最新人教版英语必修四课文电子版

1、欢迎來上页下载粘品文档Unit 1 Women of achievementReadingA STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFEIt is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa?Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest? Jane has studied these families of cliiinps for

2、 many years and helped people understand how much they behave like lnunans. Watcliing a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tixe the night before? Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while

3、 the family beings to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest? Most of the time, cliiinps eitliei- feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family? Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired aiid dirty by the afternoon and she is right? Howev

4、er, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother cliimp and her babies play in the tree. Them we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between membei s of a chimp family is as long as in a human family?Nobody before Jane fiilly understood chi

5、mp behaviour? She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. Howe ei this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest? Only after her mother

6、came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project? Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discoxred was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed

7、cliiinps as a gioup hunting a monkey and then eating it. Slic also discovered how cliiinps communicate with each other, and liei* study of their body language helped her work out theii- social system?Four fbity years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world imderstand and r

8、espect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements? She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely? She is leading a busy life but she says: "Once stop,I it all comes crowding in and

9、I remember the chimps in laboratories? It's terrible ? It affects me when I watch the wild chimps?Isay to myself, "Aren 7 they luck?9 And then I tliiiik about small chinas in cages though they have done nothing vroiig? Once you haveseen that you can ne er forget.She has acliieved everything

10、 she wanted to do: working with animals in their own em ironment, gaining a doctor's degiee aiid showing tliat women can live in the forest as men can? She inspiics those who want to cheer tlic achievement of women.Using languageWHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORD?I eiijoyed English, biology, and che

11、mistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at粘品文档欢迎來上页下载粘品文档university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.By chance I came across an ailicle about a doctor called Lili Qiaozlii, a specialist iu womens

12、 diseases? She lived from 1901 to 1983? It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, traveling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of them caught my eye. I was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies? She ga e some sim

13、ple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free fioni sickness? Why did she write that? Who were the women that Lin Qiaozlii thought needed tliis adxice? I looked caiefiilly at the text and realized that it was intended for women ill the countryside. Perhaps if they had an emergency t

14、hey could not reach a doctor.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. That was a generation when girl's education was always placed second to boys'? Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me realize that it was liaid w

15、ork and deteiuiiiiation as well as her gentle natuie that got her into medical school. Wliat made lier succeed later on was the kindness and consideiation she showed to all her patients. There was stoiy after stoiy of how Lin Qiaozlii, tired after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a ba

16、by for a poor family who could not pay her.By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin Qiaozlii had devoted her whold life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own? Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered. By this time

17、I was very excited? Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozlii and cany on her good work? It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and.Unit 2 Working the landA PILNEER FOR ALL PEOPLEAlthougli he is one of China's most famou

18、s scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a fanner, for he works the land to do his research? Indeed, his sunburnt face and anus and liis slim, stiong body are just like those of millions of Chinese fannei s, for whom lie lias struggled for the past five decades? Di* Yuan Longpiiig grows wliat i

19、s called super hybrid rice ? ID 1974. he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to glow rich that has a high output. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields? Now more than 60% of the rice produced in Cliina each year is fi om

20、 tliis hybrid strain?粘品文档欢迎来上贝下载粘品文档Bom in 1930. Di* Yuan graduated from Southwest Agiicultiual College in 1953? Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, lie saw the great need for increasing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a distuibiiig problem in

21、 niaiiy parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan seaiched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. Ill 1950, Chinese fanners could produce only fifty million tons of rice? In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced? These increase

22、d harvests mean that 22% fo the world's people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China? Dr Yuaii is now ciiculating liis knowledge in India, Vietnam and many otliei' less developed comitiies to increase tlieir nee harvests. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to

23、 rid the world of lnuiger ? Using liis hybrid rice, fanners are producing hanests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his lif ? Howevc; he doesn't care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather keep time for his hobbies?

24、He eiijoys listening to violin music, playing mali-jong, swimming and reading ? Spending money on liiniself or leading a coinfoitablc life also means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. He therefore gives niilEoiis of yuan to

25、 equip otliei s for tlieii* reseaich in agriculture ?Just dieaming for things, however, costs notliiiig. Long ago Dr Yuan had a dieam about rice plants as tall as a peanut? Dr Yuan awoke from liis dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people? Now、many years later. Dr Y

26、uan has another dieam: to export his rice so that it can be grown aiound the globe? One dieam is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for liis people?Using LanguageCHE>nCAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common i

27、n fanning. Many fanners welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production? Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and,even more dangerous, to peopled health?What are some of the problems caused by c

28、hemical fertilizers? First、they damage the land by killing the helpful bactena and pests as well as the hannful ones? Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a ling time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and caimot just b

29、e washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up ill peopled bodies over time? Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food giovu with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be fiill of much nutrition. They may look beau

30、tiftil, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries, some fanners and many customers are beginning to tiuu to organic fanning. Oiganic fanning is simply fanning without using any chemicals? They focus on 精品文档欢迎來上页下载粘品文档keeping their soil rich and free of

31、disease? A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops glow strong and healthy? Oiganic fanners, therefore, often prefer using natiual waste from animals as fertilizer ? They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile?Tliis also keeps the aii water and crop

32、s free from chemicals?Organic fanners also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile? They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing coni or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into th

33、e soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or com that need rich and fertile soil. Organic fanners also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use tlie grouncTs suiface followed by x egetables that put down deep roots. Some organic fanners prefer plantin

34、g grass behveen crops to prevent wind or water fiom canying away the soil, and then leaving it in the giound to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop. These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grown good food and avoid damaging the em iioimient or people&

35、#39;s health?Unit 3 A state of English humourReadingA MSTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOURAs Victor Hugo once said? "Laughter is the sim that drives winter from the human face", and up to now nobody has been able to do tliis better than Chailie Chaplin. He bnghtened the lives of Ainei icans and Briti

36、sh tlirough two world wars and the hard years in behveen? He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.Not that Charlie's own life was easy! He was bom in a poor family in 1889? his parents were both poor music hall peifonners? You may

37、 find it astonishing that Cliailie was taught to sing as soon as lie could speak and dance as soon as lie could walk? Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often imeertain. Unfortunately, his father died, leading the family even worse off, so

38、 Charlie spent his childhood looking after liis sick mother and his brother. By his teens, Charlie had, tlirough liis humour, become one of the most popular child actors in English? He could niiine aud act the fool doing ordinaiy eveiyday tasks? No one was ever bored watching him liis subtle acting

39、made everything entertaining.As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as his chamimg character the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large tiousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walke

40、d aroiuid stiffly caiTying a walking stick. This chaiacter was a social failure粘品文档欢迎来上贝下载粘品文档but was loved for liis optimism and detemiination to overcome all difficulties. He was the imderdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.How did the little tiamp make a sad situation entertainin

41、g? Here is an example from one of his most famous films. The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth centuiy and gold has just been discovered in Califomia. Like so many others, the little tramp and his fiiend have rushed thei e in search of gold, but without success. Instead they are hiding in a small

42、hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstonn with notliing to eat. They are so hungry that they tiy boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner? Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest s

43、teak. Finally lie tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe? I lie eats each mou止 fbl with gieat eiijoyment ? Tlie acting is so comilicing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he hasever tasted!Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he staned in. Ill 1972

44、 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films? He lived in English and the USA but spent liis last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977? He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence?Using languageENGLISH JOKES1. There are t

45、housands ofjokes which use“ play on words” to amuse us. One person asks aquestion which expects a particular reply. Instead, what he gets is another kind of answer wliich makes the situation firnny. Now read some of these customer and waiter jokes. Can you match the joke with the explanation?1. C: W

46、hat's that fly doing in my soup?W: Swimming, I think!2. C: Wliat's that?W: It's bean soup?C: I don't want to know what it's been? I want to know what it is now.3. C: Waiter, will the pancakes be long?W: No, sir. Round?ExplanationA The first peison is asking for infomiation about

47、time. The second person treats it as a question about shape.精品文档B The first person is angry about something and wants to say,v The“Whysecondisthis here?欢迎來上贝下载粘品文档person treats it as a request for infomiation and gives an answer to the question.C The answer to the question contains a word which, whe

48、n spoken, can have two meanings?2. Some jokes are longer and tell a short, funny story? The following is one of those jokes about the famous detective Sherlock Homes and his friend Doctor Watson. Read it and decide which of these two kinds of jokes you like better. Give your teas ons.Sherlock Homes

49、and Doctor Watson went camping in an moxmtainous area? They ware lyingin the open ail* wider the stais. Sherlock Homes looked up at the stars and whispered. "Watson, when you look at that beautifiil sky, what do you think of?" Watson replied. U I tliiiik of how shortlife is and how long th

50、e universe has lasted." "No、 no, Watson!v Homes said, hvhat do you reallytliink of?" Watson tried again. "I think of how small I am and how vast the sky is.”Watson!Said Holmes. Watson tried a third time.“ I think of how cold the universe is and how wan44someone has stolen oiir te

51、nt!”Unit 4 Body LanguageReadingCOMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?Yesterday, another student and L representing oui* university's student association, went to the Capital Intematioiial Aiiport to meet tliis year's intemational students? They were coming to study at Beijing University. We would taken

52、them first to theii- doniiitories and then to the strident canteen. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arriv? I saw several yoimg people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. I stood fro a minute watching them and then went to gl eet theni.The first peison to arrive was Ton

53、y Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith fiom Britain ? After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised? Tony approached Julia、 touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She stepped back appeanng surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I

54、 guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, togethei' with George Cook &om Canada? As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student. Just at that moment, howe ei Akria bowed so his nose touched George

55、9;s moving hand. They both apologized another cultiual mistake!Ahmed Aziz another intematioiial student, was fiom Jordan. When we met yesterday, he moved veiy close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but lie came closer to ask a question and then shook my hand? Wlien Darlene Coulon fi

56、om France came dashing稱品文档欢迎来上贝下载粘品文档tlirough the door, she recognized Tony Garcia's smiling face? They shook hand and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know. Aluned Aziz, on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men from

57、 Middle Eastern and other Muslim countries will often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women.As I get to know more intemational friends、 I leam more about this cultural "body language? Not all cultures gixet each other the same way. nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance behveen people? Ill the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings using unspoken "language" tluough physical distance, actions or postlire. English people, for example, do