英综book3unit1A Brush with the Law

1、公共英语教研室备课备案Unit 1 A Brush with the Law一、教学目的1、了解：与课文相关的文化背景知识，如The sixties" youth counterculture", “Middle class”等。掌握记叙文的文体风格和写作特点。2、理解：理解课文的主题思想以及文中出现的复杂、疑难句式。3、掌握：1）课文的篇章结构和特点。2）阅读技巧：How to use a dictionary。 3）写作技巧：Ways to write or rearrange a coherent passage。4）语法：given, it turns out th

2、at的用法。4熟练掌握并运用四级重点词汇、短语、句型。二、教学重点1、掌握：1）与课文相关的文化背景知识：(1). Magistrates and the magistrates' court: In England, a magistrate is a person appointed to try minor offences. He is either an unpaid layman or, in London and some other large cities, a paid judicial officer. In England, every district has

3、 a magistrate's court. It is the lowest court of law. The magistrates' court can only try people for minor, i.e . not very serious, offences. It cannot give prison sentences totaling more than 12 months, nor can it order fines of more than 400 pounds for one offence. (2). Lawyer, solicitor,

4、barrister: Lawyer is the general term for anyone whose work it is to advise his clients about the law and represent them in court. A solicitor is a lawyer who gives advice, appears in lower courts, and prepares cases for a barrister to argue in a higher court. A barrister is a lawyer who has the rig

5、ht of speaking and arguing in the higher courts of law. If a person gets into trouble with the police, he will probably ask a solicitor to help prepare his defence and, if the defence is to be heard in a Magistrates' Court, he can ask a Solicitor to appear for him and argue his case. If the case

6、 goes to a higher court, the solicitor still advises him, but he must get a barrister to appear for him. (3). The Sixties' “youth counterculture”: The word “counterculture” was coined on the 1960' s for the attitude and life style of many young people who rejected conventional social values

7、and demanded more personal freedom. The counterculture first arose in the U.S during the 1960' s and soon spread to Britain , France and other western countries. These young people were opposed to the Vietnam War and dissatisfied with the existing state of affairs in their society. Yet, unable t

8、o find a more constructive way of struggling against these, they indulged themselves in sex, drugs, alcohol and rock music and took great pride in wearing long hair and unusual clothes and in taking up anything that was unconventional. Some people call them Hippies. The counterculture declined in th

9、e late 1970' s. (4). Middle Class: In Britain, the middle class includes professional people such as doctors, lawyers and architects, barbers and owners of business. It is between nobility and the working class. 2）课文的文体及特点：本文是一篇记叙文。 2、理解课文的主题思想，掌握课文的篇章结构。Main Idea: It tells about an incident in

10、the 60s in the UK, Both the circumstances for arrest and release are arbitrary, depending on a person's appearance, family status and the like instead of the facts.This text can be divided into three sections:A: Section one: (Para 1): An unpleasant experience that makes a good story now. B: Sect

11、ion two (Para 2- 19): The process of the arbitrary arrest and release. C: Section three (Para 20- 22): The author's final remarks. 3、通过本课程的学习，学生应熟练掌握并运用以下词汇、短语、句型：1）重点词汇：accent, brush, arbitrary, award, belief, brilliant, casual, circumstance, conduct, confirm, dismiss, employment, fate, given,

12、guilty, presumably, revolve, subsequent, temporary, commit, trial, wander, respectable, reliable, meanwhile, witness2）重点短语、句型：a couple of, call (up) on, save up, take sb. to court, stand a chance, take one' s time, turn out, turn against, regard.asA类词汇（四级高频词汇，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的词义、用法及其相关的词性转换、词义或用法的

13、补充）1.brush【教材】n. a short fight or quarrel; an argument or disagreement 小冲突，争吵，争议 - to have a brush with the police/ the Custom men/ the enemy n: implement of bristles , hair, wire 刷子clothes brush, a toothbrush, hairbrush, paintbrush 2. arbitrary a. 1) based on one's own wishes or will rather tha

14、n reason.随心所欲的，任意的 2）武断的，专断的- If a leader makes decisions without conducting investigations, he is being arbitrary.- The arbitrary decisions of the factory owners caused dissatisfaction among the workers.- The king is an arbitrary ruler. 这个国王是个专横的统治者。【补充】arbiter n.仲裁人，公断人arbitrate v. 仲裁arbitral a. 仲

15、裁的，公断的3. circumstance 【教材】n. condition, fact, etc connected with an event or a person环境，情况，情形； （pl.）境遇，状况- Because of circumstances beyond our control the meeting was cancelled.【补充】under/in the circumstances 在此情况下，既然如此【辨异】circumstance, surroundings, environment, setting circumstance(s)某事或动作发生时的情况 su

16、rroundings 专指自然环境，从周围的事物这一客体着眼 environment 可指自然环境，也可指人的精神环境，均从环境对人的感受、道德以及观念的影响着眼 setting 指为了突出某个主题二存在的背景，环境The children grew up in beautiful surroundings but not in a happy home environment.孩子们在美丽的环境中长大，但是却缺少一个幸福的家庭环境。And yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the unpleasant circum

17、stances of their lives.我们都了解那些被快乐包围的人，尽管他们生活中也会遇到不开心的情形。This is a picture of my house. In the setting, you can see mountains.这是我家房子的照片，从背景上你能看到山。4. subsequent【教材】a. coming after, following. 随后的，接下来的The story will be continued in subsequent issues of the magazine.Subsequent events proved me wrong【补充】

18、subsequently adv. subsequence n. 连续，一连串【辨异】consequence 随后发生的结果，后果; consequent; consequently Consequently; so therefore. As a consequence; as a result. 5. due 【教材】 adj.1) expected or schedules to arrive or be ready; supposed to 预定的，预期的，到期的The train from Beijing is due at 1:30.He was due to arrive in

19、London tomorrow. Their first baby is due in January 2) caused by, owing to , because of 由于 因为His absence was due to illnessDue to his bad temper, most people avoid him 3) to be paid or returned 应该支付的，应该给予的Money is due to him for his work The rent becomes due next week 4) proper 适当的，正当的，适宜的After due

20、consideration, he decided to accept the position He handled the matter with due care6. temporary 【教材】a. lasting for a short time only 短暂的， 暂时的，临时的 Ant. permanent- This is not my permanent address; it is only a temporary one.【辨异】contemporary a. 当代的， 同时代的7. commit 【教材】1) to do ( sth. wrong , bad, fool

21、ish , or unlawful ) 犯罪，犯错-wandering with intent to commit an arrestable offence They committed horrible crimes against the Chinese people suicidean errormurder2) deliver, hand over for safekeeping 把。托付给，委托，委任The insane man was committed to an asylum He committed his child to the care of a nursery 3)

22、 to promise to a certain opinion , course of action , or a cause保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等） He wouldnt commit himself on any issue I have committed myself to help /helping him 8. dismiss【教材】v.1） ( of a judge) stop ( a court case), refuse to consider a ( complaint plea,) in a court. 驳回，对。不予受理-The magistrate d

23、ismissed the case because of lack of evidence.2）免职，解雇I was frightened to death that I would be dismissed.9. award【教材】v. give or grant. 授予，给予- Who was awarded the first prize of scholarship last semester? n. 奖品，奖金he won the award of $1000.【补充】reward: reward somebody for sth. /reward somebody with sth

24、 Reward 名词 n.1.报酬, 报答, 奖赏, 报偿He will expect some reward after working so hard.他工作很努力, 会得到报偿的。2.赏金, 酬金The police are offering a big reward for information about the robbery.警方出大笔赏金要求提供那起抢劫案的破案线索。及物动词 vt.1.酬谢, 奖赏How can I reward your kindness?我怎样才能报答你的好心呢?Those who protect the oil field will be reward

25、ed.保护油田者有奖。10. charge 【教材】vt.1) accuse 控诉，控告，指控；指责They charged him with murder.2) to ask in payment 索(价)；收(费)；要(人)支付(若干费用)He charged me fifty dollars for his services.3) to give as a duty 使承担 (任务等)；使负责；把担子加在上，嘱托He is charged with heavy responsibilities4) to rush in an attack进攻We charged and the enem

26、y's front line fell back.我们一冲锋, 敌人的阵线就后退了。The soldiers charged the enemy.【补充】n.1) accusation 指责, 指控, 控告A charge of burglary was entered against him2) cost, price 费用It can be obtained on very reasonable chargesat ones own chargesfree of charge 3) position of care, control or responsibility for a

27、person, group or organization 掌管，控制，任务，责任Arresting criminals are the charge of the policetake charge of=be in charge of inunder the charge of=inunder ones charge4) attack 猛攻，冲突He was killed while leading the charge at the battle.11. conduct【教材】v. manage; direct; carry out. 控制, 指导，管理，经营；进行；实施；处理They

28、hired agents to conduct their company. 他们雇请代理人来管理他们的公司。 After failing dozens of timesa dozen times? or so, Dr. Wilson decided to conduct the experiment in a different way.B类词汇（四级词汇，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的词义、用法）1). fate n. what will happen or happened to sb. or sth. 命运 2). employment n. one's regular wor

29、k or occupation; job 职业；工作 3). wander vi. move about without a purpose 闲逛；漫游 4). casual a. careless; informal 漫不经心的；随便的 5). belief n. something believed; trust 相信；信念；信仰 6). thorough a. having or showing a bad character; 十足的7). witness n. a person who gives evidence in a court of law; sth. serving as

30、 evidence or proof 证人；证据 8). trial n. the act or fact of examining and deciding a civil or criminal case by a law审判9). court 法院；法庭10). cost n. (pl.) the cost of having a matter settled in a law court. esp. that paid to the winning party by the losing party 诉讼费 11). accent n. way of speaking typical

31、of the natives or residents of a region, or of any other group 口音；腔调 12). guilty a. having broken a law; showing or feeling hat one has done wrong 有罪的；内疚的 13). brilliant a. causing great admiration or satisfaction; splendid 辉煌的；卓越的 14). meanwhile ad. during the same period of time 同时 15). presumably

32、 ad. probably 16). successful a. having done what one has tried to do; having gained a high position in life, one's job, etc. 成功的；有成就的 17）meanwhile：during the same period of time. 同时; 其间I continued working, meanwhile, he went out shopping.我继续工作, 这期间他出去买东西。18) reliable a. worthy of trust; dependa

33、ble. (Antonym) unreliable 可靠的, 可信赖的Mr. Johnson's secretary is efficient and reliable. 19) respectable a. deserving respect ( cf. respectful: showing respect to others) 可敬的，值得尊敬的Dr. Smith is a respectable professor and all his students are respectful to him. 3) A类短语（四级高频短语，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的意思、用法及其词

34、义或用法的补充、相关短语的比较等）1. take sb. to court【教材】 take legal action against sb. 把某人告上法庭If you go on ill-treating your wife like this, you will be taken to court. 2. turn out【教材】1) come to be known, prove to be 结果是，原来是It turned out there had been a lot of petty thefts in the areaThe plan turned out a failure

35、.2) produce as the result of labor 制造出，培养出Our school has turned out many great scholars.The factory can turn out 500 cars a day.3) expel, drive out 驱逐If you dont behave yourself, you will be turned out.4) turn inside out, empty 向外翻转，倒空Ive turned out all the drawers in my desk.be present at, appearTh

36、e whole village turned out to welcome us.【补充】turn up 出现 , 露面 ,( 偶然事件 ) 发生 turn to 求助于 turn over 翻过来 , 移交 ; turn down 拒绝 turn away 走开，把脸转过去turn in 上交，呈交3. a couple of【教材】 a small number of; a few, usually two. I've got a couple of tickets. Will you go with me? 4. stand a chancethere is every chan

37、ce 【教材】有可能，有希望I would apply for the post if I were you, I think you stand a good chance. Do you think Mike stands a chance of being elected? He stands a good chance of winning the competitionThere is every chance that I would have been found guilty.5. save up【教材】 keep for future use. 储存起来It took him

38、 a year to save up enough money for a computer. 6. take one' s time【教材】 not to hurry; do sth. in an unhurried way. 不急，慢慢干Just take your time and tell me clearly what happened at the meeting yesterday. 7.call (up) on【教材】invite, require; appeal to The President called on his people to work hard fo

39、r national unity. I called on a friend of mine on my way to London . 【补充】call at, call for, call in, call off, call out, call up 3）构词法：un, -able, -ible, counter- 4）阅读技巧：how to use a dictionary5）写作技巧：how to write a coherent passage6）语法： given 用法1) if allowed, provided with (表示假设)倘若; 假定Given the oppor

40、tunity, he might well have become an outstanding cartoonist.Given the chance, Id love to try again.2) takeinto account, as far as be concerned 表示原因)考虑到Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job Given the present conditions, I think shes done rather well.It turns (turned) out + that clause 用法三、

41、教学难点复杂、疑难句子：1. it makes a good story now.2. What makes it rather disturbing was the arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court.3. and was not due to go to university until the following October.4. I was left in no doubt.5. perfectly straight face.6. My “trial” didnt go

42、 that far. 7. The magistrate dismissed the case8. getting cost awarded against the police.9. Given the obscure nature of the charge10.my solicitors case quite obviously revolved around the fact that I had a brilliant record11. that another youngster had been turned against the police.四、作业1、教材练习: 课后练

43、习ExIII Vocabulary Activities; ExV Usage ; ExVI Structure; ExVII Close的第一篇；Ex IX Translation­说明: 在书面作业中, 翻译为必做, 其他内容可适当根据学生情况进行调整, 但是一定要围绕本单元教学重点布置, 而且要达到作业要求。2、补充练习（翻译题不做补充，要求完成教材练习即可）3、写作Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter to the U

44、niversity President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:假如你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。建议短语、句型：(1) I am writing this letter to inform you of (2) be

45、 (not) content with(3) complain about(4) (not) the same as we desire(5) We will be very glad if you can take our suggestions into consideration.范文：A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on CampusJanuary 12th, 2010Dear Mr. President,I'm a student in our university. I am wr

46、iting this letter to inform you of the canteen service on our campus.Generally speaking, we are not content with the canteen service in our university. The reasons are as follows:First, although quality of the dishes is not bad, yet, most of the dishes remain unchanged all the year round. More and m

47、ore students are complaining about eating the same food every day. So I think variety of the food is the most urgent problem that should be solved.Second, the environment is not the same as we desire. Many students always talk so loudly that we can't enjoy our meals. So I suggest that there be s

48、ome slogans on the wall to remind them to be quiet, and some soft background music to help us relax.By the way the canteen workers are very patient in providing us with the service. So I think they should be given more incentive to offer us better service in the future.The above mentioned are not ju

49、st what I think, but the idea of many of my classmates'. We will be very glad if you can take our suggestions into consideration.Yours SincerelyLi MingUnit 1 补充练习Vocabulary and Structure 1. No one imagined that the apparently businessmen was really a criminal. A. respectiveB. respectableC. respe

50、ctfulD. realistic2. He is in making decisions- he never seeks others' opinions. A. arbitraryB. considerateC. aggressiveD. ambitious3. The problem will be discussed at length in chapters. A. lateB. consequentC. finalD. subsequent4. He escaped from prison but was recaptured. A. suddenlyB. subseque

51、ntlyC. occasionallyD. successively5. Outside of class, the student continues to use the personal model because it has always worked well that circumstance. A. inB. withC. onD. for6. The best students are special scholarship. A. presentedB. rewardedC. awardedD. prized7. The findings that issues of tr

52、ust and betrayal are central to friendship. A. confirmB. resolveC. assureD. secure8. The last half of the nineteenth century the steady improvement in the means of travel. A. has witnessedB.was witnessedC. witnessedD. is witnessed9. Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to,

53、the color of his skin. A. with the exception B. in the light ofC. by virtue of D. regardless of10. Many plants and animals can a substance to absorb harmful chemicals. A. relieveB. releaseC. dismissD. discard11. equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either o

54、n account of race or geographical location. A. ProvidedB. ConcerningC. GivenD. Following12. A well-written composition good choice of words and clear organization and many other things. A. calls onB. calls forC. calls upD. calls off13. To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his

55、 honesty _ to be a corrupt official. A. turned B. turned outC. turned againstD. turned around14. From her I guess shes from the Northeast. A. accent B. languageC. dialectD. tone15. Wilfreds remarks me in my opinion that he was an honorable young man. A. sureB. confirmedC. informedD. formed16. Having

56、 practiced for so long, the New York baseball team of winning the World Series this year. A. is sure B. is certainC. stands a chance D. stood chances17. Traffic was for several hours by the accident. A. held upB. held C. held onD. held with18. I was not due to go to university until the following October. Which of the following can best explain the underlined word? A. supposed B. expected to happenC. scheduled to arrive D. to be paid or returned19. The magistrate the case after 15 minutes for lac