v-ing-的用法

1、中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL动词变为动词变为v-ing的规则的规则： 1.一般在动词后加一般在动词后加ing, 如：如：work-working study -studying do- doing2.动词以不发音的动词以不发音的e 结尾，去掉结尾，去掉e,加加 ing。如：。如：likeliking makemaking writewriting 3.以重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音，双写辅音字母再加以重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音，双写辅音字母再加ing 。如：。如：setsetting runrunnin

2、g swimswimming beginbeginning forgetforgetting, preferpreferring 4.以以ie结尾的变成结尾的变成y再加再加ing。如：。如： die-dying lie-lying tie-tying中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLV-ing形式的各种时态和语态形式的各种时态和语态:时态时态一般式一般式完成式完成式主动主动 被动被动 doinghaving donebeing done having been done否定式：否定式：not doing sth. 复合式：复合式：ones doing sth.中专部中专部LLLLLLLLL

3、LKLL -ing分词的否定形式是由分词的否定形式是由not 加加-ing分词构成分词构成。如：。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL-ing分词的一般式和完成式：分词的一般式和完成式： -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：表示的

4、动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。努力学习功课，他考试不及格。中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL-ing分词的被动式分词的被动式-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(bei

5、ng done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLV-ing形式形式在句中所作的成分在句中所作的成分 成 分动词形式主语宾语表语定语状语补语动名词现在分词中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL一一. V -ing form as the Subject动名词动名词(短语短语)做主语往往表示做主语往往表示经常性经常性/习惯性习惯性的动作的动作, 且谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。且谓语动词用第三人称

6、单数形式。用法用法 ：1.直接置于句首充当句子主语 Seeing is believing. Helping her is my duty. Collecting stamps is a good hobby.中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLV-ing vs. infinitive as Subject 1. _ English is not so easy. _ English well this year is not so possible. (A. To learn/ B. Learning) 2._ chess is fun.(A. To play/ B. playing)A/

7、 BAB1）作主语时，不定式与动名词一般可以通用。2）表示一种普遍性的事情或一种经验和体会，一般用动名词作主语：3）表示具体动作（指句中有具体的时间、频率、地点、方式状语）或将来的动作不定式作主语。中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL2 以It 作形式主语 动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样，也可以用动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。如：作形式主语。如： Its rather happy to walk around in a beautiful city.- Walking around in a beautiful city is rather happy. Its r

8、ather happy walking around in a beautiful city.中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL It isnt worth _ that program. A. to watch B. watched C. watchingD.being watching It is/was worth doing此外还有一些相似的句型：此外还有一些相似的句型： P31 (1) It is a waste of time doing It is a waste of time arguing about it. Its no good/use/need doing . 做

9、做 是没益处是没益处/ /没用没用/ / 没必要的没必要的 Its no use waiting here. * It is no need telling her the news. There is no need _ her the news. There is no need to do sth 干没必要，to do 不可换为doing.特别注意一些只能用特别注意一些只能用V-ingV-ing做主语的句型做主语的句型to tell中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLIt is no use (求救求救) asking for helpIt is no use/good doing s

10、th 做是没有用处/好处的中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLIt is/was worthwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的 It is worthwhile .(这部是电影值得看的这部是电影值得看的)seeing the movie2中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLIt +is/was +a waste of time doing 做做是浪费时间的是浪费时间的It is a waste of time . (玩电脑游戏玩电脑游戏)playing computer games3中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLIt is pleasant/useless doing做做

11、是有乐趣是有乐趣/无用的无用的 It is pleasant with friends.(玩) playing4中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL3. 3. 在在there be no+ v-ingthere be no+ v-ing结构中作主语结构中作主语 这事不是开玩笑的这事不是开玩笑的There is no joking about the matter.其他其他常见类似句型：常见类似句型： V- ing 做宾语做宾语There is no sense in doing sth. 做做没有道理没有道理There is no point （in） doing sth 做做没有意义没有意

12、义There is no good/use in doing sth. 做做没有好处没有好处/用处用处There is nothing worse than doing sth没有比没有比更糟糕的更糟糕的没有比考试不及格更糟糕的事情了。没有比考试不及格更糟糕的事情了。There is nothing worse than _.考试作弊没有任何意义。考试作弊没有任何意义。There is no point _ in the exam.failing in the examin cheating中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL 归纳：常用归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：形式作主语的句型

13、有： It +be +a waste of time doing 做做是浪费时间的是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing 做做是没益是没益/用处的用处的 It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做做不值得不值得 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的 There is no doing 无法无法 ， 不允许不允许中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL There is no sense in doing 做做没有道理没有道理 There is/was no use doing 做做

14、无意义无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比没有比更糟的更糟的 There is/was no point doing 做做无意义无意义 我们不知道要去哪儿。我们不知道要去哪儿。 There was no knowing where we would go. 做这件傻事毫无意义。做这件傻事毫无意义。 There is no point doing such a silly thing. 中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much.；作某些短语动词的宾语。 Mary is th

15、inking of going back to New York.； do+限定词（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing，表示“做事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on this Saturday afternoon? 育才中学二. V-ing as Object中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.I often fish for hours without c

16、atching anything. 作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading. ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that.Do you think it necessary trying again?育才中学中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL注意注意 1.只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest, app

17、reciate, dislike，delay，escape，imagine，postpone, mind，miss，practise，excuse，fancy ,risk , cannot stand, give up，put off，cannot help，feel like等。如：等。如： 我不能不去。我不能不去。 I cant avoid going 你是否考虑过找一位挚友你是否考虑过找一位挚友? Have you considered looking for one special friend? 。中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLJack said that he wouldn

18、t mind _ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL2.几乎所有介词，都能用动词几乎所有介词，都能用动词-ing形式作形式作宾语，其中很多都是固定搭配。例如：宾语，其中很多都是固定搭配。例如：dream of doing 梦想梦想 have difficulty /trouble(in) doing 在在有困难有困难succeed in doing 在在成功成功 feel like doing想要做想要做下列短语中下列短语中to都是介词：都是介词：中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL look

19、forward to 盼望盼望, object to反对反对, pay attention to 注意注意, oppose to反对反对get/be used to习惯于习惯于, devote to致力于致力于get down to着手着手, listen topay a visit to , agree to be accustomed to习惯于，习惯于，stick to坚持坚持apply oneself to致力于致力于 contribute to 有助于有助于be related to与与有关有关 中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL3.3.动词后只用不定式口诀动词后只用不定式口诀：

20、两个希望要答应希望要答应 两个要求要求莫拒绝拒绝 做到学会做到学会作决定决定 不要假装假装在选择选择 没敢没敢提出提出来帮助帮助 hope wish want agree promisedemand ask refusemanage learn decidepretend choosefail dare offer help中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL 4. 在在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成作宾语，则构成“ allowadviseforbidpermit 名词代词不

21、定式名词代词不定式（宾语补足语）（宾语补足语）”之形式。之形式。如：如： We dont allow smoking here We dont allow anybody to smoke here 中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL5有些动词或短语动词后有些动词或短语动词后可接可接动名词动名词又可接又可接不定式不定式 。A.接接doing 和和to do意思基本相同的常意思基本相同的常见的有见的有: like，love，hate，prefer，continue, begin/startI like to run now.（现在想跑）（现在想跑） I like running.（一向喜欢）

22、（一向喜欢）中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词动词B.接接doing 和和to do意思不同的常见的意思不同的常见的有有: forget，remember，regret，try，mean， go on, cannot help, be used to, stop中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLgo on doing 继续做原来做的事继续做原来做的事go on to do 接着做另一件事接着做另一件事 mean doing 意味着要做某事意味着要做某事mean to do 想要做某事想要做某事 stop doing

23、停止做某事停止做某事stop to do 停下来（别的事）开始停下来（别的事）开始 做某事做某事中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLtry doing 试着做某事试着做某事try to do 努力做某事努力做某事be used to doing 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事被用来做某事forget/remember doing 忘记忘记/记得做过某事记得做过某事forget/remember to do 忘记忘记/记得去做某事记得去做某事中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLI remember posting the letterIll remembe

24、r to post the letterI shall never forget seeing the famous writer Dont forget to write to your motherI regret missing the reportI regret to say I cant take your advice中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLWe must try to get everything done in timeLets try doing the work in some other wayI didnt mean to make you angryY

25、our plan would mean spending hoursIm busy so I cant help_housework today.(do)I cannot help _about that girl. (wonder)We stopped talking to do some exercises.We cannot help but admire his courage. My grandpa is used to going for a walk after dinner. Wood can be used to make paper. 中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL

26、 6.在在need, want, require之后之后:doing=to be done Her shoes wants mending. Your hair needs cutting. The floor requires washing. to be mended.to be cut.to be washed.中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL【考例】 Lets have a rest Not nowI dont want to stop _ yet（MET 1985） A. study B. to study C. for studying D. studying 中专部中专部L

27、LLLLLLLLLKLL Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Learning English is very interesting. 学习英语非常有趣。学习英语非常有趣。 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌吸烟会致癌。Exercise 1中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL 3. Can you imagine living alone on an island? 你能想象单独生活在一个岛上么？你能想象单独生活在一个岛上么？4. I suggest b

28、ringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。我建议结束会议。中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL5. He admitted taking the money. 他承认钱是他拿的。他承认钱是他拿的。 6. It is worthwhile spending much money on education.在教育上多花钱是值得的。在教育上多花钱是值得的。中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLGroup 1Group 1Group 2Group 2Lets have a competionExercise 2中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL1. In so

29、me parts of London，missing a bus means _for another hour A. waiting Bto wait Cwait Dto be waitingGroup 1中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL2One learns a language by making mistakes and _them Acorrect Bcorrecting Ccorrect Dto correct3Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _some schools for poor children A

30、set up Bsetting up Chave set up Dhaving set up中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL4You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting Well, now I regret _that Ato do Bto be doing Cto have done Ddoing中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL5. Keep on _ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. tried D. trying中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL6. It

31、 took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL1. Though it sounds a bit too expensive, it is worth _. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying itGroup 2中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL2. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Wi

32、ll you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bringC. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL3. Once the heart stops _, death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating4. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us. A. to wai

33、t B. wait C. waiting D. waited中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL5. We are now busy _ for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL三三.v-ing形式作表语形式作表语-ing形式作表语时放在形式作表语时放在系动词系动词之后，用来指某种动之后，用来指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的内容、身份、性质或情况。如作或行为，以说明主语的内容、身份、性质或情况。如： Her hobby is painting.

34、 My job is looking after the children. His concern for his mother is most moving. Frank is very good at telling funny jokes. He can be very amusing.中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL动词动词ing作表语与进行时态的区别：作表语与进行时态的区别： 动词动词-ing形式可用在系动词后面作表语，说明主语形式可用在系动词后面作表语，说明主语的性质或情况，多表示一般性的或抽象的行为而进行的性质或情况，多表示一般性的或抽象的行为而进行时态表示主语正在做什么

35、（动作在进行）时态表示主语正在做什么（动作在进行） 。试比较：。试比较：Mike is listening to music. 迈克正在听音乐。迈克正在听音乐。(当前正当前正在进行的动作在进行的动作)Mikes favorite hobby is listening to music. 迈克最大的爱好是听音乐。迈克最大的爱好是听音乐。(说明主语的情况说明主语的情况)Teachers job is teaching .The teacher is teaching the boy history . 中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL四四. -ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 1. 动

36、词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作。如：作。如： When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在发现一个陌生人站在大门口。大门口。中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL We found the snake eating the eggs. The boss kept them working 14 hours a day. We

37、listen to the birds singing in the tree . I didnt notice him waiting for at the school gate . 中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL2. 能用能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有look at, see, listen to，hear, feel, find, notice, observe等。如：等。如： We saw a light burning in the window. I felt

38、somebody patting me on the shoulder. 中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL Can you smell anything burning? As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously.2) 表示让，使意义的动词，常见的有表示让，使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：等。如：中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLI wont have you doing it like that. This set me thinking

39、of my childhood.Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I cant get the clock stopping again.You wont catch me doing that again.你看吧，我决不会做那种事了你看吧，我决不会做那种事了 中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用等动词之后用-ing形式形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如（或强

40、调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如: I saw the teacher go to the office . I saw the teacher going to the office. We hear her sing an English song . We hear her singing an English song .中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可以将词有这些，看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住：它们记住：hear，listen to， make，let，have，look at，see

41、，watch， observe， notice，find ,feel。对了，用对了，用“两听、三让、四看、注意两听、三让、四看、注意找到感觉找到感觉”。多简单！。多简单！中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL五、五、-ing形式作定语形式作定语1. 单个动词的单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如：如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料建筑材料drinking

42、 water = water for drinking 饮用水饮用水中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLa walking stick = a stick for walking 拐杖拐杖a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室阅览室a developing country a country which is developinga sleeping boy a boy who is sleepinga dancing girl =a girl who is dancing.中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL2. -ing形式短语作定语时形式短语作

43、定语时, 放在所修饰的名放在所修饰的名词之后词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。句。如：如：They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. The man standing there is Peters father.= The man who is standing there is Peters father. 中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一

44、个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：句子其他部分用逗号分开。如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL六六. The -ing form 作状语作状语 -ing形式作状语：形式作状语：-ing 短语短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语

45、动词谓语动词或或整个句整个句子子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。伴随等情况。-ing 短语短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作，作状语一般表示一个次要的动作， 一般都可一般都可以变为相应的以变为相应的状语从句状语从句或或并列句并列句。中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLHearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。当

46、听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。Having received his letter, I decided to write back. = After I had received his letter, I decided to write back. 确收到他的信确收到他的信后后，我决定给他回信。，我决定给他回信。1. 作时间状语作时间状语-ing短语作时间状语，可以与短语作时间状语，可以与when, after等引导的时间等引导的时间状语从句互换状语从句互换-ing 短语作时间状语要置于句首短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：。如：中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL（2)

47、) 作原因状语作原因状语-ing短语作原因状语，可以短语作原因状语，可以because，since，as等引导的原因状语从句互换且等引导的原因状语从句互换且置于句首置于句首。Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.=Because he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. Not knowing what to do next, he turned to the teacher for help.=Because he didnt know what to do next, he turned to the teac

48、her for help.Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week. =Because (As) he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week. 中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL( (3) )作条件状语作条件状语-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末作条件状语置于句首或句末可以与可以与if, unless 等等引导的条件状语从句互换引导的条件状语从句互换。如：如：.Working hard, you will succeed.

49、= If you work hard, you will succeed. Being given more attention, the trees could have grown better.= If they had been given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL（4）作让步状语）作让步状语 - ing 短语作让步状语，可置于句首或句末，常与短语作让步状语，可置于句首或句末，常与even if, though 连用。如：连用。如：.Though working from

50、 morning till night, his father didnt get enough food.= Although his father worked from morning till night, he didnt get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。到足够的吃的。中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL ( (5) )作伴随状语作伴随状语表示两个动作同时发生（表示两个动作同时发生（stand, sit, lie) , 置于句首或句末。置于句首或句末。如：如：.We stood

51、there talking to each other.The poor man sat by the road, begging. .They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. 他们又唱又笑地走进教室。他们又唱又笑地走进教室。中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL ( (6) )作方式状语作方式状语 表示动作的方式表示动作的方式：.Americans like travelling, driving their cars.Th

52、ey often communicate with each other, using English.( (7) )作结果状语作结果状语 表示动作的结果表示动作的结果, 常置于句末常置于句末可以与可以与so that，as a result等引导的结果状语从句互换等引导的结果状语从句互换。如：如：.Both his parents died in the war, leaving him alone in the world.The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only the bones.*He went to the tra

53、in station in haste,_ ( （find) the train had left.only to find中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词分词”结构在句中作状语，表示结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户

54、溜了出去。中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL 分词作状语 1 明概念明概念 要明确现在分词和过去分词的基本表示意思：现在分词表示主动和正在进行的意思，过去分词表示被动和完成的意思。 2 找逻辑找逻辑 要找到分词和句子主语之间的逻辑关系，根据二者的具体逻辑关系来选择相应的分词：如是主动关系则用现在分词，被动关系则用过去分词。如果分词和句子主语间没有逻辑关系则要在分词前加上其相应的独立主格。中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL 3 定时态定时态 要辨别分词与句子谓语动词之间的动作先后关系，从而采取不同的分词形式：二者同时发生则用分词的一般式；分词动作发生在谓语动词前，则用完成式即having

55、 done的形式；正在被动用being done的形式，完成被动用：having been done的形式； 4 认否定认否定 分词作状语的否定形式是在分词前加not。中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLWhen working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.=When he worked in the factory, he was an advanced worker.注意：注意：1. -ing短语与短语与when, while, though, until, if等连词连用时，相当于这些等连词连用时，相当于这些连引导的一个从句。如：

56、连引导的一个从句。如：中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLLThough willing to attend the party, he refused the invitation. =Though he was willing to attend the party, he refused the invitation.If playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. =If you play all day, you will waste your valuable time.中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL注意：注意：2

57、. ing 形式的做状语时，其形式的做状语时，其逻辑主语逻辑主语必须与必须与句子的句子的主语主语相同；相同；如果不相同，分词前必须加上自己的主语，如果不相同，分词前必须加上自己的主语，这种结构被称为独立主格结构。这种结构被称为独立主格结构。 . If time permits, I will stay for another week. . _, I will stay for another week. Time permitting中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL注意：注意：3. ing 形式形式作作独立成分，独立成分，表示说话人的态度，或看问题表示说话人的态度，或看问题的角度的角度

58、。.Generally speaking, boys are more active than girls in sport. .Judging from his appearance, he must be a very healthy boy. . Speaking of school, how was your examination? . Considering his hard work, he got a rather poor mark in the Math test.中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL这些分词短语做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子这些分词短语做独立成分

59、，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：generally(frankly,honestly) speaking, supposing (假设假设), judging from(从从判断判断), talking of（谈到谈到), speaking of（谈到）谈到）等。等。Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys. Supposing you lose, what will you do?Judging from his accent, he must be from the no

60、rth.Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?中专部中专部LLLLLLLLLLKLL1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.Choose the correct sentence.中专部中专部LL