高考英语：情态动词与虚拟语气

1、语法学案：情态动词和虚拟语气 考点一 情态动词的基本用法 主备人：王燕1can(1)表示能力。需注意的是，could表示过去一般的能力，而was/were able to表示有能力而且成功地做成了某事。However great the difficulties may be，we can overcome them.The fire spread through the building very quickly，but everyone was able to get (2)表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时候可能会”。Everything can happen；everything is p

2、ossible and probable. (3)表示请求和允许。在问句中，could比can语气要委婉；但答语中要用can表示直截了当。Could I use your cell phone?Of course you can. (4)表示推测，常用于疑问句和否定句。What can they be doing there?He can't be in the office，for the light has been turned off. 名师点津can't/can never be too./can't/can never be.enough表示“再也不为过”。

3、You can never be too careful/careful enough while driving a car. 2may(1)表示请求、允许，此时might比may的语气更委婉。May/Might I play basketball this afternoon?No，you may not. (2)表示推测意为“可能、或许”。We may go to the cinema tonight，but we are not sure yet. (3)用于祈使句中表示祝愿。May you be happy every day and succeed in your work！祝你每

4、天都过得开心且工作顺利！名师点津“may as well动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。There is nothing to do，so I may as well go to bed.3must(1)表示“必须，应该”，must一般指主观，而have to指客观，表示“不得不”。We must do everything step by step.I have to go now for I've a meeting 15 minutes later. (2)表示推测，意为“一定会”，此时不能用于否定句。He must be ill.He looks so pale. (3)mus

5、tn't表禁止，而have to的否定式意为“不必”。Smoking mustn't be allowed in the office.Must we hand in our exercise today?No，you don't have to.、名师点津must表示偏执、固执，意为“偏要，硬要”。If you must smoke，please go out.4shall(1)用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，用于征求对方的意见。Shall I buy some picture books for the children? (2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对

6、方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁；此外，当颁布法律、规定时也用shall。You shall do as your teacher says.5should(1)表示劝告和建议，意为“应该”。此时ought to比should语气要强。You should/ought to put more effort into your work.(2)表示预测可能性，意为“按道理应该会”。He left Paris in the morning.So he should arrive here by supper time. 名师点津should表示惊讶、意外等情绪，意为“竟然”。It is strange

7、that such things should happen in our school.6will/would(1)表示意愿，可用于各种人称。We will never give up working，whatever happens. (2)表示“请求，建议”，此时would比will更委婉。Would you come into the bar and have a drink with me? 名师点津will/would表示习惯，意为“总是，习惯于”。与used to相比，would表示过去重复、习惯性动作；而used to则强调过去与现在的对比。She'll listen

8、to music，alone in her room，for hours.Last year our English teacher would tell us stories in English after class. He used to spend all his money on food and drink，now he lives a simple life.7need/dareneed和dare既可作实意动词又可作情态动词，用作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句和否定句。He need not go if he doesn't want to.How dare you say

9、 such a thing?考点二 “情态动词have done”的用法情态动词have done用法must have done一定做过某事，其否定形式为can't/couldn't have donecan/could have done1.本来能够做但却未做2.可能做过某事can't/couldn't have done不可能做过某事may/might have done或许/可能做过某事should/ought to have done本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了needn't have done做了本没有必要做的事情Wang

10、Yaping was the second woman to be sent into space in China.She must have gone through tough training.Mark needn't have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.考点三 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原形表示过去情况had过去分词should/w

11、ould/could/mighthave过去分词表示未来情况should动词原形should/would/ could/might动词原形动词过去式were to动词原形If I were you，I would take action right away.If you had got up earlier，you would have caught the train. If you should fail，what would you do?考点四 虚拟条件的三种特殊形式if省略句如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should，可把if省略，把were/had/should提到主语之

12、前形成倒装，若为否定形式，not不可提前。混合条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。含蓄条件句有时假设的情况不用条件从句表达，而是用but for，without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示条件。用连词otherwise，or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况but真实情况”。Were it Sunday tomorrow，we should go to the Great Wall.If you had prepared in advance，you wouldn'

13、;t be in such an awkward position now.But for you，we couldn't have carried out the plan.要不是你的话，我们(当时)无法实行那项计划。考点五 虚拟语气的其他情况1wish后面宾语从句的虚拟语气与现在事实相反从句用一般过去时与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时与将来事实相反从句用would动词原形I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是一只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。2表示主张、命令、建议、要求等词后的宾语从句中常用“(sh

14、ould)动词原形”结构名师点津当insist表示“坚持认为；坚持说”；suggest表示“暗示，表明”时后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。The young man insisted that he did nothing wrong and should be set free at once.这个年轻人坚持认为他没有做错，坚决要求马上被释放。The girl's pale face suggested that she was ill and I suggested that she go to see the doctor at once.这个女孩苍白的脸色表明她病了，我建议她马上去

15、看医生。Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.老师们建议父母，为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。3用于主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中(1)表示要求、命令、建议、意图、决定、推荐等意义的动词，构成it is动词的过去分词that .时，that从句中的谓语动词用(should)动词原形。It is advised that the meeting (should) be put off until next week.有人建议

16、会议推迟到下周举行。(2)表示要求、命令、建议、意图、决定、推荐等意义的名词，如suggestion，proposal，advice，order，request等后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用(should)动词原形。My request is that you (should) make an apology to your teacher. I made a suggestion to him that he should join the club activities. 4用于定语从句中It's (high/about) time (that) .句型中，从句的谓语动

17、词用一般过去时或should动词原形(其中should不可省略)，句意为“确实到了的时候了”。It is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.5用于as if引导的从句中表示与现在事实相反用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。People treat him as if he were a dangerous person.He talks as if he had been to many countries.6用于if only引导的感叹句中，其用法相当于wish后的宾语从句He didn't

18、pass the driving test，again.If only he had been more careful. 本节小结情态动词和虚拟语气均是近几年高考重点考查的项目。对情态动词，侧重其表示推测与可能性的考查，其中考查“情态动词have done”结构表示对过去发生的事情的推测尤其突出。对虚拟语气的考查常与情态动词表示推测的语气混合在一起进行。因此考生在备考中要了解常见情态动词的语法特征、语义特征以及相互间的区别；准确把握情态动词表推测、判断的用法；虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用等方面。未来高考考查该类考点的有效信息会越来越隐蔽，情景会越来越生动，考查角度也会越来越综合化，因此考生要

19、给予足够的重视。针对训练.用适当的情态动词填空1(2014·北京高考)_I have a word with you? It won't take long.2(2014·大纲全国卷)Although you _ find bargains in London，it's not generally a cheap place to shop.3(2014·湖南高考)I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we _ bring anything with us?4(

20、2014·江苏高考)It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，_ bring me food.5(2014·江西高考)Life is unpredictable；even the poorest _become the richest.6(2014·四川高考)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends.7(2014·重庆高考)I've ordered some pizz

21、a，so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired.8(2013·新课标全国卷)Since nobody gave him any help，he _ have done the research on his own.9(2013·四川高考)Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well last night.Yeah，I stayed up late writing a report.10(2013·陕西高考)My mom suggests that we _

22、 eat out for a change this weekend.用所给动词的适当形式填空1(2014·福建高考)_(be)there no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.2(2014·湖南高考) If Mr Dewey _ (be)present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.3(2014·陕西高考)We

23、would rather our daughter _ (stay)at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.4(2014·天津高考)If he _(catch) the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting.5(2014·浙江高考)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or th

24、ey _ (come)to our help.6(2014·重庆高考)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _ (do)it?7(2014·北京高考)We _(be)back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.8Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ (not be) always late

25、.9He insisted he _ (send) to the city.10His expression suggested that he _ (pass) the test.单选高考真题：1. (2014·江苏卷)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food. A. might B. would C. should D. could2. (2014·北京卷)_ I have a word with you? It won't take long. A. Can B. Must

26、C. Shall D. Should3. (2014·福建卷)_ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A. Were there B. Had there been C. If there are D. If there have been4. (2014·安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they _ away in the past. A. had thrown B

27、. will be throwing C. were throwing D. would have thrown5. (2014·陕西卷)We would rather our daughter _ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay6. (2013·江苏卷)I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious.A. though

28、t B. would think C. had thought D. have thought7. (2013·辽宁卷)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _ too much at the party last night.A. could drink B. should drink C. would have drunk D. must have drunk8. (2013·全国新课标卷)The door _ open，no matter how hard she pushed.A. shouldn't B. couldn

29、9;t C. wouldn't D. mightn't9. (2012·江苏卷)Happy birthday!Thank you! It's the best present I _ for.A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished10. (2012·重庆卷)_ you interrupt now？Can't you see I'm on the phone?Sorry sir，but it's urgen

30、t.A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would巩固训练：1. You can't imagine that a wellbehaved gentleman _ be so rude to the old.A. might B. need C. should D. would2. Peter _ be really difficult at times even though he's a nice person in general.A. shall B. should C. can D. must3. _ it be Li Ping who broke

31、 the glass?No. It _ be Wang Hai who did it.A. Could；may B. Can；can C. May；must D. Can；must4. When the old man was alive，he _ sit for hours at the door.A. would B. could C. must D. might5. He _ have been sent to hospital immediately.So he_，but all efforts made no difference.A. should；was B. must；did

32、C. ought to；had D. can；has6. He denied _ stolen these watches and insisted that he _ set free at once.A. having；be B. to have；be C. having；was D. to have；was7. Would you have told him the answer had it been possible?I would have，but I _ so busy then.A. had been B. were C. was D. would be8. Madonna _ a straightA student，but it was dancing that she was really crazy about.A. must be B. could be C. must have been D. could have been9. He _ have completed his work，otherwise he wouldn't be enjoying