2019年职称英语考试阅读理解冲刺练习题2

1、2019 年职称英语考试阅读理解冲刺练习题 2第 2 篇、 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some PredictIn a finding that may speed efforts to conserve oil, scientists in Kuwait predict that world conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014. This prediction is almost a decade earlier than some o

2、ther predictions Their study is inACS' Energy Fuels1 Ibrahim Nashawi and colleagues point out that rapid growth in global oil consumption has sparked a growing interest in predicting "peak oil" "Peak oil "is the point where oilproduction reaches a maximum and then declines. S

3、cientists have developed several models to forecast this point, and some put the date at 2020 or later. One of the most famous forecast models is called the Hubbert model2. It assumes that global oil production will follow a bell shaped curve3. A related concept is that4 of "Peak Oil." The

4、 term "Peal Oil" indicates the moment in which world wide production Will peak, afterwards to start on irreversible decline The Hubbert model accurately predicted that oil production would peak in the United States in 1970. The model has since gained in popularity and has been used to fore

5、cast oil production worldwide However, recent studies show that the model is insufficient to account for5 more complex oil production cycles of some countries Those cycles can be heavily influenced by technology changes, politics, and other factors, the scientists say.The new study describes develop

6、ment of a new version of the Hubbert model that provides a more realistic and accurate oil production forecast Using the new model, the scientists evaluated the oil production trends of 47 major oil-producing countries, which supply most of the world' s conventionalcrude oil6 They estimated that

7、 worldwide conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014, years earlier than anticipated. The scientists also showed that the world's oil reserves7 arebeing reduced at a rate of 2.1 percent a year. The new model could help inform energy-related decisions and public policy debate, they sugg

8、est.词汇： Conserve v 保护，保存 crude oil 原油 spark v 闪耀；激发；鼓舞 curve n 曲线 irreversible adj 不可逆的，不可改变的 insufficient adj. 充分的，不足的注释：1. ACS' Energy & Fuels : ACS是 American Chemical Society（ 美国化学学会 ） 的缩写。该学会成立于 l876 年，现已成为世 界的科技协会。多年来，ACS-直致力于为世界化学研究机构、企业及 个人提供高品质的文献资讯及服务。ACS出版的期刊有34种，这些期刊在化学领域中是被引用次数最多

9、的化学期刊，EnergyFuels 即是其中-本。2. the Hubbert model ：赫伯特模型是美国地质学家 M. King Hubbert 于 1956年创建的，这是-个随时间增长的模型， Hubbert 将其引入油 气田开发，经推导使其成为一个能够预测油气田累积产量、瞬时产量、 年产量和可采储量等多项开发指标的多功能预测模型。3 a bell shaped curve ：钟形曲线4 that of peak oil：that 指代 concept 。5 account for ：说明，解释6 conventional crude oil ：常规原油7 oil reserves ：

10、石油储量。通常使用复数形式 reserves 。 练习： 1Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "sparked" appearing in paragraph 2?A flashedBstimulatedCchangedDended2 The term "a bell shaped curve" appearing in paragraph 2 indicates that global oil production willA take the shape of a fla

11、t curveB keep growing C keep declining D start to decline after global oil production peaks3 Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?A It successfully predicted that oil production peaked in the U S in l 970 B It has been used to predict oil production in many countries C It is insuf

12、ficient to explain oil production cycles insome countries D It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production4 What is the major achievement of the new study mentionedin the last paragraph?A It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014B It predicts oil production will decline in 47 cou

13、ntriesC It confirms further the effectiveness of the Hubbert modelD It discovers a new trend of Worldwide oil production5 Who develop the new version of the Hubbert model?A American scientists B Kuwaiti scientistsC British scientistsD Scientists of 47 major oil-producing countries答案与题解： 1B spark 一词做

14、及物动词使用时有 "发动"、"激发"的 意思，在此意为 stimulated ，即" 引发" ，这个句子的意思是：世界石 油消费的快速增长已引发了对 "石油峰值 "预测的兴趣。2. D此句接下来的句子中所提到的 a related concept 即是与a bell shaped curve 相关的概念，也就是说，接下来的这个句子对 a bell shaped curve 做了解释，即世界石油生产达到峰值后将下降。3 D 文章的第三段告诉我们， Hubbert 预测模型精确地预测到美国石 油生产于 1970 年将达

15、到峰值。这个模型自受到公认后，已用于预测世 界石油生产。第四段说，这个模型对于某些国家更加复杂的石油生产 周期来说，其计算尚不充分。这些生产周期受到技术的改变、政策和 其他因素的很大影响。所以， A B和C都是对Hubbert模型的准确说 明。4. A选项& C和D所述内容均未在文章中提到。最后一段告诉我们， 科学家使用新的模型评估了 47 个主要的产油国家的石油生产趋势，并 预计世界常规原油生产到2014年将达峰值。所以，A是答案。5. B短 文第一段的第一个句子提供了答案。第二篇 世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值科威特科学家预测世界常规原油产量将在 2014年达到峰值，这个发 现可

16、能会促动储存石油的努力。这个预测比其他预测提前了将近十年， 已经发表在美国化学学会能量与燃料杂志上。伊布赫姆纳夏威和同事们指出，世界石油消耗的快速增长使人 们对“石油峰值”预测的兴趣越来越浓。“石油峰值”指的是石油产 量达到值后开始 下降的时间点。科学家已经构建了几个模型来预测这 个时间，有些模型认为这个时间在 2020年或更晚。其中最的预测模型 之一是赫伯特模型。赫伯特模型认 为世界石油产量呈钟形曲线，与此 相关的概念是“石油峰值”。这个术语指的是世界石油产量达到峰值 的那一刻，之后将表现无法逆转的下降趋势。赫伯特模型精确地预测到美国石油产量于 1970年达到峰值。这 个模型从此受到欢迎，已经用于预测世界石油生产。但是，最近研究表明，