名词代词专题整理

1、专题一：名词考点：1.名词的分类2.名词的数3.名词所有格一名词的定义：名词是指人、地点、事物、行为、品质、抽象概念、感情等的名称的词。二名词的分类：1）.专有名词：表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词。第一个字母一般要大写。如Lucy 、Beijing、China、the Great Wall、the Yellow River，Einstein，UK，US等2 ).普通名词: 三：名词的数：可数: 能以数目来计算 不可数: 不能用数字来计算1.可数名词的数1）.可数名词变复数的规则变化：情况构成方法例词一般情况加-scapcaps; dogdogs; bikebikes; driverd

2、rivers以字母s, sh, ch, x等结尾加-esbusbuses; wishwishes; watchwatches; boxboxes以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再+es ladyladies; centurycenturies; familyfamilies; storystories以元音字母+y结尾直接+sdaydays; boyboys; keykeys以f或fe结尾一般变f, fe为v，再加-esleafleaves; lifelives; halfhalves; knifeknives以o结尾有生命力的+es tomatotomatoes; heroheroes; pota

3、topotatoes;无生命力的+sradioradios; zoozoos;，photophotos; pianopianos2.)不规则变化改变部分字母： ae woman- women 妇女， man- men男人，policeman-polimen警察, fireman-firemen 注意:GermanGermansooee foot-feet脚,  tooth-teeth 牙, goose-geese鹅, 其他: child-children孩子，mouse-mice老鼠 , 单、复数同形： Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人,sheep绵羊

4、,deer鹿,fish鱼, people关于“国人”的复数：中、日友好：Chinese-Chinese中国人，Japanese-Japanese日本人英、法联邦：Englishman-Englishmen, 英国男人 Englishwoman-Englishwomen英国女人;             Frenchman-Frenchmen,  法国男人 Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen法国女人;澳、加（真）美: Australian-Australi

5、ans , Canadian- Canadians , American-Americans 2.不可数名词：（前面不能用a,an等来修饰）到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有：液体类(water)：juice(果汁) , tea（茶） , soup（汤） ,milk（牛奶） , cola（可乐） ,coffee（咖啡） ,ice(冰)肉类(meat)：beef（牛肉）,pork（猪肉）,mutton（羊肉）食物类（food)   rice（大米，米饭） ,porridge（粥) ,junk food（垃圾食品）,chocolate（巧克力） ,tofu（豆腐）bread（面包） 抽象名

6、词类：news（新闻，消息）,information（消息）,money（钱）,advice（建议）,friendship（友谊） ,work（工作）,homework（家庭作业）,housework（家务活）,schoolwork（学业）,help（帮助） ,fun （乐趣）,health（健康）,price （价格），furniture（家具）， sugar（糖），weather（天气），wealth（财富），trouble（麻烦），traffic（交通），harm（伤害），fruit（水果），progress（进步），time（时间）表材料：wood木材,paper纸,gold 黄金 h

7、air头发 ink 墨水 不可数名词计量的表达: 数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词个数单位词：piece （张、片、块、条）,容器单位词：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）, bowl（碗）类别单位词：kind( 种、类)度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤) Eg： a piece of paper two bottles of juice a piece of bread two cups of coffee a drop of water a bar of chocolate 注：不可数名词可以和some，much，little，any，a lot of，plenty o

8、f 连用3.有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同。如：work(工作)a work(著作) glass(玻璃)a glass(玻璃杯)paper(纸)a paper(报纸；文件；试卷) tea(茶)a tea(一种茶)(表示种类)wood(木头)a wood(小树林) room(空间)a room(房间)chicken(鸡肉)a chicken(小鸡) light(光，光线)a light(电灯)fish(鱼肉)fishes(各种各样的鱼) exercise(锻炼，运动)exercises(习题)life(生活)lives(生命) orange(橘子汁)an orange(橘子

9、)time(时间)times(倍，次数) hand(帮助)a hand(手)4. 复合名词的复数形式有两种(1)将主体词变为复数，如：sister­in­lawsisters­in­law(嫂子) boy classmateboy classmates(2)将复合词中两个词都变为复数，此种复合词中第一个词须是man或woman，如：man workermen workers woman teacherwomen teachers5特殊情况(1)有些名词只有复数形式，如： clothes，shorts，pants，scissors(剪刀)，goods，gl

10、asses(眼镜)(2)有些名词以s结尾，但不是复数形式，如： news，maths，physics，politics四名词所有格：表示“的”:一般在名词后加  s 构成。 如：Jims mother 吉姆的妈妈   My  teachers desk 我老师的桌子  the dogs name那狗的名字若以S结尾词，则在S后加  .如：the  boys 那些男孩的。表示几个人共同的东西，只在最后一个人后加 . 如：Lucy and Lilys mother 。    Lucy和Li

11、ly的妈妈（两人是姐妹）表示几个人都分别有的东西，则每个都加 . 如：Lucys  and  Lilys  mothers .  Lucy 的妈妈和Lily的妈妈（两人不是姐妹）一般用.of.结构来表示无生命的名词所有格： 如：the door of the room 房间的门  a map of China一 张中国地图双重所有格例：a friend of my fathers, a classmate of mine of所有格与双重所有格的区别a friend of my uncle (该人与我叔叔是朋友关系)a friend of my

12、 uncles (该人是我叔叔朋友中的一个, 完全等同于 one of my uncles friends)(7)有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词，也可以加's构成所有格。如：a week's time 一周的时间 China's population中国的人口 two miles' distance两英里的距离专题二：代词考情分析：从近五年考查情况来看，代词是每年的必考点，每年均考查其中的一个考点，其中不定代词是重点也是难点，2016年备考时应掌握好代词各个考点。 要点：1.人称代词 2. 物主代词 3. 反身代词 4.指示代词 5.不定

13、代词 6. 疑问代词一人称代词：1. 人称代词的人称、数和格数格 人称 单数 复数 主格宾格主格宾格第一人称 Imeweus第二人称 youyouyouyou第三人称 hehimtheythemsheheritit2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。动词前面用主格，动词或介词之后用宾格。如: I like table tennis. (作主语)我喜欢打乒乓球。 Do you know him? (作宾语)你认识他吗? 3.人称代词还可作表语，作表语时用宾格。如: Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？ Its me. 是我。 4.一般情况下，

14、多个人称代词同时出现的顺序是：单数是you，he and I。复数是we，you and they。 二物主代词：表示所属关系的代词叫物主代词，表示“ 的“. 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示:数 人称 类别 单数 负数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 形容词性物主代词 myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词 mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs意思 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他(她、它)们的 2.形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。一般情况下形容

15、词性物主代词后面接名词。如: Our teacher is coming to see us. 我们的老师要来看我们了。 3.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。一般情况下名词性物主代词后面不可接名词。如:Our school is here and theirs is there. (作主语)我们的学校在这里，他们的在那里。 三反身代词：英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”， “我们自己”，“你们自己”，“他们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如下表所示： 人称数 第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhim

16、self；herself ; ifself复数ourselvesyourselves themselves1.反身代词可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。 (1)作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。如: He called himself a writer. 他称自己为作家。 (2)作表语。如: The girl in the news is myself. 新闻里的女孩就是我自己。 (3)作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。如: You should ask the teacher himself. (作宾语同位语)你应该问老师他自己。 2.反身代词必须要与

17、被指代人在人称和数上保持一致，意为“某人自己”。如： You can do all the homework by yourself. 你可以自己做所有的家庭作业。 3.反身代词在实际运用中，可构成很多固定词组。 teach oneself=learn by oneself自学 enjoy oneself玩得高兴 help oneself to 随便吃 come to oneself 苏醒过来 lose oneself迷路 dress oneself 自己穿衣服四指示代词：1.指示代词包括:this，that，these，those。 (1)this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事

18、物或人，that和those则指时间或空间上较远的事物或人。如: This is a pen and that is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔，那是一支铅笔。 We are busy these days. 这些天我们很忙。 (2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如: I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. 我感冒了，这就是我没有来的原因。 What I want to say is this: pronunciation is very important in learning Engli

19、sh. 我想说的是:学英语时发音非常重要。 (3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。如: TV sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. 在北京生产的电视机和那些在上海生产的一样好。 (4)this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。如: Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 你好!我是玛丽，你是杰克吗? 五 不定代词：1.常见的不定代词有:some, any, one, each, every, no, none, all,

20、 both, either, neither, many, much,a few,a little,other, another, the other等。 2.形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody，nobody, everything, everyone, everybody等不定代词时，1).形容词放在不定代词的后面。如：something important 重要的东西 nothing interesting 没有有趣的东西 .2) 不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。3、易混不定代词辨析 1.） some，any 一些 so

21、me，any都意为“一些”，既可以修饰或代替可数名词复数，也可以修饰或代替不可数名词。some常用在肯定句中；any多用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中。 练习: I have tea here. I cant see tea. 但在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望的得到肯定的回答或表示请求，建议时用some，如：Would you like some tea? 2. ) many，much 许多 many，much都表示“许多”的意思，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，在肯定句中多用a lot of，lots of等。many修饰或代替可数名词的复数，其反义词是few;而much修饰或代替不可数名词，其反义词

22、是little。 练习:I didnt know English people who could speak Chinese. Is there water in the bottle? 3. ) few,a few,little,a little few，a few用来修饰或代替复数可数名词；little，a little用来修饰或代替不可数名词；few，little表示否定，意为“很少、几乎没有”；a few，a little表示肯定，意为“一些、少许”。 练习: He is now out of work and can earn money. I can speak French.

23、students in this school can speak Japanese. There are still students in the classroom. 4. ) another,other,the other，others和the others的区别 (1)another泛指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，表示“又一(个)，又一些；另外的(人、物)，别的(人、物)”，既可用作形容词又可用作代词。 Eg: -What about this T-shirt? -I dont like the color. Please show me another one. (2)other表

24、示“另外的”，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用； (3)others泛指别的人或物，是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物(但不是全部)，不能作定语，some others=( other+复数名词)“一些另一些” (4)the other表示“两者中的另一个”，one the other 意为“(两者中的)一个另一个”。修饰单数名词意为“(两者中)另一个”，修饰复数名词意为“(两部分中)剩下的,其余的”。练习: We need four people. people may think like that. Some of the questions are hard; are easy. He

25、 has two sons.One is thin and is fat. There are 50 students in my class.30 are boys, are girls. 5. ) none，no one (1)none表示三者或三者以上全部否定，意为“全都不”。none既可指人又可指物，通常后接of短语。none用作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。none常用来回答how many/much的提问。 (2)no one表示三者或三者以上全部否定，与nobody同义,只用来指人，其后一般不跟of短语。no one常用来回答who的提问。 练习: of us want(s) t

26、o go，but we have to. Everyone is here； is away. 6. ) every，each 每一个 (1)every用来指三者或三者以上，侧重整体而不指个别，它不能单独作主语或宾语，只有与名词连用或构成复合词时，才能作主语和宾语。every常可用于某些固定搭配中。 (2)each则用来指两者或两者以上，侧重于个别情况，可作主语、宾语、定语或同位语。作主语时，后接谓语的单数形式，但each作主语同位语时，谓语动词与主语一致。 练习: He knew by heart word in her letter. He gave an apple to . 7. )

27、all，both (1)all指三者或三者以上“都”。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。 (2)both表示“两者都”，常搭配 both and ，谓语动词常用复数。 练习: of us like Mr.Pope. Lucy and Lily agree with us. 8.） neither，either (1)neither表示“两者都不”neithernor. (2)either表示“两个中的任何一个”eitheror作代词，作主语，谓语动词用单数；作连词，连接的并列结构作主语时，谓语动词就近原则，练习: of the knives is useful of them was in

28、 good health, but both worked very hard 六疑问代词：疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。如: Who is going to come here tomorrow? (作主语)明天谁会来这里? What is that? (作表语)那是什么? Whose handwriting(书法) is better？Whom did you meet there? Which do you like ,spring or summer?模块一 名词、代词专项练习 名词

29、部分练习(一)、单项选择1. The restaurant is so popular here. Look, there are so many_ here. A. food B. dish C. people D. waiter2. Mrs Jenny gives us_ on how to learn English well. A. some advices B. many advicesC. some advice D. an advice3. There     a dictionary and two notebooks on the de

30、sk.A. is B. are C. has D. have 4. The computer on the desk is_. A. twins B. the twins C. the twins D. the twins5. Mrs Black is a friend of_. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers6. It is over_ from Shijiazhuang to Beijing. A. three hours drive B. three hours drive

31、C. three hours drives D. three hours drive7. Today is September 10th. It is _Day. A. TeachersB. Teachers C. the teachers D. Teachers8. Do you know the woman over there? Yes. Shes _aunt. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys9. After playing football for more than hal

32、f an hour, the students took_ rest. A. a few minutes B. a few minutes C. a little minutes D. a little minutes 10. There are three_ assistants in that_ shop. A. women; shoe B. woman; shoe C. woman; shoes D. women; shoes11. Where are the_? They are playing_ football on the playground. A. boys students

33、; the B. boy students; the C. boy students; × D. boy student; × 12. Bill said they would have_ holiday. A. a two-month B. two-months C. two-monthes D. two-months13. At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the_ of the running water. A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound14. _ are go

34、ing to England for a holiday.A. The Wang B. Wangs C. The Wangs D. The Wangs15. What happened to you this morning? The teacher asked me for my_ when I was late again. A. meaning B. idea C. excuse D. answer16. Oh, there isnt enough_ for us in the lift. No hurry. Lets wait for the next. A. floor B. gro

35、und C. room D. place17. Tom regards Nanjing as his second_ because he has been here for over ten years. A. family B. room C. house D. home18. Football is a popular _around the world. A. match B. goal C. game D. play 19. Excuse me, waiter. Were leaving. Can you bring me the_, please? A. money B. note

36、 C. bill D. list20. Once upon a time we Chinese made the first kite. People used kites to send_ to other places, because they didnt have telephones, computers, or even radios. A. languages B. newspapers C. messages D. magazines21. Heilongjiang is in the _of China. A. northeast B. northeastern C. nor

37、thwest D. northwestern 22. Lao She is the _of Tea House(茶馆). A. doctor B. actor C. scientist D. writer 23. I want to go to different places, but I dont know the_. A map is helpful, I think. A. price B. way C. time D. ticket24. Thomas Edison never gave up. During his lifetime, he had 1,093_. A. instr

38、uctions B. competitions C. inventions D. injections25. The TV_ on Channel Five are about sports. A. experiences B. performances C. programs D. problems26. Please give me a_ when you get to Beijing. All right. Ill tell you everything when I get there. A. newspaper B. ticket C. present D. ring27. Sorr

39、y, Jane. I took your school bag by_. It doesnt matter. A. hand B. mistake C. bike D. heart28. Brian is so kind that he often gives me a_ when Im in trouble. A. reply B. seat C. hand D. reason 29. We should have_ in ourselves and we will make it if we have a try. A. success B. confidence C. progress

40、D. knowledge 30. His family _ a happy one. A. be B. are C. is D. was(二)、根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1. Different people may have different _. (idea)2. I often go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. Are there any in the box

41、? (watch)7. There are twelve in a year. (month)8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at those in the boats! (people)10. Look! The are singing. (woman)11. September 10th is Day. (teacher)12. Jim has some . (knife)13. How much are these ? (vegetable)14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute

42、) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy)代词部分练习(一)、单项选择1. There are quite a few old books on the shelf , but _ of them is useful to him . A. bothB. allC. neither D. none2. The Smiths have visited two famous cities . One is in Japan and _ is in China . A. another B. otherC. others D. the

43、other3. Whats in your car ? _ . A. No oneB. NothingC. NobodyD. None4 _ of the two girls is from Beijing . A. AllB. BothC. NoneD. Neither5. Students are usually interested in sports . Some like running ; some like swimming ; _ like ball games . A. the othersB. othersC. the other D. other6. The twins

44、corrected the mistakes on the test papers _ . A. themB. themselvesC. himD. himself7. She always thinks of _ more than herself . A. other B. others C. the other D. the others8. The Greens garden is larger than _ .A. weB. usC. oursD. our9. - What do you think of their school? - Its really beautiful. B

45、ut I dont think their school is as big as _. A. ours B. us C. we D. our10. I dont think it very expensive to buy a family computer here . Really ? Ill buy _ next week . A. itB. thisC. oneD. mine11. the weather in summer here is like _ in Beijing . A. thisB. thatC. itD. its12. _ is my son . Do you li

46、ke to play with _ ? A. You , you B. She , her C. I , me D. He , him13. We dont know _ he is . They say he is much better these days . A. whatB. whoC. howD. where14. Boys , dont touch the machine , or you may hurt _ . A. myselfB. yourselfC. yourselves D. themselves15. We went to travel with some frie

47、nds of _ . A. usB. oursC. ourD. ourselves16 . Friends like you make _ a lot easier to get along in a new place. A. me B. that C. you D. it 17. The doctor advised Elsa strongly that she should take a good rest, but _ didnt help. A. she B. it C. which D. he18.He has several books on the desk, but

48、 _ of them is on history. A. none B. neither C. all D. both19. Betty, help _ to some soup. -Thanks a lot. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours20. If you cant decide which of the two novels to borrow, why dont you take _? I wont read them this month. A. both B. all C. any D. either21. “Have _ try, you

49、 are so close to the answer,” the teacher encourages the kids. A. the other B. one another C. other D. another22. Can we beat them? -Yes, of course. _ is possible if we try our best. A. Anything B. Nothing C. Something D. None23. Timmy tells me that you have read _ on the Internet. A. something amazing B. anything amazing C. amazed something D. amazed anything24. Im leaving for the exam. Bye-bye