英语专题汇编阅读理解(一)含解析

1、英语专题汇编阅读理解（ 一 ） 含解析一、高中英语阅读理解1 阅读理解Coral reefs （珊瑚礁） are an integral part of sea life and sustain it by providing shelter andhabitat to various organisms. They also supply and recycle nutrients as well as enable a growing fish population, along with other species, for a healthy and diverse ecosystem

2、. However, the rise in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and longtime coral bleaching （白化现象） events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species toabandon them.In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the UK and Austral

3、ia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near damaged coral reefs to make them sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick-starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life forms. The location for this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in

4、the Coral Sea, found alongside the east coast of Queensland, Australia. The site is noted to have the largest coral reef system in the world."Healthy coral reefs are remarkably noisy places-the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish. Young fish concentrate on these sounds

5、when they're looking for a place to settle," said Steve Simpson, study co-author and a professor at the University of Exeter, UK.By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of dead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played. &qu

6、ot;These returning fish, are crucial for coral reefs to function as healthy ecosystems. Boosting fish populations in this way could help to kick-start natural recovery processes, preventing the damage we're seeing on many coral reefs around the world," said lead author, Tim Gordon.（ 1 ） Wha

7、t causes the phenomenon of coral bleaching?A.Diverse species.B.Noise pollution.C.Fishing industry.D.Climbing temperatures.（ 2） What approach is introduced to recover the coral reefs?A.Removing damaged coral reefs.B.Using loudspeakers to keep fish away.C.Building new homes for sea species.D.Playing c

8、ertain sounds to appeal to fish.（ 3） Why are Steve Simpson's words quoted?A.To provide some findings of the study.B.To show the progress of the experiment.C.To explain reasons for the new approach.D.To give another solution to the problem.（ 4） What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The atte

9、mpts are in vain.B.Natural recovery is impossible.C.Initial success has been achieved.D.The coral reefs have returned to normal.【答案】（ 1 ） D（ 2） D（ 3） C（ 4） C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由于气候变化导致的平均水温上升导致了更频繁、更长期的珊瑚白化事件，而为了恢复这一脆弱的生态系统，科学家们在受损的珊瑚礁附近使用水下扩音器，让珊瑚听起来更健康，从而能够吸引鱼类。作者解释了采用这一方法的 原因以及这一新方法获得了初步成功。（ 1）考查细节

10、理解。根据第一段中的“ However,the rise in average water temperatures dueto climate change has resulted in more frequent and longtime u coral bleaching events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to abandon them. 然而，由于气候变化”导致的平均水温上升导致了更频繁、更长期的珊瑚白化事件，损害了它们的健康，导致鱼类和其他海洋物种抛弃它们，可知，气温攀升是导致珊瑚

11、白化现象的原因。故选D。（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ Inorder to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientistsfrom the UK and Australia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near damaged coral reefs to make them sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick-starting the natural recovery process o

12、f coral reefs and their dependent life forms. 为了恢复这一脆弱的生”态系统，来自英国和澳大利亚的科学家们进行了一项研究，他们在受损的珊瑚礁附近使用水下扩音器，让它们听起来更健康，吸引鱼类，这可能会启动珊瑚礁的自然恢复过程及其依赖的生命形式，可知，应当采用播放某些声音来吸引鱼的方法来恢复珊瑚礁。故选D。（ 3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“ Healthycoral reefs are remarkab ly noisy places-the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts

13、 of fish. 健康的珊瑚礁是非常吵杂的”地方 虾的噼啪声和鱼的呼噜呼噜声，可知，引用Steve Simpson 的话是为了解释采用这一新方法的原因。故选C。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts ofdead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played. 通过使用扩音器来模仿这些声音，人们发现部分死去的珊瑚礁比没有声音的地 ”方能吸引

14、两倍多的鱼，可推知这一新方法初步取得了成功。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2 阅读理解I'm not much of a gardener. I love having beautiful flowers-but I don't have a good track record when it comes to making them grow.A few months after our son left for the Middle East, my fr

15、iend gifted me a box of tulip bulbs （ 郁 金香球茎）. She explained that these bulbs were put into the ground in the fall and lay sleeping all winter. They had all the nutrients they needed inside the bulb and would come out in the spring. ''When you see the leaves of the tiny flowers pushing towar

16、d the sun, you'll know that it's almost time for your son to come home. They'll give you what you need most.'' She walked me through the process of planting them. I thanked her trying to show my gratitude for her gift.It was a long winter cold and dark. I endured both the weather

17、 and the loneliness and fear I felt with my son away. Dead leaves, frost and finally a heavy snow covered the area where I'd planted those flowers, and I soon forgot they were there.Finally the weather began to warm. One day, as I walked down my front steps, I noticed an area of green. I bent do

18、wn to inspect the situation more clearly and saw that those tulips had begun to grow, their tiny leaves forcing their way to the sun.Day after day I noted the flowers' progress. And day after day, the time approached when my son would finally be home. Now with spring just around the corner, noth

19、ing could keep either of us from marching toward the light. Almost all of those bulbs bloomed. And with each brightly colored flower, I marked off one day closer to getting to hold my son in my arms again.（ 1 ） What can we know about the author?A.She is a professional gardener.B.She is not good at g

20、rowing flowers.C.She never plants flowers at home.D.She often sends friends flowers as gifts.（ 2） Why did the writer forget the tulip bulbs soon?A.The bitter winter reminded her of her son far away.B.She was discouraged from making another attempt.C.They failed to live through the cold and long wint

21、er.D.She had no hope for beautiful flowers indeed.（ 3） What were those flowers mentioned in the last paragraph referred to?A.A physical representation of the hope.B.Things deep inside her heart and soul.C.A lesson she will never forget completely.D.The trouble she had in making them come out.（ 4） Wh

22、at can be a suitable title for the text?A.A dark winter with hope.B.Planting hope in winter.C.An area of green in spring.D.Living a changeable life.【答案】（ 1 ） B（ 2） D（ 3） A（ 4） B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者的儿子去了中东，作者感到孤独和寂寞。一位朋友送来了一盒郁金香球茎，这种花的种植，给作者带来了希望。（ 1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ I'mnot much of a gardener. I lo

23、ve having beautiful flowers- but I don't have a good track record when it comes to making them grow. 我不是个好园 丁，我喜欢漂亮的花，但我在种植方面没有良好的记录，可知，作者虽然喜欢花，但不擅长种花。故选B。(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Iwas a long winter cold and dark Ded leaves,frost and finally a heavy snow covered the area where I'd planted thos

24、e flowers, and I soon forgot they were there.那是一个漫长的冬天又冷又黑枯叶、霜和最后那场雪覆盖了我种那些花的地方，我很快救忘记了它们的存在，可知，冬天很冷、很长，故推测作者忘记它们 是因为觉得它们熬不过这个冬天，即没对它们抱有希望。故选 Do3 3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Day aer day I noted the flowers' progress. And dayafter day, the time approached when my son would finally be home.我日复日的关注这花的成长

25、。一天又一天我的儿子终于要回家了 ；以及 "Andwith each brightly colored flower, I marked off one day closer to getting to hold my son in my arms again.”每开朵色彩鲜艳的花，都标志着我离再次把儿子抱在怀里的日子又近了一天，可知，每开一朵花就代表作者 儿子的归来近了一天，即花就是儿子回来的希望。故选Ao(4)考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的"Sheexplained that these bulbs were put into theground in the fall

26、and lay sleeping all winter. They had all the nutrients they needed inside the bulb and would come out in the spring. ''When you see the leaves of the tiny flowers pushing toward the sun, you'll know that it's almost time for your son to come home. 她说这些有 B金香 球茎秋天种下，整个冬天都在土里。它们的球茎内有生长

27、所需的营养物质，到了春天的就 会从土里出来。当你看到这些小花的叶子朝着太阳的方向生长时，你就知道你的儿子差不 多该回家了，可知，本文主要讲述了冬天种下的郁金香球茎在春天会长出来，这也意味着作者的儿子快要回来，即花代表着作者儿子回来的希望。B故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需 要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答 案。3 .阅读理解In 2015, a man named Nigel Richards memorized 386, 000 words in the entire French Scrabb

28、le Dictionary in just nine weeks. However, he does not speak French. Richards' impressive feat is a useful example to show how artificial intelligence worksreal AI. Both of Richard and AI take inmassive amounts of data to achieve goals with unlimited memory and superman accuracy in a certain fie

29、ld.The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting. Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks provided the task is in one field with a lot of datait is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.But not every job wi

30、ll be replaced by AI. In fact four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobs executives, diplomats, economists -go well beyond the AI

31、 limitation of single-field and Big Data. Then there are the as-yet- unknown jobs that will be created by AI.Are you worried that these three types of jobs won't employ as many people as AI will replace?Not to worry, as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teac

32、hers, nannies and doctors. These jobs require compassion, trust and sympathywhich AI does not have. And even if AI tried to fake it, nobody would want a robot telling them they have cancer, or a robot to babysit their children.So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retrai

33、ning the workforce so people can do them. This must be the responsibility not just of the government, which can provide funds, but also of corporations and those who benefit most.11) What is the main purpose of paragraph 1?A. To introduce the topic.B. To mention Nigel's feat.C. To stress the imp

34、ortance of good memory.D. To suggest humans go beyond AI in memory.(2) Which of the following best explains "outperform" underlined in paragraph 2?A. Be superior toB. Be inferior toC. Be similar toD. Be related to(3) Which of the following jobs is the most likely to be replaced?A. The writ

35、er. B. The shop assistant. C. The babysitter. D. The psychologist. (4) Which of the following suggestions can the author give about job replacement of AI?A. Limit the application of AI to a certain degree.B. Get more support from the government.C. Apply for the donation from companies.D. Upgrade peo

36、ple's professional skills all the time.【答案】(1) AA(3) B(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人工智能有取代人类工作的潜力，但是，并非所有工作都会被人工智能取代，有四种类型的工作完全没有风险。因此，在人工智能时代人类仍然会有工作，关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训，这样人们才能从事这些工作。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段可知一个名叫奈杰尔理查兹(Nigel Richards)的人在短短九周内记住了法国拼字游戏词典中的 386,000个单词。但是，他不会说法语。其展示 了人工智能是如何工作的。而后文主要与人工智能有关，由此推断作者写第一

37、段的目的是引出人工智能这个话题。故选 A。(2)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasksprovided the task is in one field with a lot of data 可知 AI 可以在日常任务中outperform 人类(前提是该任务在一个涉及到大量数据的领域中；以及 aitis technically capable of replaci ng hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next

38、 15 years or so.可知从技术上讲 ，人工智能具有在未来大约15年里取代成千上万的白领和蓝领工作的能力。结合下文推断人工智能能够具有取代人类的工作是因为AI在日常任务中表现超过了人类，划线词的意思是“胜过,超过"，故选Ao(3)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的 "First,there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can. 可知四种类型的工作”完全没有风险。首先，

39、有创造性的工作。人工智能不可能像科学家，小说家和艺术家那样进行发明创造。也就是作家和科学家不会被取代。排除 A;再根据第四段中的“as the fourth typeis much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors. 可知需 要情感白工作，例如老师，保姆和医生也不大可能被取代，因此排除C和Do故选Bo(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Sohere will still be jobs in the age of AI. The keythen must be

40、retraining the workforce so people can do them. 可知作者认为在“ AI 时代仍然会 有工作，关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训，这样人们才能从事这些工作。进行培训是为了得到 专业技能，由此推断作者会给出一直提升人们的专业技能的建议，故选Do【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅 读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4.阅读理解The Women's Institute is urging supermarkets to do more to help consumer

41、s reduce their home food waste, after a survey of its own membership showed widespread confusion about “best before " and " use by 标签a belipackaging.Its new analysis of products on supermarket shelves found that “ onceopened " instructions were often contradictory and often failed to

42、make clear whether they were a guide to food safety or quality. Only 45% of 5,000 WI members surveyed understood that best-before dates were a sign of food quality, while 26% did not understand that the more important use-by dates were a decisive guide to food safety.In its repo rt on food waste, th

43、e WI said supermarkets were“ potentially contributing to homefood waste by leading customers to buy more food than they need, and giving conflicting and confusing on-pack information that leaves customers unsure about how long a product remains safe to eat in the home setting The 42-page report is p

44、art of the WI's ongoing campaign to reduce food waste. To underline the point about conflicting information, it cites( 弓 I用)a can of Sainsbury's own-brand sweetcorn advising consumers to eat it within one day of opening, while a similar tin from Waitrose gave consumers two days to finish it.

45、 Green Giant sweetcorn, however, has no specified date for eating once opened.Marylyn Haines Evans, chair of the Women's Institute's public affairs sa id: " WI members are some of the more informed members of society about food and cookery, but they are still confused about food labelli

46、ng and 'once-opened' information. So we would like supermarkets to extend the amount of time that consumers have to use a product in their homes by making all of their once-opened instructions on product packaging consistent, and completely remove once- opened instructions on products where

47、food safety is not an issue.”11) What mainly leads to food waste according to WI?A. Poor quality of food.B. Attractive packaging of products.C. Competition among supermarkets. ”D. Consumers' confusion about on-pack information.(2) Which of the following can inform you of food safety?SELL BY08 02

48、 1；1132 21-041A.USE BY25 JUL 加 7C.BESTBEFORE10 JUNSIST4 f. Ul*plHtB.DISPLAY UNTILD 08 06 17BESTBEFORED. h(3) Why are the three supermarkets mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. To attract more consumers.B. To compare their products.C. To comment on their service.D. To make WI's report convincing.(4) What

49、 does Evans suggest supermarkets do about reducing food waste?A. Extend life of a product.B. Turn to well-informed WI members.C. Give consistent once-opened instructions. D. Remove instructions on product packaging.【答案】(1) DC(3) D(4) C【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了妇女机构强烈建议超市采取帮助消费者减少食物浪费的 措施，比如延长消费者在家中使用产品的时间，使他们所

50、有曾经打开的关于产品包装的说 明一致。(1)细节理解题。根据第二段 "Only 45% of 5,000 WI members surveyed understood that best-before dates were a sign of food quality, while 26% did not understand that the more important use-by dates were a decisive guide to food safety." 可知，消费者对于食品包装上信 息的混淆是导致食物浪费的原因。故选Do(2)细节理解题。根据第二段

51、"while 26% did not understand that the more important use-by dates were a decisive guide to food safety."可知，use by信息才是食品安全的决定性指导因 素。故选Co(3)细节理解题。根据第三段 "To underline the point about conflicting information, it cites( 弓I 用)a can of Sainsbury's own-brand sweetcorn" 可知，引用超市的例子是为了

52、更好的说明这一 问题，即使文章更具说服力。故选Do(4)细节理解题。根据最后一段 "we would like supermarkets to extend the amount of timethat consumers have to use a product in their homes by making all of their once-opened instructions on product packaging consistent,"可知，为了减少食物浪费，超市可通过使包装 带上的信息一致来达到这一目的。故选C。5.阅读理解If you're

53、a book lover, you have a pile of books on your bedside , or a bookshelf in your library with a “to read " signeoyou can't stop yourself from adding to the pile . This can lead to feelings of guilt over your new purchases . But I'm here to tell you to stop worrying .What you have is an a

54、ntilibrary , and it's a very good thing . The term comes from writer Umberto Eco. He is the owner of a large personal library . He separates visitors into two groups: those who react with " Wow! What a library you have! How many of these books have you read? ” and the others who get the poi

55、nt that a private library is not something to show off but a research too1 . Read books are far less valuable than unread ones . Indeed, the more you know , the larger the rows of unread books . Let us call this collection an antilibrary .If you think you already know everything about a subject , yo

56、u're cutting yourself off from a stream of information at an artificial point. So a growing library of books you haven't read means you're consistently curious about the unknown . And that attitude is a great foundation for a lifelong love of 1earning .So don't feel guilt over your u

57、nread books . Those books will be there for you when you do want them , and as you build your library of read and unread books , you can start using it as you would use a bigger library . Certain books may become references more than read- throughs . Or you may find that a book you bought five years

58、 ago has special relevance today . Letting the role of books evolve in your life is a healthy sign of curiosity . That's good for you and good for the world around you .(1) What does the underlined word“antilibrary" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Feelings of guilt over new books .B. A pile of b

59、ooks on the bookshelf .C. The collection of unread books .D. A large personal library.(2) According to the author , more unread books mean .A. your wrong lifelong learning attitudeB. you limit yourself from the unknownC. your have no interest in the new world D. your strong desire about new information(3) What's the author's attitude towards having an antilibrary?A. Favora