单项选择的解题指导

1、  高考英语单项选择解题指导      （一）葛诵志   单项选择考查的知识点主要包括名词、代词、冠词、形容词和副词、动词短语、动词时态及语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、强调句型、倒装句、省略和情景交际等。近年来单选的题干内容越来越贴近生活，语言更加灵活。它既要求考生对英语语法知识、词语知识的记忆、理解、掌握和运用能力，又要求根据题干所给的语境条件进行分析、对比，灵活地运用各项英语基础知识。因此要做好单项选择题，考生除了在平时的学习中做好基础知识的

2、积累外，还需要掌握一定的答题技巧，提高答题的准确率。下面我想结合同学们遇到的一些典型习题做些分析，希望能给同学们一些启发。 1、理解句意，整体把握在做题时，一定要通读全句，理解整句话要表达的意思，切忌在没有弄懂句意的情况下，根据只言片语，以偏概全，盲目做题。例如：The number of students admitted annually to this school _ from more than 1,000 in the year 2000 to some 2,000 last year.  A. increasesB. has increasedC. is increas

3、ingD. increased答案：B。有很多同学会误选D，因为他们没有看懂原文，只是把last year看作了时间状语。其实这句话要表达的意思是“这个学校每年录取的学生数已由2000年的1000人增加到了去年的2000人。”强调的是对现在造成的影响，应该用现在完成时。而题干中的last year并非时间状语，而是定语。2、注意语境，捕捉句子中暗含信息近年来，单项选择淡化了对所谓“纯”语法和“纯”词汇的考查，而是设置特定的语境对语法和词汇进行考查，这样，准确了解语境信息就成为成功解答语境单选题的钥匙，而语境信息在题干中可以是单词、短语或完整的句子。例如：-I stayed at a hotel

4、 while in New York.-Oh，did you？You _ with Barbara.A. could have stayedB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stayed答案：A。本小题的命题思维角度极佳，不定冠词a为语境信息词而并非定冠词“the”，只有通过不定冠词a对整个题干的准确理解才不至于误选干扰性极大的D项，试想一下“我在纽约时住在(任何)一家旅馆”与“你一准儿和芭芭拉住在一起”的概率有多大？反之“我在纽约时住在这家旅馆”，“哦，是吗？那么你一准儿和芭芭拉住在一起”才可以是顺理成章的事实。3、分析句子结构，明确句子成分分析句

5、子结构，明确句子成分特别是选项在句子中所充当的成分，有时对于我们选择正确答案是很必要的。在分析过程中，要特别留意标点符号，句子中的and，but，or等并列连词和从属连词，从而判断出这是一个简单句、并列句，还是主从复合句。例如：At last，we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch.A. sittingB. having satC. to sitD. sat答案：D.很多同学选A，把选项看作了伴随状语。其实，选项前有一个很关键的词“an

6、d”，从而可以判断选项部分与“found”平行，构成了并列谓语，因此D才是正确答案。4、细心观察，注意相似句型之间的差别通过初、高中知识的积累，同学们掌握了大量的句型，其中有些句型看上去极其相似，同学们在解题时必须细心审题，加以辨别，找出所考查的句型。例如：_iswellknownthatheisgoodatmathsinourclass._is well known，he is good at maths in our class._is well known is that he is good at maths in our class.A. WhatB. ThisC. ItD. As答

7、案：C；D；A。这三句话表达的是同一个意思，但却用了不同的句型。第一个句子中It为形式主语，而that he is good at maths in our class为真正的主语；而第二个句子中，同学们要注意中间的逗号，是由“as”引起这个非限制性定语从句，它的先行词是后面的一整句话，意思是“正如大家都知道的”。第三个句子可是一个“主系表”结构的句子，意思是“大家都知道的事是在我们班他擅长数学”，英语中“的事情”用一个词来表示就是“what”，在此引导一个主语从句。5、留意日常交际用语高考中经常会考查日常交际用语方面的内容，因此同学们在学习中，要注意积累了解两个不同民族的交际习惯，熟悉中、英

8、两种文化的差异，掌握各种情景中交际应酬的用语，避免汉语式英语。例如：(2005重庆)-We missed you at this morning's meeting，Diana.-_，but if I hadn't had to meet a friend，I would have been there.A. Me，tooB. I'm sorryC .Never mindD. Thank you答案：B。I'm sorry，but是很地道的英语，其中but用在表示歉意的话后，引起一个句子，并无实际意义。而同学们却受到汉语习惯的影响，认为有“but”就必须存在转折

9、的语气，以至于错过了正确答案。6、注意排除思维定势的干扰在复习过程中，同学们已经做了大量习题，因此对有些看似熟悉的题目产生了思维定势。当题干略有变化时，不能随机应变，而是凭老经验办事，结果造成错误。例如：(2006天津)-I'm thinking of the test tomorrow. I'm afraid I can't pass this time.-_！I'm sure you'll make it.A. Go aheadB. Good luckC. No problemD .Cheer up答案：D。很多同学在看到题干“我正在考虑明天的考试”

10、，就很自信地选择了B“祝你好运”。再看以下后半部分题干“我担心不能通过”，显然，这道题的题干表示的是“说话人的担心、忧虑”，而不是简单陈述一件事实“我明天参加考试。”，因此答语中要求的已不是大家熟悉的祝愿的话，而应该是“安慰的话”“振作点！我认为你能行。”2009年高考英语单项选择解题指导      （二）一 消元简化法：即去掉句子的修饰或插入成分，找出句子的主干从而简化句子。1.The exciting moment _at last. A. coming B. came C. come D. comes2. The writer，

11、whom I often refer to at the meetings, _ famous for those works Ais Bare Cam Dwere3. He often stands against the fence and talks endlessly with my father _gardening problems. Ato Btoo Cabout Doff 二还原再现法：即通过转换句型还原句子本来面目，以便理解句意，从而降低难度。一般有以下6种情况。（一）、将疑问句改成陈述句 如：1.Whom would you rather have _with you ?

12、A .to go B. go C. gone D. going还原为：you would rather have whom _ with you. 分析： 测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作。have sb. do sth.（二）、改被动句为主动句1.Time should be made good use of _our lessons well. A. learningB. learned C .to learnD .learns还原为：We should make good use of time _our lesson well.（三）、强调句型还原

13、成简单句式判断一个句子是不是强调句型的最佳办法 -去掉题干中的It is(was).that(who)，如果句子仍然成立-表达完整的意思，则是强调句型；否则，则不是强调句型。1. It was _ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home Arepair Brepairing Cto repair Din repair 还原为：The old man spent the whole morning _ the old clock at home注意比较下面例子： 2. It was 2004 _ you joi

14、ned the football clubIt was in 2004 _ you joined the football club.A who B that C when D which 分析： 第一句运用还原法，去掉It was.(that)即可看出句意不完整(2004前需加in)，故此句不是强调句型，而是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。第二句则是强调句（四）、 感叹句还原为陈述句1._what little Tom said to his mother sounded!A what reasonable B How a reasonable C How reasonable D What

15、a reasonable还原为：What little Tom said to his mother sounded!很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语。 （五）、 固定短语还原1. That was we had in London 3 years ago! A wonderful time B a wonderful time C wonderful D wonderfully可还原为：We had a wonderful time in London 3 years ago。可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配 had a wonderful time（玩得愉快），定语从句中省略了关系代词

16、that（六）、 还原省略成分1. -What made you so happy ? -_. (made me so happy) A. Because of my passing the exam. B. I passed the exam. C. Because I passed the exam. D. My passing the exam.2.- If the weather is fine, we'll go. -If _, _.A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, not（If the weather is NOT fine,

17、we will NOT go.） eg. If it is cheap, I'll buy it. If not, not.If you study hard, you'll succeed. If not, not.3. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun=once it is begun三 语境定义法即根据实际语境，找到关键信息，从而准确答题。1. -Which of t

18、he three ways shall I take to the village ? - _way as you please. -Which of the two ways shall I take to the village ? - _ way as you please. A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either不同的语境传达不同的信息,注意比较: 2. （原题） Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. w

19、as doing D. had done Has Sam finished his homework today? Yes. He _ it this morning四标点提示法：即根据句子中的标点符号，如逗号，分号，破折号等，从而正确理解句子含义。1. Tom has many friends; _ can help him. A. few of which B. few of whom C. few of that D. few of them Tom has many friends _ can help him. A. few of which B. few of whom C. fe

20、w of that D. few of them 五： 克服思维定势法：即解题时不能按照已有的思维模式，不受母语思维的干扰，而是要仔细分析句子，从而不落入出题人的圈套。1. The country life he was used to _greatly since 1992. A. change B. has changed C. changingD. have changed解析易受sb be used to doing的影响而误选C。根据句意和结构可知, he was used to为定语从句，修饰先行词the country life。此空格应填谓语动词。2. Mr. Smith is

21、 _ a good teacher _ we all respect. A. such, that B. such, as C. so, that D. so, as3. Mr. Smith is _ a good teacher _ we all respect him.4. around后究竟用什么?Is there a shop around _ we can buy some toilet articles? A. that B. which C. where D. what5. _ smoking here will be fined.A. Who B. Whoever C. Any

22、one D. Who ever6. _ smokes here will be fined.A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Whomever六： 依据习惯用法:即根据英语语言的习惯用法，避免汉语式表达。1. -Its getting late.Im afraid I must be going now. -OK. _ A. Take it easy. B. Go slowly. C. Stay longer. D. See you.2. “如果你方便的话”说成英语是if you are convenient吗?I'll come to see you if

23、 _. A. you're convenient B. it is convenient for you C. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you 3.“交通拥挤”的英语是crowded traffic吗? He wants to move house, because he hates the _ here. A. crowded traffic B. crowded traffics C. busy traffic D. busy traffics4. worth和asleep的修饰词 Mary is very clev

24、er and _ worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now _ asleep in class.A. very, very B. much, very C. well, very D. well, fast 5. who he is还是who it is Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it isSummary一.应注意全面审题,克服顾前不顾后或只顾结构和形式、不考虑语言意义

25、和情景提示的思维习惯;二.充分依据题中信息找出提示，或者全面考虑找出暗示;三.特别注意主从句、插入语、时态、标点符号和一些复杂成分的干扰。 高考英语容易做错的题（思维定势）1. They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _on it as no good results have come out so far.A. had been working; are still working    B. had worked; were still workin

26、gC. have been working; have worked      D. have worked; are still working2. It would be a good idea to use a plastic bottle, _cut off, as a container to grow young plants in.A. of which the top      B. the top is       C

27、. the top of which       D. with its top3. _ is it _ has made Peter _ he is today?A. What; that; that   B. That; that; what   C. What; what; that   D. What; that; what4. Before he went abroad，he spent as much time as he _ English.A. could l

28、earning   B. learned   C. to learn   D. could learn5. The person we talked about _ our school last week   Avisiting   Bwill visit    Cvisited    Dhas visited 6. Not far from the club there was a garden, _ owner seated in it p

29、laying bridge with his children every afternoon.  A. whose    B. its    C. which    D. that7. You should treat him (in) the way _ suits him most.   A. that      B. in which     C. /   

30、D. why 8. He is a strict but kind-hearted father, _ the children respect but are afraid of. A. /     B. that   C. for whom    D. one whom9. - You havent been to Beijing, have you? - _. And how I wish to go there again!A. Yes, I have    B. Y

31、es, I havent     C. No, I have     D. No, I havent10. Not only _the jewelry she _been sold for her sons gambling debts but also her house.A. is； has   B. has； had  C. has； has   D. 不填； has11. We should do more such exercises in th

32、e future，I think，_ those we did yesterday.A. as   B. like    C. about    D. than12. He will tell you _ he expects will win such a match.A. why   B. whom   C. which   D. who13. Who would you rather _ the report instead of you？A. ha

33、ve write   B. have to write  C. write   D. have written14. Who would you rather _ you repair your CD player?A. help   B. helped   C. helping   D. to help15. Well be free tomorrow，so I suggest _ to the history museum.A. to vis

34、it   B. visiting  C. we should visit   D. a visit16. I like swimming，while what my brother enjoys _.A. cooking   B. to cook   C. is cooking    D. cook17. How long have you been here？ _ the end of last month，A. In    B. B

35、y    C. At     D. Since18. _ nice，the food was all eaten up soon.A. Tasting   B. Taste   C. Tasted    D. To taste19. He was sentenced to death _ what he has stolen from the bank.A. that    B. since  &

36、#160;C. because    D. because of20.What do you think of the concert?  I really enjoy it. I didnt expect it was _ wonderful.A. as    B. more    C. most     D. very21. I have no dreams _ to have a happy life.A. rather than 

37、0;B. more than   C. other than    D. less than22. Ms Lin looks rather a kind lady.  But in fact she is cold and hard on us. You _believe it!A. shouldnt   B. wouldnt   C. mustnt    D. neednt23. Id try even if I may fail _ sit there worr

38、ying in time of trouble. A. rather than     B. other than       C. more than    D. less than24. He ran as fast as he could _ to catch the bus.A. hope    B. to hope   C. hoping   D. hoped25.

39、He had a lot of friends, none of _ could lend him any money. A. whom       B. them    C. which    D. who26. I met several people there, two of _were foreigners. A. whom    B. them     C. who   &#

40、160;D. which27. She may have missed the train, in _ case she won't arrive for another hour.A. whose     B. that      C. which    D. what28. According to the rules, students must not _ their books during examinations.A. read   

41、 B. watch      C. notice    D. look at29. _ with a good education can apply for the job.A. Who   B. Whoever   C. Anyone    D. Who ever30. _ seen smoking here will be fined.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. Anyone  D. Whoever31. _ smoking he

42、re will be fined.A. Who    B. Whoever    C. Anyone    D. Who ever32. Is there a shop around _ we can buy some toilet articles?A. that   B. which      C. where   D. what33. After _ seemed like hours he came out

43、with a bitter smile.A. which    B. it      C. what    D. that34. The judge paid no attention to _ he had just lost his wife.A. that   B. which   C. what  D. the fact that35. They own two cars, not to _ a m

44、otorbike.A. speak      B. say     C. talk       D. mention。36.He is_ to win, but I'm not sure.A. possible       B. likely     C. impossible      &

45、#160;D. certain37. It is so difficult a problem that _ student in this class _ work it out.A. any, can't        B. no, can    C. every, can       D. no, can't38. The problem is not _ easy. Think _ over.A. such, it

46、0;       B. that, it    C. so, 不填       D. that，不填.39. Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris, _ lives his uncle.A. which        B. who    C. where   

47、;    D. that40. Good luck to you, and _ all your wishes come true!A. can        B. may     C. must        D. should 41. _ when one loses freedom does one know its value.A. Just   &

48、#160;    B. Only     C. Even       D. Ever42. He was in great need of money, so he _ $5, 000 for his car.A. paid       B. took      C. cost       D. s

49、pent43. They weren't a particularly good team, but they refused to give in and _ defeat.A. accept       B. accepted   C. accepting      D. to have accepted44. Mother told Jim to watch the milk until it boiled and then _ off the gas

50、.A. turn       B. turning      C. turned       D. having turned45. “Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.”  “Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.”A. a, the     B. the,

51、the     C. a, a     D. the, a46. “Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _black one? I found it in the corner.” A. a, the     B. the, the     C. a, a     D. the, a47. My friend Mary

52、 is _ beautiful girl and _ girl everyone likes to work with.A. a, a        B. a, the       C. the, a          D. the, the48 “Is there _ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”A. anybody &#

53、160;     B. everybody    C. somebody      D. nobody49. “Is there _ here?” “Yes, I'm upstairs. Please come and help me.” A. anybody      B. everybody      C. somebody    &#

54、160; D. nobody50. “I think the teacher is wrong, _?” “No, I don't think so.”A. don't you      B. don't I     C. doesn't he      D. doesn't she 51. They kept trying _ they must have known it was hopeless.A.

55、 if         B. because    C. when       D. where52. “What did he ask you?” “_ I would be late.”A. That       B. When       C. Where      

56、60;D. Whether53. “She's not a dancing teacher, is she?” “_.”A. Yes, and she isn't      B. Yes, but she was C. No, but she isn't      D. No, but she was54. She's too thin. She _ gain some weight but she _ too little.A. would, ate&

57、#160;      B. will, eats  C. would, eats   D. will, ate55. “I like you more than her, my dear.” “You mean more than _love her or more than she loves _?” A. you, me      B. she, you     C. I, me      &

58、#160; D. I, you56. “Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?” “I_, but I had an unexpected visitor.”A. had       B. would    C. was going to      D. did57. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had

59、had_ went wrong again.A. it    B. it repaired    C. repaired    D. to be repaired58. He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it.  A. where           B. when 

60、         C. that             D. until 59. Few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day.A. some B. any C. that D. those60. He just does what he pleases and never _ about anyone else. A. think

61、    B. thinks    C. thinking    D. thought61.I don't know whether to stay in teaching or _ another job.A. trying getting    B. to try to get    C. trying to get    D. try get62.Please make my excuse at tomo

62、rrow's meetingI've got too much work _.A. to do to come    B. doing coming   C. to do coming     D. doing to come63. He was not an actor, who often appeared on stage, _ a writer, writing stories. A. but      B. and &#

63、160;   C. then    D. so 64.There are five pairs, but I'm at a loss which _ to buy.A. to be chosen   B. to choose from  C. to choose   D. for choosing65They kept trying _ they must have known it was hopeless.A. if     B. b

64、ecause  C. when    D. where66.He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _ to.A. spoken    B. speaking C. speak    D. be spoken67.If _ carefully, the experiment will be successful.A. do    B. does    C. done 

65、   D. doing68. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins  B. having begun  C. beginning  D. begun 69.In that month, he earned as much as, if _ than, $40 000.A. no more    B. not more C. no much    D. not

66、much70.He told me the news_, believe it or not, he had earned $1 000 in a single day.A. that     B. which    C. as      D. because71.“Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons ,_to go to university.”  “So do I.”A. hope&#

67、160;  B. hopes  C. hoping   D. hoped72.“I haven't heard from Henry for a long time.” “What do you suppose_ to him?”A. was happening     B. to happen C. has happened    D. had happened73.An awful accident, however, _occur the other day.A. doe

68、s    B. did  C. has to    D. had to74.“Where is it?” “Where is _? I don't know what do you mean?” A. what    B.    that    C. where    D. so75.He suggested the person referred _ put into prison.  A. is              B. be           C. to be           D. should be76.Must I turn off the gas after cook