基础职业人机工程学PPT学习教案

1、会计学1基础职业人机工程学基础职业人机工程学Ergonomics is a Process, Not a Program人体工程学应用不是一个项目，而是一个过程人体工程学应用不是一个项目，而是一个过程Ergonomics人体工程学人体工程学人体工程学认知度培养发现问题纠正问题结果审核第1页/共27页Why is Ergonomics?为什么要研究人机工程学？为什么要研究人机工程学？Ergonomics 人体工程学人体工程学Ergonomics is fitting the job to the person.人机工程学研究的是怎样让工作更适于人。人机工程学研究的是怎样让工作更适于人。第2页/共

2、27页The Industrial Athlete职场竞技者职场竞技者Ergonomics 人体工程学人体工程学第3页/共27页Performance EnablingThe Industrial Athlete职场竞技者职场竞技者Ergonomics人体工程学人体工程学有利于增进表现不利于增进表现Performance Disabling第4页/共27页Business Agenda 商业议程商业议程第5页/共27页WMSDs are disorders of:MusclesNervesTendons / LigamentsJoints / CartilageSpinal DiscsThe

3、disorders occur as a result of months and years of overuse of the body such that they become sore and sometimes unusable.WMSDs are not instantaneous or acute events like a fall or trip.WMSDs 累积损伤疾病累积损伤疾病What are Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders?什么是累积损伤疾病？什么是累积损伤疾病？累积损伤疾病是肌肉、神经、肌腱韧带、软组织及椎间盘的紊乱失

4、调。由于常年累月的透支导致肢体酸痛，动弹不得。累积损伤疾病不是因为受到瞬间剧烈伤害(如磕碰)造成的。第6页/共27页Work-related indicates that they occur in relation to certain activities performed routinely on the job.劳损表示这类损伤往往与工作中某种经常进行的动作相关。劳损表示这类损伤往往与工作中某种经常进行的动作相关。Common terms used to refer to WMSD: Cumulative Trauma Disorders Repetitive Motion Diso

5、rders Repetitive Strain Injuries Overuse Syndrome累积损伤疾病的常用同义词有：劳损、反复动作紊乱、重复性肌肉拉伤、操劳过度综合症WMSDs 累积损伤疾病累积损伤疾病What are Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders?什么是累积损伤疾病？什么是累积损伤疾病？第7页/共27页WMSDs 累积损伤疾病累积损伤疾病Would You Do it This Way?你会这样做吗？你会这样做吗？人体工程学是一种态度，是一种看待工作环境的方式！第8页/共27页The “Trauma Bucket”损伤水桶损伤水桶WM

6、SDs 累积损伤疾病累积损伤疾病TraumaHealingValveTraumaHealingValveWMSD损伤恢复阀损伤恢复阀累积损伤疾病第9页/共27页WMSDs 累积损伤疾病累积损伤疾病姿势频率用力How Do WMSDs Occur?累积损伤疾病是怎么产生的？累积损伤疾病是怎么产生的？第10页/共27页How Do WMSDs Occur?累积损伤疾病是怎么产生的？累积损伤疾病是怎么产生的？Risk Factors 风险因素风险因素Posture 姿势姿势 Extreme postures stress joints and occlude blood flow姿势不当导致关节受压

7、，血流不畅Force 用力用力 Tasks with forceful exertions place higher loads on joints and connective tissues用力操作时关节和韧带负荷加大Frequency 频率频率 Extreme frequencies repetition and duration can contribute to fatigue debt高频重复-单调重复导致疲劳 The longer the period of continuous work, the longer recovery time needed连续工作时间越长，所需恢复

8、时间越长第11页/共27页Types of WMSDs累积损伤疾病的类型累积损伤疾病的类型WMSDs 累积损伤疾病累积损伤疾病Basic types of WMSDs:累积损伤疾病的基本类型 Tendon disorders肌腱受损 Nerve disorders局部神经损伤 Neurovascular disorders神经血管损伤 Back disorders 背伤第12页/共27页 Unstable Structure不稳定结构不稳定结构Back Disorders背痛背痛WMSDs 累积损伤疾病累积损伤疾病第13页/共27页 Leaky Discs 椎间盘连接椎间盘连接 Unstabl

9、e Structure不稳定结构Types of WMSDs累积损伤疾病的类型累积损伤疾病的类型WMSDs 累积损伤疾病累积损伤疾病第14页/共27页 Leaky Discs椎间盘连接 Unstable Structure不稳定结构 Uneven Forces受力不均受力不均Types of WMSDs累积损伤疾病的类型累积损伤疾病的类型WMSDs 累积损伤疾病累积损伤疾病第15页/共27页 Tight Tolerances冗余量小冗余量小 Leaky Discs Unstable Structure Uneven Forces Inefficient LeverTypes of WMSDs累

10、积损伤疾病的类型累积损伤疾病的类型WMSDs 累积损伤疾病累积损伤疾病神经原椎间盘连接不稳定结构受力不均低效杠杆作用第16页/共27页Types of WMSDs累积损伤疾病的类型累积损伤疾病的类型WMSDs 累积损伤疾病累积损伤疾病One-time exertion injuries猛然用力损伤 Sprain tear a ligament扭伤-韧带撕裂 Strain tear a tendon扯伤-肌腱撕裂Degenerative disc diseases椎间盘退化 Weakening of the disc椎间盘变薄Herniated/ruptured/bulging discs椎间盘

11、突出、破裂或错位 Tearing/cracking of the disc椎间盘撕裂第17页/共27页F1 X D1 = F2 X D250 lbs. (23kg.)20 in. (50 cm)50 lbs. (23kg.)20 in. (50 cm)WMSDs 累积损伤疾病累积损伤疾病第18页/共27页50 lbs.(23 kg.)8 in. (20 cm)32 in. (80 cm)F1 X D1 = F2 X D2F1 x 20 cm = 23kg X 80 cm F1 = (23kg X 80 cm) / (20cm) = (1840 kg/cm) / (20cm) = (92kg)B

12、iomechanics of the Back背部受力平衡式背部受力平衡式WMSDs 累积损伤疾病累积损伤疾病第19页/共27页Biomechanics of the Back背部受力平衡式背部受力平衡式WMSDs 累积损伤疾病累积损伤疾病下背杠杆平衡下背杠杆平衡第20页/共27页WMSDs 累积损伤疾病累积损伤疾病弯腰搬运时背部的压力效应第21页/共27页WMSDs 累积损伤疾病累积损伤疾病重心前移的压力效应第22页/共27页nFrequency搬运频率NIOSH MultipliersNOISE系数系数NIOSH Lifting EquationNOISE搬运计算式搬运计算式第23页/共27页Hori水平位置Maximum = 25 (64 cm)Minimum = 10 (25 cm)Maximum = 70 (178 cm)Minimum = 0 (0 cm)垂直位置Maximum = 70 (178 cm)Minimum = 10 (25 cm)位移Maximum = 135Minimum = 0扭转第24页/共27页风险向风险向 量分析量分析Risk Prioritization MatrixHigh CostLow Cost高影响成本高高影响成本低Our team came up with 14 ideas