时态和被动语态答案

1、般将来时特殊用法: 用“ be to+动词原形”表示。主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止 或可能性：He is to leave for Beiji ng tomorrow.他决定明天去北京。Tell him he ' s not to be back 告诉他不准迟回。用“ be about to+动词原形”表示。主要表示即将要发生的事：He is about to leave他即将要离开。Sit dow n, everyo ne. The film is about to start.大家坐好，电影马上就要开发始了。注：该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用：误：H

2、e is about to leave soon tomorrow.另外，该结构在美国英语中还可表示打算”主要用于否定句）：I ' m not about to lend him any more mon我不打算再借给他任何钱。（3）用“现在进行时”（即be+现在分词）表示。主要表示按计划或安排要发生的事：The stude nts are leav ing on Sun day学 生们星期日出发。we re having a party next wee我们下星期将开一个晚会。注：该用法有时表示即将发生的动作：I ' m leavin我走了。（4）用“一般现在时”表示。表示按

3、规定或时间表预计要发生的事：The train leaves at 7:25 this evening火车今晚 7:25分开。Tomorrow is Wedn esda y 明天是星期三。We have a holiday tomorrow.我们明天放假。注：在表示时间、条件等的状语从句以及某些名词性从句、定语从句等中，也用一般现在时表示将 来意义，参见“时态详解：一般现在时”的有关用法。will表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。Will you please lend me your bike?We will help him if he asks us.现在进行时的用法

4、注意：有些动词（状态动词不用于进行时态）1. 表示知道或了解的动词 :believe, doubt, forget, imagine, know, remember, realize, suppose, understand2. 表示“看起来” “看上去"appear, resemble, seem3表示喜爱或不喜爱 hate, like，love，prefer4 表示构成或来源的动词 be come from. contain, in clude5 表示感官的动词 hear see smell sound taste6 表示拥有的动词 belong to, need, own, p

5、ossess, want, wish现在完成时（延续性动词和非延续性动词）一. 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作 ,女口： learn, work, sta nd, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, si ng, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有：fo叶一段时间,for 2 years; since 从句,since he came here; since+寸间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a lon

6、g time 等。例:He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.学习好资料欢迎下载I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.How long did you stay there last year?二. 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy 等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表 示时间点的状语连用，如：

7、two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.否定的终止性动词可以 与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例 :I have n't left here for 3 years. I have n't heard from him for 3 weeks.三. 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave - be away, borrow - keep,buy - have,begi n/start - be on,die - be dead, finish - be over,join - be in+组织机构,be a

8、 member of+组织机构,open sth - keep sth open,fall ill - be ill,get up-be up, catch a cold - have a cold,come here - be here,go there - be there,become - be,come back - be back,fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in),go (get) outbe out,例:The old man died 4 years ago.-The old man has bee n

9、 dead for 4 years.-It is 4 years since the old man died.-Four years has passed since the old man died.He joined the Party 2 years ago.He has been in the Party for 2 years.-I bought the book 5 days ago.-I have had the book for 5 days.比较过去时与现在完成时1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的， 强调过去的事情对现在

10、的影响，强调的是影响。2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语 :yesterday, last week ago, in 1980, in October, just now, this morning, tonight,this April, now, once， before, already, recently, lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, al

11、ways比较现在完成时和过去完成时现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在 的动作。I have cleaned the classroom .(强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！)We have lived here for ten years.“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时)We have lived here si nee we came here(“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时)过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”，即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发

12、生的则只用一般过去时。在told,said, kn ew, heard, thoughl等 动词后的宾语从句。She said (that) she had n ever bee n to Paris.Mr Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to Chi na.来”中国已过去，而先前“住”学习好资料-欢迎下载.在纽约更过去！）（另外注意：“住”在纽约可没有持续到现在）We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term.（“上期期末”已过去，而是在其前“学”的就更过 去

13、了！）1. I have bee n to Shan ghai. Ithere last mon th.A. goB. went C. have gone D. will go2. -What 'your father doing now?Hethe room.A. clea nedB. clea nsC. has clea nedD. is clea ning3. -Have you had your breakfast yet?-Yes, Momit for me.A. was cook ingB. is cook ing C. will cook D. cooked4. -You

14、r phone nu mber aga in? Iquite catch it.-It ' s 9568442.A. didn 't B. couldn 'tC. don 'tD. can 't5. Can I help you, sir?Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it.A. didn ' t work B. won ' t workC. can ' t work D. doesn ' t work6. Hele nher keys in the office

15、 so she had to wait un til her husba ndhome.A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come7. my glasses?Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you seeB. Had you see C. Would you see D. Have you see n8. I first met Lisa three years ago. Sheat a radio shop at th

16、at time.A. has worked B. was work ing C. had bee n work ingD. had worked9. Is this rain coat yours?No, minethere beh ind the door.A. is hangingB. has hung C. hangs D. hung10. Alice, why didn' t youecoesterday?I, but I had an un expected visitor.A. hadB. wouldC. was going to D. did11. Who is Jerr

17、y Cooper?B. Hadn ' t you metnhiyet D. Haven ' t you met him yet? I saw you shak ing hands with him at the meeti ng.A. Don ' t you meet him yetC. Didn ' t you meet him yet12. Nancy is not coming toni ght.But she!A. promises13. Shirley _A. has writte n14. The priceC. will promiseD. had

18、 promisedB. promised a book about China last year but I don now whether sheihas finished it.B. wroteC. had writte nbut I doubt whether it will rema in so.D. was writ ingA. went dow nB. will go dow n C. has gone dow nD. was going dow n15. The reporter said that the UFOeast to west whe n he saw it.学习好

19、资料欢迎下载A. was traveli ngB. traveled C. had bee n traveli ng D. was to travel答案解析I. B 2.D 3. D 4. A。句意为 我刚才没有听清楚”。5. Do昨天在这买的收音机，现在坏了。” work旨机器设备的运作。6. Co leave应发生在had to wait这个过去动作之前，过去的过去”用过去完成时；后一空用一般过去时表示过去将来。7. D。现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响：问话人的目的是想知道眼镜在哪里。8. B。在三年前见到她时，她当时正在一家radio shop工作。9. Ao hang表示某

20、物 悬挂”在某处，是不及物动词；is hanging正悬挂在。10. Co was going to do表示未完成的意愿：本打算做（但却没有做成）。would无此用法。II. D。由I saw.可知meet发生在过去，且强调对现在的影响：你不是已经和他见过面了吗？12. Bo但她曾经答应要来的”，过去的许诺，故用一般过去时。13. D。由 我不知道她是否已经写完了 ”推知，她去年 正在写”。14. C。后文（will remain so）暗示物价已经降下来了。被动语态构成1. 一般现在时2. 般过去时3. 般将来时4. 现在完成时5. 现在进行时6. 过去进行时7. 过去将来时8. 过去完成

21、时15. A。过去进行时表示报告人当时所看到的情景。am/is/are+过去分词was/were+过去分词1)will/shall be+ 过去分词，2)is/ am/ are going to be 过去分词 have/has bee n 过去分词 am/ is /are +be ing+过去分词 was/ were being +过去分词1)would be + 过去分词，2)was/ were going to be 过去分词 had bee n +过去分词may， might， will， be made to do be heard to do be watched to do be

22、 no ticedto do -9. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词 +be+过去分词would，shall， should, must，seedo 变为- let do变为 feel do 变为need,)be seento dobe letto dobe fet to do（情态动词： can, could，（注makedo 变为heardo 变为watchdo 变为notice do变为用法：1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。Ex. This watch is made in Chi na.2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。Ex. More trees must be pla nte

23、d every year.3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者是谁。Ex. Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.4. 句子的主语是物。Ex. Many houses were washed away by the flood.注意：学习好资料欢迎下载1. Open, look, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive 等词作不及物动词时，他们的主语为 物，可用主动语态表被动意义。Ex. This kind of pen writes very smoothly.Thi

24、s kind of shirt sells well here.2. Look, sound, taste, sme等系动词用主语结构表被动意义。Ex. Uniform looks ugly on us.3. Be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。Ex. This book is worth readi ng.4. Want/ need/ require + doing 相当于 want/ need/ require + to be done. To be don表示不定式的被 动结构。Ex. My bike n eeds repairi ng.= My bike n eeds to be repaired.5. 主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能用作被动态的主语。Ex. The man in troduced himself as Mr. White.Himself was in troduced as Mr. White.（错）6. 当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。Ex. We will have a meet ing. A meet ing will be had by us.错昔）7. 主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能用作被动语态的主语。Ex. My brother enjoys