会计专业英文文献

1、The Optimization Method of Financial Statements Based onAccounting Management TheoryABSTRACTThis paper develops an approach to enhance the reliability and usefulness of financial statements.International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) was fundamentally flawed by fair value accounting andasset-

2、impairment accounting. According to legal theory and accounting theory, accounting data must have legalevidence as its source document. The conventional “ mixedattribute a&ounting system should be rplaced by a segregated ” system with historical cost and fair value being kept strictly apart in f

3、inancial statements.The proposed optimizing method will significantly enhance the reliability and usefulness of financialstatements.INTRODUCTIONBased on international-accounting-convergence approach, the Ministry of Finance issued the EnterpriseAccounting Standards in 2006 taking the International F

4、inancial Reporting Standards (hereinafter referred toas “thdnternational Standards f()r reference. The Enterprise Accounting Standards carries out fair valueaccounting successfully, and spreads the sense that accounting should reflect market value objectively. Theobjective of accounting reformation

5、following-up is to establish the accounting theory and methodology whichnot only use international advanced theory for reference, but also accord with the needs of Chinas socialistmarket economy construction. On the basis of a thorough evaluation of the achievements and limitations ofInternational S

6、tandards, this paper puts forward a stand that to deepen accounting reformation and enhance thestability of accounting regulations.II. OPTIMIZATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SYSTEM: PARALLELING LISTING OF LEGAL FACTS AND FINANCIAL EXPECTATIONAs an important management activity, accounting should make

7、use of information systems based on classifiedstatistics, and serve for both micro-economic management and macro-economic regulation at the same time.Optimization of financial statements system should try to take all aspects of the demands of the financialstatements in both macro and micro level int

8、o account.Why do companies need to prepare financial statements? Whose demands should be considered while preparingfinancial statements? Those questions are basic issues we should consider on the optimization of financialstatements. From the perspective of public interests, reliability and legal evi

9、dence are required asqualitative characters, which is the origin of the traditional historical cost accounting. From the perspectiveof private interest, security investors and financial regulatory authorities hope that financial statementsreflect changes of market prices timely recording objective m

10、arket conditions. This is the origin of fairvalue accounting. Whether one set of financial statements can be compatible with these two different viewsand balance the public interest and private interest? To solve this problem, we design a new balance sheet andan income statement.From 1992 to 2006, a

11、 lot of new ideas and new perspectives are introduced into Chinas accounting practicesfrom international accounting standards in a gradual manner during the accounting reform in China. These ideasand perspectives enriched the understanding of the financial statements in China. These achievements des

12、erveour full assessment and should be fully affirmed. However, academia and standard-setters are also aware thatInternational Standards are still in the process of developing .The purpose of proposing new formats of financialstatementsin this paper is to push forward the accounting reform into a dee

13、per level on the basis of internationalconvergence.III.THE PRACTICABILITY OF IMPROVING THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SYSTEMWhether the financial statements are able to maintain their stability? It is necessary to mobilize theinitiatives of both supply-side and demand-side at the same time. We should cons

14、ider whether financial statementscould meet the demands of the macro-economic regulation and business administration, and whether they are popularwith millions of accountants. Accountants are responsible for preparing financial statements and auditors areresponsible for auditing. They will benefit f

15、rom the implementation of the new financial statements.Firstly, for the accountants, under the isolated design of historical cost accounting and fair valueaccounting, their daily accounting practice is greatly simplified. Accounting process will not need assetsimpairment and fair value any longer. A

16、ccounting books will not record impairment and appreciation of assetsany longer, for the historical cost accounting is comprehensively implemented. Fair value information will berecorded in accordance with assessment only at the balance sheet date and only in the annual financial statements.Historic

17、al cost accounting is more likely to be recognized by the tax authorities, which saves heavy workloadof the tax adjustment. Accountants will not need to calculate the deferred income tax expense any longer, andthe profit-after-tax in the solid line table is acknowledged by the Company Law, which sol

18、ves the problem ofdetermining the profit available for distribution. Accountants do not need to record the fair value informationneeded by security investors in the accounting books; instead, they only need to list the fair value informationat the balance sheet date. In addition, since the data in t

19、he solid line table has legal credibility, so thelegal risks of accountants can be well controlled.Secondly, the arbitrariness of the accounting process will be reduced, and the auditors review processwill be greatly simplified. The independent auditors will not have to bear the considerable legal r

20、isk for thedotted-line table they audit, because the risk of fair value information has been prompted as not supportedby legal evidences. Accountants and auditors can quickly adapt to this financial statements system, withoutthe need of training. In this way, they can save a lot of time to help comp

21、anies to improve management efficiency.Surveys show that the above design of financial statements is popular with accountants and auditors. Since theworkloads of accounting and auditing have been substantially reduced, therefore, the total expenses for auditingand evaluation will not exceed current

22、level as well.In short, from the perspectives of both supply-side and demand-side, the improved financial statementsareexpected to enhance the usefulness of financial statements, without increase the burden of the supply-side.IV. CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONSThe current rule of mixed presen

23、tation of fair value data and historical cost data could be improved. Thecore concept of fair value is to make financial statements reflect the fair value of assets and liabilities,so that we can subtract the fair value of liabilities from assets to obtain the net fair value.However, the current Int

24、ernational Standards do not implement this concept, but try to partly transform thehistorical cost accounting, which leads to mixed using of impairment accounting and fair value accounting.Chinas accounting academic research has followed up step by step since 1980s, and now has already introduceda m

25、ixed-attributes model into corporate financial statements.By distinguishing legal facts from financial expectations, we can balance public interests and privateinterests and can redesign the financial statements system with enhancing management efficiency and implementinghigher-level laws as main ob

26、jective. By presenting fair value and historical cost in one set of financialstatements at the same time, the statements will not only meet the needs of keeping books according to domesticlaws, but also meet the demand from financial regulatory authorities and security investorsWe hope that practiti

27、oners and theorists offer advices and suggestions on the problem of improving thefinancial statements to build a financial statements system which not only meets the domestic needs, but alsoconverges with the International Standards.基于会计管理理论的财务报表的优化方法摘要本文提供了一个方法，以提高财务报表的可靠性和实用性。国际财务报告准 则（IFRS）的根本缺陷是

28、公平价值核算和资产减值核算。 根据法律理论和会计理 论，会计数据必须具有作为其源文件的法律证据。传统的“混合届性的”会计制 度应改为一个“独立”的历史成本和公允价值被严格分开的财务报表系统。 本文 建议的优化方法将大大提高财务报表的可靠性和实用性。一、引言根据国际会计衔接办法，财政部发布2006年企业会计标准的情况，以供参 考国际财务报告准则（以下简称国际标准）。在企业会计准则公平价值核 算成功扩展的意义上，会计核算应当客观地反映市场价值。 会计改革的目标是建 立会计后续的理论与方法，使用国际先进理论的借鉴不仅是必要的，也符合我国 社会主义市场经济建设的需要。在已获得的成果和国际标准的局限性进

29、行全面评 估的基础上，提出了一种立场，以深化会计改革和加强会计法规的稳定性。二、优化系统的财务报表：法律事实与财务展望并联上市作为一种重要的管理活动，会计上应根据分类统计信息系统的使用，全心全 意为微观经济管理，并在同一时间宏观调控。财务报表的系统优化应尽量使自己 考虑宏观和微观层面的财务报表的要求的所有方面。为什么企业需要编制财务报表？谁的要求应该考虑编制在财务报表内？这些 问题是基本问题，我们应该考虑对财务报表的优化。从法律的角度考察“公共利 益”、可靠性和法定证据中需要定性的特点，是传统的“历史成本会计”的由来。 从“私人利益”来看，证券投资者和金融监管当局希望财务报表反映市场价格， 及

30、时记录“客观”的市场条件的变化。这是“公平价值会计”的由来。一套财务 报表是否能够匹配这两种不同的观点和平衡公共利益与私人利益？为了解决这个问题，我们设计了一个新的资产负债表和损益表。从1992年到2006年,大量的新思路、新观点被引进到中国的会计实践,国际 会计准则在中国的会计改革中渐变。这些思想和观点丰富了对中国的财务报表的 理解。这些成就值得我们充分评估，并应予以充分肯定。然而，学术界和标准制 定者也知道，国际标准仍然在发展中。文中提出的财务报表会计改革新格式的目 的，是推进到一个关丁国际趋同的更深层次的基础上。三、提高系统财务报表的实用性财务报表是否能够保持其稳定性呢？在同一时间要动员供应方和需求方的积 极性。我们应该考虑是否能满足财务报表的宏观经济调控和企业管理的要求，并且是否受数以白万计的会计师的欢迎。会计师负责编制财务报表，审核员负责审 核工作。他们将受益丁新的财务