chapter212 gods 修改

1、Chapter 2 Olympian GodsvThe Twelve Olympian gods were like a big, extended family. Zeus was the father of the family. PRINCIPAL FIGURES IN GREEK MYTHOLOGY Cronus & RheaPoseidon HadesZeusHeraDemeter HestiaApollo ArtemisHermesDionysusAphroditeAthenaAresHephaestusLetoMaiaSemeleErosGods personalitie

2、s and expertiseZeus ( Jupiter): King of all the GodsZeus, called Jupiter in Roman myth is the head of the gods, god of the sky and thunder . His wife, HeraThe figure of no. 2 in the Olympians.Poseidon was called Neptune by the Romans . He is second only to Zeus in power amongst the gods Poseidon God

3、 of the sea, earthquakes, and horsesHades God of the hell The Romans called Hades Pluto . With the worst fortune, he drew lots with his two brothers, and was made lord of the underworld, Hades, an important god but not generally considered an Olympian, because he lived the underworld, a dark place l

4、ocated at the center of the earth. It was populated by the souls of people who had died.vHera is the sister and the wife of Zeus. Her Roman counterpart is Juno. vShe is the god of marriage and childbirth. and takes special care of married women. Hera- Goddess of marriageDemeter德墨忒尔：农业，谷物, 丰收女神Hestia

5、赫斯提亚：炉灶火焰女神农神德墨忒尔农神德墨忒尔Demeter Goddess of fertilityvDemeter is the goddess of corn, grain and the harvest. She is also associated with season.vDemeter is Persephones mother，who made plants grow - the grapes, the wheat, the trees - all across the world. The Second Generation of Olympians Gods : 1. At

6、hena 2. Apollo 3. Artemis 4. Hermes 5. Hephaestus 6. Ares 7. Aphrodite 8. Dionysus vThe Greek virgin goddessvHer tree is olive ;Her bird is owlgoddess of wisdom Athena personalities and expertiseApollovBy Leto, a Titan, Zeus fathered the twins Apollo and Artemis, who became two of the most important

7、 Olympian divinities. Artemis remained a virgin and took hunting as her special province. Apollo became associated with music and prophecy. vApollo is the god of sun and music.vHe is an archer. His weapon is bow and quiver. vHis tree is laurel .There is also a very beautiful legend.ApolloOne of Apol

8、los more important daily tasks is to harness his chariot with four horses ,and drive the sun across the sky.Apollos daily task阿尔忒弥斯：月亮和狩猎女神，又是美丽而纯洁的处女ArtemisvHer Roman name is DianavShe is goddess of chastity, hunt and the moon.vLike Apollo she hunts with silver arrows. Artemis赫尔墨斯：宙斯的随从，牧童和游子之神Herm

9、esvHe is the cleverest god of Olympian gods.vHis symbols are winged sandals, winged hat and winged wand.vHe is the fastest and the messenger to all other gods. vGod of Trade, Travel & Thieves HermesGod of thieves and commerce , the messenger阿佛罗狄忒：爱和美的女神。就是人们常说的维纳斯Aphroditethe story about Aphrodi

10、te ,Ares and HephaestusAphroditevAphrodite is the goddess of love , sexual desire and beauty. vHer Roman name was Venus vHer animal are the dove ,the swan , and the sparrow. vshe is the wife of Hephaestus HephaestusvHe is the god of fire and forge.vThough lame and ugly, he is kind and peaceful.vHe i

11、s the son of Zeus and Hera.vhis wife AphroditevBrother of Ares阿里斯：战神宙斯的二子，天界最大的叛逆着AresvThe son of Zeus and Hera.vHe is the god of war.vHis animal are the vulture and the dog. Ares and AphroditeAres is her favorite lover among the godsAres and Aphrodite being caught by Hephaestus Many other gods ridi

12、culed，laughed at them.Aphrodite and Ares has a son named ErosHe is often represented blindfolded because love is often blindHe was always at his mothers side assisting her in all her conniving and godly affairsVenus and Cupid ErosvEros was the god of love，better known by his Latin name Cupidson of A

13、phrodite by Ares . He took his place among the small gods of OlympusHe was represented as a little naked boy，with sparkling wings，and he carried his bow and arrows wherever he wanderedEros appears often with his mother, but he also appears alone, as a symbol of human love, particularly on womens obj

14、ects such as small vases and terracotta statuettes.The Two Aspects of ErosDionysusZeus had numerous children by both mortal and immortal women. By the mortal Semele he had Dionysus, a god associated with wine and with other forms of intoxication and ecstasy. vDionysus, god of wine and pleasure, the

15、god of the vine and celebration，was among the most popular gods. The Greeks devoted many festivals to this earthly god, and in some regions he became as important as Zeus.v酒神、狂欢之神、v酒神代表着人的自然冲酒神代表着人的自然冲动、迷醉状态下的野性，动、迷醉状态下的野性，在雅典举行的有四种狄在雅典举行的有四种狄奥尼索斯活动，既是狂奥尼索斯活动，既是狂欢节，也是戏剧作品展欢节，也是戏剧作品展出和获得承认的舞台。出和获得承认的

16、舞台。因此酒神意味着节庆、因此酒神意味着节庆、狂喜、冲动、放纵、解狂喜、冲动、放纵、解脱，意味着戏剧、表演，脱，意味着戏剧、表演，因为雅典的剧场就是酒因为雅典的剧场就是酒神剧场。神剧场。酒神祭的酒神祭的狂欢会狂欢会酒神的狂欢v古希腊悲剧主要不是写悲，而是在于表现崇高壮烈的英雄主义思想。根据亚里斯多德定义，古希腊悲剧“描写的是严肃的事件，是对有一定长度的动作的摹仿；目的在于引起怜悯和恐惧，并导致这些情感的净化；主人公往往出乎意料的遭到不幸，从而成悲剧，因而悲剧的冲突成了人和命运的冲突”。v从从比比较较的的观点来观点来看，希看，希腊腊神神话话里里很多神其很多神其实实在其他民族的神在其他民族的神话里

17、话里也有，比如太也有，比如太阳阳神、月神、神、月神、山神、山神、风风神、海神等等，神、海神等等，几几乎乎每每个个民族的神民族的神话里话里都有都有这这些神，些神，可是有可是有两个两个神在希神在希腊腊神神话里话里有，有，而在中而在中国国神神话里却没话里却没有，就是有，就是酒神酒神和和爱爱神神。v尼采尼采说说酒神象酒神象征着征着人类情绪人类情绪的的总总激激发发和和总释总释放，是一放，是一个个恣情恣情纵欲纵欲的的欢乐欢乐之神，之神，食食与与色色 酒神酒神与爱与爱神神 潘是是牧群的守护神，Pan was the god of goatherds and shepherds. He is mostly h

18、uman in appearance but， with goat horns and goat feet.PanvZeus was the head of the gods, god of the sky and thunder . vHis wife, Hera, was the queen of heaven and the guardian of marriage and childbirth. vDemeter, the goddess of agriculture, was associated with the earth，took charge of the harvest.

19、vHestia, goddess of the hearth; vPoseidon，god of sea.vOther gods associated with heaven were Hephaestus, god of fire and metalworkers;vAthena, goddess of wisdom and war; vApollo, god of light, poetry, and music. vArtemis, goddess of wildlife and the moon; vAres, god of war; vAphrodite, goddess of lo

20、ve and vHermes, messenger of the gods and ruler of science and invention. Gods personalities and expertise氏族社会后期、氏族社会后期、父权制社会的产物父权制社会的产物v雷电之神宙斯雷电之神宙斯v海神波赛冬海神波赛冬v天后赫拉天后赫拉v农神得墨特尔农神得墨特尔智慧女神雅典娜智慧女神雅典娜日神阿波罗日神阿波罗月神和狩猎女神阿尔忒弥斯月神和狩猎女神阿尔忒弥斯战神阿瑞斯战神阿瑞斯匠神赫淮斯托斯匠神赫淮斯托斯爱与美之神阿佛罗狄忒爱与美之神阿佛罗狄忒神的使者赫尔墨斯神的使者赫尔墨斯酒神狄俄尼索斯酒神狄

21、俄尼索斯vSome Olympiangods, such as Hephaestus，Dionysus and Athena, had unusual births.The stories about the birth of some godsMetis， the goddess of wisdom，Athenas mothervThe birth of Athena was even stranger. Zeus and Metis, daughter of the Titan Oceanus, were the parents of Athena. But Gaea had warned

22、 Zeus that, after giving birth to the girl with whom she was pregnant, Metis would bear a son destined to rule heaven. To avoid losing his throne to a son, Zeus swallowed Metis, just as Cronus had previously swallowed his own children. Birth of AthenavMetiss child Athena was born from the head of Ze

23、us, which Hephaestus split open with an axe. Hephaestus, Zeus, birth of Athena Birth of AthenaBirth of AthenaThe birth of AphroditeNo one knows the exact origin of her, but some say she was the daughter of Zues and Dionne, while others say she originated from the sea foamThe Birth of Venus (1485) Sa

24、ndro Botticelli, Italian Since ancient times Aphrodite has been depicted as coming out from a Shell.Upper-Right: The Wooded ShoreThe mortal Semele，Dionysus mother ，Zeus lover, a Theban princessBirth of DionysusvHera, Zeuss wife, was extremely jealous and tried to destroy the pregnant Semele. In her

25、anger, Hera tricked Semele into asking Zeus to show her his true nature. Zeus and SemeleBirth of DionysusSemeles mortal mind was stretchedv After Zeus showed her his true nature as storm god and consumed her in lightning. Semele, Dionysus mother was burnt to death in the glory of Zeus while Dionysus

26、 is still in her womb. Semele burned to ash after seeing Zeus.Birth of DionysusBirth of DionysusvZeus gathered the unborn child and put him into his own thigh. Soon after, Dionysus was born from Zeuss left leg (note: twice-born, once of flesh and once of spirit) Then Zeus passed the baby into the ha

27、nds of Hermes who took him to his mothers family. Zeus was unfaithful to his wife, Hera, and often spent time with nymphs and mortal women, thus producing many great heroes.Zeus had a lot of romance vAmong his numerous affairs, the most notable ones are Europa, Io and Leto.Because Zeus has so many l

28、overs , such as Europa , Io , Leto and so on , Hera often do some jealous revenge to these pity women.Zeus and Io vLeto was driven by Hera from land to land . At last Poseidon took pity on her and brought the island of Delos out of water for her to live on, which was neither mainland nor a real island The island was surrounded by swans. Leto and the Birth of Apollo and Artemis on DelosHermes, Artemis, Leto, P