新概念英语第二册笔记_第71课

1、Lesson 71 A Famous Clock一个著名的大钟【 Text 】When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can beheard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834,the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes

2、 its name from Sir Benjamin Hall whowas responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. Itis not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatoryhave the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the

3、 clock when it is actually strikingbecausemicrophonesare connectedto the clocktower . Big Ben has rarelygonewrong. Once,however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a potof paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!【课文翻译】当你游览伦敦时， 首先看到的东西之一就是“大本 ”钟，

4、即那座从英国广播公司的广播中全世界都可以听到它的声音的著名大钟。如果不是国会大厦在1834 年被焚毁的话，这座大钟永远也不会建造。“大本 ”钟得名于本杰明 .霍尔爵士，因为当建造新的国会大厦时，他负责建造大钟。此钟不仅外型巨大， 而且走时也非常准确。 格林尼治天文台的官员们每天两次派人矫正此钟。当大钟打点的时候，你可以从英国广播公司的广播中听到，因为钟塔上接了麦克风。 “大本 ”钟很多出差错。然而有一次，它却把时间报错。在钟塔上干活的一位油漆工把一只油漆桶挂在了一根指针上，把钟弄慢了！New words and expressions生词和短语parliamentn议会，国会erectv建立a

5、ccurateadj准确的officialn官员，行政人员Greenwichn格林威治observatoryn天文台checkv检查microphonen扩音器，麦克风towern塔【生词讲解】1.parliament国会the Houses of Parliament( 英国的 )Member of Parliament国会议员国会大厦Eg: Parliament today approved the policy, but it has not yet become law.现在国会通过政策，但是政策还没有变成法律。2.Erectv.建造，树立，建起V. erect a monument建

6、立纪念碑1)竖起，搭起erect a tent搭起帐篷Eg: The building was erected in 1900-1901.此建筑是在1900年到 1901年间建造的。Eg: Demonstrators have erected barricades in roads leading to the parliament building.示威者在去往国会大楼的路上竖起了路障。Eg: We all unconsciously erect barriers between each other.我们都不知不觉的在彼此之间竖起了隔阂2)adj. 竖立的，垂直的，直立的stand ere

7、ct直立Eg: Hold your head erect.把头挺直。3.accurateadj.精确的，准确的Eg:an accurate clock, mapHis description was accurate.准确的钟，地图他的叙述很准确。Eg:Police have stressed that this is the most accurate description of the killer警察强调说这就是杀人犯最为精确的描述了。Eg:Journalists are not always accurate in what they write.新闻工作者的报道并非一贯准确。tak

8、e accurate aiman accurate dimensionaccurately adv.accuracy n.瞄得准精确的尺寸4.Official1 ）官方的Official affairs公务 , 公事Official funds公款Official documents官方文件an official announcement官方公告an official website官方网站Eg:The official reason given for the President's absence was sickness.对于总统的缺席，官方给出的原因是生病了。2 ）官员Eg:A

9、 senior UN official hopes to visit Baghdad this month.联合国的一个高级官员希望这个月去访问巴格达。5. Greenwich n.格林尼治 / 格林威治Greenwich Mean Time世界时（也叫格林尼治/ 格林威治时间）缩写GMT6.observatory n.天文台，气象台1 ）observevt.庆祝 =celebrateEg: How do you observe Childrens Day?你如何庆祝儿童节？vt.观察；遵守；说；注意到；评论Eg: Someone who doesn't observe traffic

10、 regulations will sweat.不遵守交通规则者必将要吃苦头。Eg: We can observe our kids and learn more about them.我们就可以观察我们的孩子，更多地了解他们。2 ） Observer n观察者Eg: I think that's what I learned from him: how to be an observer.我想这是我从他那里学到的：怎么做一个观察者。3 ） observatory天文台，气象台7.Check检查，核对Eg:Check the accuracy of everything in your

11、 CV.检查你的简历上每处都是准确的。Eg:I think there is an age limit, but I have to check.我觉得是有年龄限制的，但是我需要查一下Eg:I shall need to check with the duty officer我要与执勤管核对一下。Eg:He must check his work more carefully because it's full of mistakes.他检查工作时要再仔细一些，因为到处是错。check in/check out入房登记，退房办理check in one's luggage托运行

12、李check (up) on sb.调查某人的行为，背景等Eg:The police are checking up on him.警方正在调查他checklist 清单 check-point检查点n. hold/keep sth in check抑制，约束，制止keep my temper in check控制我自己不发脾气8.Microphone麦克风，扩音器，话筒Eg:I keep these songs in my head until I get behind the microphone.直到站在话筒前我一直是将这些歌记在脑中。Eg:Record a CD. If you hav

13、e a computer and microphone, all you need is your talent.做一张 CD 唱片。如果你拥有电脑和麦克风，所有你需要的只是你的才能。Eg:Would you like to talk to me on the microphone, instead of typing in the chatroom.你愿意用麦克风跟我讲话，而不是在聊天室里打字吗？9.Eg:Towern塔The Tower of London stands in the East End of London.伦敦塔位于伦敦的东区。Eg:I felt dizzy when I

14、looked down from the top of the television tower.当我从电视塔顶往下看时，我感到头晕目眩。【课文讲解】1.famousEg: London was once famous for its fogs.伦敦曾以多雾而闻名Eg:Brighton is famous as a bathing place.布来顿以海水浴场驰名英国广播公司在电视上看到，在广播里听到都用on。Eg: I saw him on TV last night.昨天晚上我看到他上电视了。when引导的时间状语从句。one of +名词复数（前面可以用序数词，最高级等修饰）you wi

15、ll see是定语从句，作 things的定语。省略了Big Ben和 the famous clock同位语which can be heard定语从句an be heard情态动词的被动语态one of the most famous singersthat ，只能用that.2. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock wouldnever have been erected.If 引导的非真实条件句 ( 详见 key structure)对过去事情的虚拟：If +从句（过

16、去完成时） ， 主句 (would have done）虚拟语气很重Eg:If Ihad worked harderat school, Iwould have gota better job .对现在事情的虚拟：要，左边是最最If +从句（一般过去时） ，主句（ would do）Eg:If Iwerein your position, Iwould actdifferently .基本的考点。Eg:If yousawhim now youwouldn t recognizehim .错综时间下的用法：过去条件+ 现实情况Eg: If hehad takenthe doctor s advi

17、ce, heshould not beill now.要是当初听了医生的话，他现在就不会生病了。Eg: If the doctorhadn t comein time, the patientwould bedead by now.大夫及时到了，病人得救了。burn down使（烧成平地） ，烧毁Eg: The hospital was burned down last month.那家医院上个月被烧毁了。burn 烧坏，烧伤，烧焦，烫伤, 晒伤Eg: The soup is very hot. Don't burn your mouth.汤很热，别烫伤了你的嘴。Eg: Sorry,I

18、've burnt the sausage.对不起，我把香肠给烤焦了。Burn for sth.（通常用于进行时态。表示极欲做某事）Eg: He is burning for avenging the death of his father.他心急如焚要报杀父之仇。Eg: burn one's boats/bridges断某人后路，破釜沉舟burn the midnight oil开夜车burn oneself out筋疲力尽或损害了自己的健康（指劳累过度）Eg: If he doesn't stop working so hard,he'll burn him

19、self out.他继续这样拼命工作，就会累垮的。3. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.take its name from以命名Eg: The Hubble telescope takes its name from Hubble .Sir Benjamin Hallsir+ 人的全名表示 爵士。Sir Walter Scottwho 引

20、导的定语从句be responsible for为 负责Eg: She is my child, and I am responsible for her.她是我的孩子,我对她负责。the making of the clock = making the clockwhen引导的时间状语从句4. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well.not only butwellas不但 而且be +of +n.用来表示人或物的特征。extremely accurate极其精确（副词修饰形容词）quite sure

21、十分确信5. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.Hhave sb doing sth让某人一直做have sb do = let sb do =make sb do让某人做某事have sth to do有什么事情要做have sth done让某事被做（让别人做）= ask sb to do sth6 are connected to the clock tower.Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.strike v.敲钟，打，打击（struck ,stru

22、ck)connect to这里是被动语态the clock tower钟塔rarely adv.几乎不go wrong（ with sth.)出错，出故障， （机器等）发生故障/ 出毛病Eg:My watch/the engine of the car has gone wrong.Eg:Something has gone wrong with my car.6. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working onthe tower hung a pot of paint o

23、n one of the hands and slowed it down!fail to do sth.give the correct time没有做某事，未履行做某事，失败做某事给予正确的时间7. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the handsand slowed it down!who引导的定语从句had been doing过去完成进行时hang sth. on sth.a pot of paint一桶油漆slow down 让某物慢下来。Eg: He slowed

24、 his car down while driving in heavy traffic.【关键词组摘录】1. all over the world2. burn down3. take ones name from4. be responsible for5. not only, but also6. of immense size【 Key structure】7. extremely accurate8. have the clock checked9. be connected to10. go wrong11. fail to do sth12. slow it down虚拟语气详细

25、讲义语法：虚拟语气：一虚拟语气的定义虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。I wish Icould passthe examination.我希望我能通过考试。May you succeed!祝您成功！二虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。 if 有表示 “如果 ”的意思如：If time permits, well go

26、fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。（主将从现）如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。如：If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）在

27、含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：区分条件从句主句与现在事实相反If 主语过去式（从句中系动主 语 would/should/could词 be 多用 were形式）动词原形与过去事实相反If 主语 had 过去分词主 语 would/should/couldhave 过去分词与将来事实相反If 主语过去式/should主 语 would/should/could动词原形 /were to动词原形动词原形动词形式时间从句主句与现在事实相反动词过去式从句用过去式(be的过去式用主句 would(could/should/might)+动词原形与过去事实相反

28、从句用had+动词过去分词主句用 would(could/should/might)+have过去分词与将来事实可能相反动词过去式从句用 should+动词原形主句用 would(could/should/might)+动词原形或者 were to+动词原形would(could/should/might)+注：主句中的should只用于第一人称，但在美国英语中，were) should动词原形常被 would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。1 表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him

29、 the truth.要是我是你，我就会告诉他真相了。（事实上我不是你）If she had time, she would(could, might)help me.如果她有时间，她就会帮我了。（事实上她没有时间）2 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should(would, could, might)have telephoned you.如果昨天我知道了你的电话号码，我就会给你打电话了。（事实上我昨天不知道你的电话号码。）If you had taken my advice, you

30、wouldn t(couldn t) have failed in the exam如果.你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。 （事实上你根本没听我的）3 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如：If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。-What would happen if I put the paper on the fire -It would burn.？- 我若把只放在火上会怎么样？- 纸会烧着。注：在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中，were to +动词原形比较正式，常用于

31、书面语中。如：If you were to go to Beijing, you would (could, might) have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square.三虚拟语气的其它用法1 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在 “It is important (strange, natural, necessary) that”这类句型中 ， that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形 ”结构，表示某事是“重要 ”， “奇怪 ”， “自然 ”， “必要 ”等意义。如 :It is important that every Beiji

32、nger (should) be able to speak English.重要的是每个北京人能说英语。It is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital at once.有必要马上把他送医院。2虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法（ 1 ）在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词 that 。a. 表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be的过去式用were )表示。如：I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个问题的答案

33、。（可惜不知道）I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around但愿我的家乡四季如春。（只是愿望，实际根本不可能实现）b. 表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用had+过去分词。如：I wish (that) I hadn我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。 t wasted so much time.（实际上已经浪费掉了）He wishes (wished) he hadnt lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。（事实上机会已经失去了，他感到惋惜）c. 表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为“ would/should/cou

34、ld/might+动词原形 ”，此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同， 因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现， 取决于从句主语的态度或意愿 （非动作名词除外） 。如：I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安静一些。（ 2 ）在suggest（建议）, demand(要求 ),order(命令 ),propose(建议 ),insist（坚持要做）command(命令 ), request(要求 ), desire(希望 ) 等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“ (should)+动词原形 ”，表

35、示建议，要求，命令等。如：,I suggest thatThe undergraduatewe (should) start the meeting at once.我建议马上开会insisted thathe (should) go to work in the south这位即将毕业的学生坚持要到南方去工作。注：当suggest表示暗示， 主语为something；insist表示坚持观点时，后接的宾语从句用真实语气 。比较：His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示着他赞成我的决定。He suggested t

36、hat I (should) stick to my decisionHe insists that doing morning exercises does good to people他建议我坚持自己的决定。 s healt.他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day他坚持他每天都要早操3虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法“当主语为(should)+advice,suggestion,order ,proposal等词时后接表语从句，表语从句中的谓语动词常用动词原形 ”结构，表示某人建议、劝告、命

37、令等的内容。如：My advice is that youshould practisespeaking English as often as possible.我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。The order from the commander was that the troopsshould set offfor the front immediately.司令官的命令是部队立即开拔去前线。4 特殊的虚拟语气结构。（ 1 ）虚拟语气用在状语从句中由 as if 或 as ，though 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。动词形式用动词的过去式 (be

38、were) 或 had + 过去分词。如：The teacher treats the studentas if he were her own child这位老师带这位学生就象她的亲生孩子一样。He speaksas if he had been to the United States他说得好象他真的到过美国似的。（2 ）在It is time (that); Id rather (that)句型中从句的谓语动词常用动词的过去式表示 虚拟语气，意思是“该干某事了，时间已经有些晚了”“我宁愿/希望 ”。如：It is time that wedidsomething to stop pollution.该我们做些什么制止污染的时候了。It is time that Fatherpicked upLily from the kindergarten.该父亲去幼儿园接莉莉的时候了。I d rather youtoldI d rather I didnme the truth.t see you again.我真希望你告诉我真相。我宁愿不再见着你。（ 3 ）虚拟语气用在简单句中a 情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦