./sth. be expected to do expect a lot of sb. / expect too much of sb. How do / can you expect .? 【词典例句】 1. Its expected that the new

22、products will be available next month. (Merriam-Webster) 2. Hes still getting over his illness, so dont expect too much from him. (Oxford) 3. As expected, the whole family was shocked by the news. (Longman)【高考考例】 1. You cant predict everything. Often things dont work out as you expect. (江西2011) 2. D

23、uty is an act or a course of action that people expect you to take by social customs, law or religion. (湖北2011)* fail 失败；不及格；出故障；衰退【常见短语】 fail in sth. fail to do sth. I fail to see / understand .【词典例句】 1. I fail in my attempt to persuade her. (Oxford) 2. I passed in history but failed in chemistry.

24、(Longman) 3. The planes engine failed, forcing an emergency landing. (Merriam-Webster)【高考考例】 1. William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail. (2011 全国卷I) 2. Youve failed to do what you were expected to and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you. (四川2010)

25、【用法搭配】 Fail可以做既无动词和不及物动词，用作不及物动词时，常构成fail in sth.。fail后面常跟动词不定式，表示不能够做某事。 find发现；找出；感到【常见短语】 find fault (with sb./sth.) find out find one's way find a solution to【词典例句】 1. 1 wanted to talk to him but he was nowhere to be found. (Oxford)；2. 1 find it hard to concentrate with that music playing. (

26、Webster-Merriam)3. 1 found them quite easy to use. (Longman)【高考考例】1. The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.（山东2011)：2. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for words.（浙江2011)3. She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the Children h

27、ad eaten everything! (山东2011)【用法搭配】find的用法很广。当跟双宾语时，常常用于以下句型：1. find it hard / easy / difficult, etc. to do sth.2. find宾语形容词动词不定式动词-ing形式过去分词3. find oneself doing sth.有时候可以表示出乎意料的发现 fit适合；安装；与···一致；健康的；恰当的【常见短语】 fit in (with sb. / sth.)； keep fit be fit for sb. / sth be. fit to do sth

28、.【词典例句】 1. 1 tried the dress on but it didn't fit. (Oxford)2. They fitted a smoke alarm to the ceiling. (Oxford)；3. I just dont think hes fit for this job. (Webster-Merriam)4. 1 swim twice a week to try and keep fit. (Longman)，【高考考例】 1. My schedule is very tight right now, but Ill try to fit you

29、 in. （浙江2011)2. Swimming is my favorite sport. There is nothing like swimming as a means of keeping fit.【用法搭配】 fit作动词，一般指形状和大小合适；用作形容词时，可以用于句型：be fit for sth或者be fit to do sth. gain获得；增加；（指钟表）走得太快【常见短语】 gain entry / entrance / access to gain independence / support / experience / confident gain an un

30、derstanding / insight / impression of gain weight / strength【词典例句】 1. There is much to be gained from seeking expert advice early. (Longman) 2. I gained a lot of weight while I was on holiday. (Cambridge) 3. My watch gains two minutes every 24 hours. (Oxford)【高考考例】Children who are not active or whos

31、e diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.（北京2010) happen发生；碰巧【常见短语】 It happened that as it happens / happened happen to sb.【词典例句】 1. She pressed the button but nothing happened. (Oxford) 2. It happened that she was out when we called. (Oxford) 3. The children happened to be asleep when we call

32、ed. (Webster-Merriam) 4. As it happened, it rained that day. (Webster-Merriam)【高考考例】 1. 1 was out of town at the time. So I don't know exactly how it happened. (山东2009) 2. One day while walking along the bank of a lake, the girl happened to see 20 eggs laid by a wild goose. (2007全国卷1) 3. Eliza r

33、emembers everything exactly as if it happened yesterday. (2006全国卷I)【用法搭配】 happen一般表示偶然发生，不能用被动形式：还可以表示碰巧，常用句型为It happened that 或者happen to do sth. have 【常见用法】 have的意思很多常见的用法有： 1. 表示携带：have sth. on / with sb. 2表示做某事：have a look / walk / sleep / talk /think, etc. 3表示吃饭：have breakfast / lunch / dinner

34、/ a meal, etc. 4表示经历：have a good / hard / terrible. etc. time 5. 表示生病：have a cold / cough / cancer 6. 表示有时间: have time to do sth. 7表示让某人做某事：have one's hair cut / your house painted, etc. 8表示主语的某种遭遇：have sth. stolen / broken /taken, etc. 9. 表示把某事准备好或完成：have sth. ready /done / finished, etc. 10. 表

35、示让某人做某事：have sb. dodoing sth.【词典例句】 1. We didn't want to do it, but we had no choice. (Webster-Merriam) 2. I was having difficulty in staying awake. (Oxford) 【高考考例】 1. Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left. (陕西2011) 2. Just a minute. I'll have Bob show you to your room

36、. (北京2007) 3. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period. (福建2007) however不管多么；然而【词典例句】1. Sales are up this quarter. However, expenses have increased as well. ( Webster- Merriam)2. She couldnt convince him, however hard she tried. ( Webs

37、ter- Merriam)【高考考例】1. An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons character; however, they are not always permanent. (湖北2011)2. However hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread. (辽宁 2008)【用法搭配】however 可以用作连词和副词： 用作连词引导状语从句， 后面常常跟形容词或者副词， 相当于no matter

38、 how adj. / adv. ; 用作副词时， 常常单独使用， 后面常用逗号与其后的句子分开。 imagine 想象【常见短语】I cant imagineIts difficult / easy/ possible/ impossible, etc. to imagine sth.imagine sb. / sth. as sth. I imagine so.【词典例句】1. After such a dry summer, its difficult to imagine what rain looks like. (Longman)2. Imagine (that) youre ea

39、ting an ice creamtry to feel how cold it is. (Cambridge)3. She imagined walking into the office and handing in her resignation. (Oxford)【高考考例】1. Hard to imagine his legs were once broken. (浙江2007)2. It is difficult to imagine his accepting the decision without any consideration. (陕西 2006)【用法搭配】imagi

40、ne 后不能直接跟动词不定式，而要用动词-ing 形式，动词-ing 形式前还可以有自己的逻辑主语。 it 为代词， 指代的用法很多，高考常见的有：Rumor has it that As sb. put it,Its believed / considered that. It seems thatIt is . that / who (强调句式)enjoy/ love/ like/ hate it + when 从句appreciate it if 从句 manage / make it I cant help it.【词典例句】1. It appears that the two lea

41、ders are holding secret talks. (Oxford)2. They made it clear that they needed our help. (Webster-Merriam)3. It was in New Zealand that Elizabeth first met Mr. Cronje. (Longman)4. I would appreciate it if you would tell your father to call me. (Webster-Merriam)【高考考例】1. The employment rate has continu

42、ed to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.（北京2011)2. Why don't you bring it to his attention that you're too ill to work on? (江西2011)keep保持；保存；保护；保留；保守；记下；饲养【常见短语】keep one's balancekeep (sb.) warm / safe / dry / quiet / silent keep one's p

43、romise / wordkeep a diaryan account / a record keepfrom.【词典例句】1. I'm very sorry to keep you waiting. (Oxford)2. The local newspaper keeps people informed about what's happening in town. (Webster-Merriam)【高考考例】1. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded of

44、his own dreams.2. Simon made a big bamboo box to keep the little sick bird till it could fly.（四川2011)【用法搭配】keep后面如果跟动词时，要用动词-ing形式，还可以用于句型“keep宾语形容词动词-ing形式过去分词”。free 【常用义】 adj. 自由的，空闲的【特别关注】1. adj. 不受约束的，不受限制的，言行自由的 eg. Everyone is free to express himself. 每个人都可以畅所欲言。【考例】 (2009全国II) And you should

45、feel free to call or visit me. 2. adj. 免费的eg. They offered us free tickets to the show. 他们给了我们几张展览会的免费票。【考例】 (2010重庆) Everything comes with a price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world. 3. adj. 不含有害物质的，不受伤害(或影响等)的eg. People with certain diseases have to eat salt-free foods. 患有某些病的人只能吃不

46、含盐的食物。 【考例】 (2009北京) The author believes that her future will be free from troubles.4. v. 释放，使自由eg. The tiny mouse freed the great lion. 小老鼠终于救了大狮子。【考例】 (2010江西) Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence. freeze 【常用义】 v. 结冰，（使）冻结【特别关注】1. v. （使）冻死，极冷 eg. Every time she opens the

47、 window, we all freeze. 每次她打开窗，我们都冻得要死。【考例】(2008 辽宁) How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? 2. v. （因害怕等）不动，停住，惊呆，吓呆eg. The police officer shouted “Freeze!” and the man dropped the gun. 警察大喊“不许动！” 那个男人便放下了枪。【考例】 (2009湖南) Grandfather froze in fear. Was he going to lose the job?3. v. 使

48、定格eg. Freeze the action there! 把这个画面定格在那里！ 【考例】 (2007 湖南) Why do we all seek to freeze in time the faces of our children, our parents, our lovers, and ourselves?hit 【常用义】 v. 击，打 【特别关注】1. v. 击中，命中 eg. A bullet hit him in the head. 一颗子弹击中了他的头部。【考例】(2008 浙江) An apple fell from the tree and hit him on t

49、he head. 2. v. (自然灾害，疾病等) 袭击，使遭受eg. An earthquake hit Wenchuan on May 12, 2008. 2008年5月12日，汶川遭受了一场猛烈的地震。【考例】（2009福建）The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any delay, when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.3. v. (突然)想到或找到（与on, upon等连用） eg. She was scared he might

50、 hit on the truth. 她非常害怕他或许会发现事实的真相。【考例】 （2010湖北）The impressive inventor, Thomas Edison, used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas. 4. n. 轰动一时的人或事，很受欢迎的人（或事物） eg. The song became a hit at once. 这首歌曲立刻风靡一时。hard 【常用义】 adv. 努力地，费力地，艰难地【特别关注】 1. adv. 沉重地，大量地，长时间地 eg. It was snowing hard. 当时下着大雪。

51、【考例】 (2007 上海) No matter how hard the rain falls and the wind blows, the police keep to their posts. 2. adj. 难做的，难懂的，难以回答的eg. Its hard to believe that shes only nine. 很难相信她只有九岁。【考例】（2007 浙江）- Look！Hes running so fast! -Hard to imagine his legs were once broken.3. adj. 艰难的，艰苦的，困苦的eg. As life was very

52、 hard, I used to work to help bring money in for the family. 因为生活很苦难，我常常干活为家里挣些钱。【考例】（2010 北京）And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Lation America or Israel.4. adj. 坚固的，坚硬的，结实的eg. Diamond is the hardest known mineral. 钻石是已知的最坚硬的矿石。【考例】（2008安徽）Although some books with hard covers

53、are expensive, lack缺少：缺乏【常见短语】through / for lack of sth. Lack for nothing 应有尽有【词典例句】1. She has never been accused of lacking confidence. (Webster-Merriam)2. The trip was cancelled through lack of interest. (Oxford)3. The food is lacking in salt. (Penguin)【高考考例】1. The lack of eco-friendly habits amon

54、g the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change. 2. More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space. (福建2010)【用法搭配】lack可以用作名词和动词，用作动词时，后面不能跟in 或 of, 如： We lack ideas. 不能说： We lack in/ of ideas. 但可以说：We are lacking in ideas. last 最后的； 上一个； 持续【常见短

55、语】The last person/ thing, etc. to do sth.last but not leastat last 【词典例句】1. I hate being the last one to arrive at a meeting. (Cambridge)2. They say the snow will last until the end of next week. (Cambridge)【高考考例】1. In the last few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world.（天津2011)2. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.（江苏2009)【