初中英语知识点超全整理,初一到初三(含语法重难点100单选及答案)

1、初中英语知识点超全整理，初一到初三一、初中英语语法归纳本文归纳了词法、八种基本时态以及三大基本从句，是历年中考英语必考语法点。(一)词法1.名词(1)名词的可数与不可数可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目，来统计，都成为 不可数名词。不可数名词前一月不能用冠词a、an来表示数量，没有复数形式。要表示“一个”这一概念，就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在 英语里去口不可数。如： chalk , paper , bread , rice , grass ,

2、news 等。(2)名词复数的规则变化A.一般情况下加-s。B.以s, x, ch, sh,结尾的加-esC.以辅音字母加y结尾白改y为i再加-esD.以f, fe结尾的，去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es(3)名词的所有格A.单数名词词尾加s,复数名词词尾若没有 s,也要加s。如：the worker's bike , the Children 's ballB.表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加s若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后So如： This is Lucy and Licy ' s room.These are Kate's and jac

3、k ' s rooms.C.如果是通过在词尾加一s构成的复数形式的名词，只加。如：the students ' books , the girls ' blouses(另外：名词+of+名词名词是有生命的，我们就用's结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。)2.代词人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，不定代词(1)人称代词第一人称单数I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself复数

4、you you your yours yourselves第三人称单数 he him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its its itself复数 they them their theirs themselves(2)物主代词物主代词的用法：形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词；名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。(3)反身代词反身代词的构成分两种：第一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self或selves ,第三人称反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.反身代词的用法：一种是作宾语，由主语发出的动作又回到动作

5、者本身。如：I enjoyedmyself at the party.另一种是作名词或代词的同位语；用来加强语气。如：I can do itmyself.(4)指示代词指示代词的特殊用法：(1)为了避免重复，可用that , those代替前面提到过的名词，但是this , these不可以。(2)this , that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。(5)不定代词one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等3.冠词(1)不定冠词an用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前，其余用不定冠词 a. (2)定冠词的基本用法A

6、.用在重新提到的人或事物前面。B.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。C.用在单数可数名词前面，表示某一类人或事物。(3)定冠词的特殊用法A.用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。B.用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。C.用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。D.用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。E.用在姓氏的复数形式前面，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。F.用在乐器名称前。G.和某些形容词连用，表示某一类人或事物。(4)名词前不用冠词的情况A.在专有名词(包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节)、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词。但在以Festival组成的民间节日

7、前要加the。B.表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。C.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。D.三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。正在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。(sit) at table 就餐；sit at the table 坐在桌边go to school 去上学；go to the school去刃B所学校;in hospital 住院;in the hospital在那个医院里4.数词三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and1, 000以上的数字，从后向前第三位数加一个“，”，第一个前为thousand ,第二个“，”前加川io

8、n ,第三个“，”前为billion。(2)序数词除了 first , second , third外，其余都在基数词尾加-th构成。(3)分数分子在前，分母在后，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1小时，分母序数词要变成复数。4 4) hundreds(thousands , millions)of 5 .形容词、副词(1)形容词的位置A.形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面，但当形容词修饰不定代词something ,nothing , anything 时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。如： something important ,nothing serious 。B.当形容词带有表示度量的

9、词或词组作定语或表语时，定语或表语要后置。如：We have dug a hole two meters deep.The hole is about two metres deep.(2)形容词的比较等级单音节词和少数双音节词，在词尾加一(e)r, 一 (e)st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more , most来构成比较级和最高级。如：popularmore popularmost popularimportant more important most important(3)副词的比较等级单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er, -est来构成比较级和最高级。

10、绝大多数副词借助more , most来构成比较级和最高级。(4)少数形容词和副词比较级/最高级的不规则变化:(5)副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the。原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfarthestfurthestlatelaterlatest6.介词(1)表示时间的介词及介词短语in, at, on, before , after , till , sincefor, fromto, until , byin the middle of ,at the be

11、ginning of , at the end ofat half past five , at night,in a week , in themorning , in class , at sunrise , in spring/summer/autumn/winter,on Sunday ,on Saturday afternoon , on a winter evening , for a long time,for two months ,after school , since liberation , before lunch , at the time ofat the age

12、 of(2)表示地点的介词及介词短语in , at , into , to , on , beside , before , behind , above , under , outside,inside,up,from,far,from,near,across , off , down , among , past , between , out of , around , in the front of , in the middle of ,at the back of ,at the foot of , at home , at the gate , at the table , in

13、 the sky ,on the ground,in a tree , in the south , in the sun , in the bed , on one 's way home , by the side of二.八种基本时态1 . 一般现在时概念：表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day等表时间的状语连用。如：1） I go to school every day .我每天都去学校。（表经常）2） He is always like that .他总是那样。（表状态）构成：

14、1）主语 + be （am / are / is ） +2）主语+实义动词/三单动词+2 . 一般过去时概念：1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常和表示过去的时间状语连用.如：yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago如:I went to a movie yesterday.我昨天去看了场电影 .2）也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作.如:He always went to work by bike last week.构成：1) 主语 + be (was / were ) +2)主语+实义动词过去式 +3 .现在进行时概念：表示现在

15、(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作.如：He is singing.They are watching TV now.构成：主语+助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成.4 .过去进行时概念：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作.这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外，一般用时间X语来表示.如：1) -What were you doing?一I was jumping.2) -What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?-He was sleeping.构成：主语+助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成.5

16、. 一般将来时概念：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等.如：He will go shopping tomorrow.They are going to play basketball next week.构成：1)主语+助动词will + 动原+2) 主语 + be going to +动原+6 .过去将来时概念：表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态构成：1)主语(第一人称)+助动词should + 动原+2)主语 +

17、would + 动原 + .3) 主语 + was/ were going to +动原一用法：过去将来时除了上下文暗示外，一般常用在间接引语中，主句谓语动词为过去时态.如：1) I should go.2) You knew I would come.3) They were going to Naning.7 .现在完成时构成：主语+助动词(have / has ) + 动词过去分词 +用法例句表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.-Have you had yourlunch yet?-Yes, I have.(现在我不饿了)8 .过去完成时构成：主语+助动词had + 动

18、词过去分词 +用法例句表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作.它表示的动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”.表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语，也可用 when,before,等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示.I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.三.三大基本从句从句的共同特点从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子，充当什么成分就叫什么从句，如：充当宾语就叫宾语从句，充当定语成分就叫定语从句。从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点：从句是句子。从句的共同特点：1.从句都有自己的连接词2.从

19、句都是陈述语序(陈述语序就是主语在前，谓语在后，如：He is a teacher主语He在谓语is之前，因此是陈述语序，而 Is he a teacher? 主语He在谓语is之后，因此不是陈述语序。)1 .宾语从句宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如：He said that he wanted to be ateacher when he grew up.宾语从句的特点：宾语从句有自己的连接词宾语从句用陈述语序宾语从句的时态(1)宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。(2)宾语从句的语序：A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序（主语在前

20、，谓语在后），如：I want to know if he can come tomorrowB.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词，如：She asked me whohad helped him.（3）宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了 “主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真 理一般现”A.主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选 一种，如：1.He tells me he likes English very much（一般现在时）B.主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时

21、态分别是如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过 去完成时。如：He told me that he liked playing football（一般过去时）C.客观真理一般现：客观真理永远用一般现在时。如：1.He says the moon goes around the earth.2 .状语从句（1）时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。时间状语的连接词：when（当时候）while（当时候）as（当时候）after（在以后）before（在一以前）as soon as（ 一就）since（自从到现在）till /until（ 直到才）by the time（到为止）依旧是连

22、接词后加陈述语序。举区when当的时候（一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。）Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(2)原因状语从句：在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。连接词：由连词 because, since, as 引导，也可由for, now that 等词引导。举区J: I didn t go to school yesterday because I was ill.(3)条件状语从句：在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。连接词：if如果，unless (=if not) 除非。(让步)举例q:If i

23、t doesn 't rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.(4)目的、结果状语从句目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子目的状语从句连接词 so that, so that , in order that 引导。结果状语从句连接词 so - that, suchthat, so much/many -that引导。举区J: so - that如此一以至于The scientist 's report was so instructive that we were all very excite

24、d.(5)让步状语从句让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子连接词： though, although. , whether - or not举区J: Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.3 .no matter 从句结构：'no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序或特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序 如： No matter what happened, he would not mind.注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句3.定语从句定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。如：I will give my

25、 teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.（中 beautiful 就是定语）定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后如：I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.定语从句的连接词：连接代词： who、which、whom、whose、that连接副词： when、where、why二、初中英语语法重难点100单选案例1. Where Uncle Sun yesterday?A. was B. were C. did D. does2. They going to see Mr.

26、Sun tomorrow.A. is B. are C. am D. be3. Some arein the river and some aregames.A. swiming, playingB. swimming, playingC. swimming, playingD. swimming, playing4. Where is Dick? He to the reading-room.A. has been B. went C. has gone D. goes5. Mark Twain, an American writer, everybody here.A. knows B.

27、is known as C. is known to D. is known for6. I hope he will come to see me before he here.A. leave B. leaves C. will leave D. left7. My teacher told me that Australians English.A. spokeB.speakC. speaks D. are speaking8. I think she right now.A. reading B. reads C. is reading D. read9. - Where are th

28、e children?They a good time in the garden.A. are having B. have C. have had D. had10. Where my glasses? I can' t find them.A. you put, put-Ithem on the bookshelf, but they aren' t there.B. you have put, have putC. have you put, putD. did you put, have put11. When the police arrived, the man

29、for 10 minutes.A. died B. was death C. had died D. had been dead12. By the time this talk is over, we a lot about the earth.A. will be learning B. are learningC. world learnD. will have learnt13. The teachers told me that they me to smooth away the difficulties.A. helped B. will help C. help D. were

30、 going to help14. -Have you seen him today?-Yes, Ihim this morning.A. has seen B. see C. will see D. saw15. He worried when he heard this news.A. is B. was C. does D. did16. What ' s your friend going next week.A. doing B. do C. does D. to do17. I don ' t think that it ' s true. He '

31、 s always strange stories.A. tellB. tellingC. toldD. tells18. Have you ever West Hill Farm?A. gone to B. arrived C. come to D. been to19. How longhe the novel?A. has, borrowed B. has, keptC. has, lent D. is, using20. He to do this lessons at eight every evening.A. is begining B. is beginning C. begi

32、n D. begins21. The children a swim this afternoon.A. are going to hasB. is going to haveC. are havingD. are going to have22. There a telephone call for my brother Steven yesterday.A. is B. are C. was D. were23. he on well with his friends this term?A. Does, gets B. Does, getC. Is, getting D. Is, get

33、ing24. Who away my pen? I can' t find it.A. haven taken B. takes C. has taken D. took25. Shall wefootball this Saturday?A. play B. playing C. plays D. to play26. The children at school now.A. is B. are C. was D. were27. Mr. Smithshort stories, but hea TV play these days.A. is writing, is writing

34、B. is writing, writesC. writes, is writingD. writes, writes28. He said hethe league for two years.A. has joinedB. has been in C. had been in D. joined29. She likes watering trees in the garden, she?A. doesn ' t B. don ' t C. isn ' t D. didn ' t30. What you to do to keep the room clea

35、n?A. do, have B. does, have C. did, have D. are, have31. Some flowers by Kate already.A. have been watered B. watered C. have watered D. has been watered32. When winter comes, the leaves fall.A. are going to B. will C. will be D. would33. Ito the cinema. Ithere every Sunday.A. go, goB. am going, goC

36、. go, am goingD. am going, am going34. You about the future now,you?A. don ' t think, don ' t B. aren ' t thinking, aren' t C. don ' t think, do D.aren ' t thinking, are35. He was afraid that he his way.A. would lost B. would lose C. is going to D. shall lose36. We each other

37、 since he left here.A. didn ' t see B. hadn ' t seenC. haven ' t seen D. had seen37. Mr. Smith out for a walk in the park every day.A. is going B. goes C. went D. go38. He from home for a long time.A. has gone away B. had gone awayC. has leftD. has been away39. You mustn ' t go too h

38、igh, or you dangerous.A. will be B. are C. would be D. is going to40. We have known each other .A. since we were youngB. after we were youngC. when we are youngD. if we are young41. She promised shedo better work.A. would B. will C. shall D. is going to42. How long has this shop ?A. be open B. been

39、openC. opened D. been opened43. Mr. Smith here since he moved to his city.A. had lived B. have liveC. have lived D. has lived44. -Have you read the newspaper?-No, I haven' t .A. too B. yet C. just D. already45. Our knowledge of the universe all the time.A. grow B. is growingC. grows D. grew46. S

40、he won ' t go to the cinema if she the work tomorrow.A. doesn ' t finish B. won ' t finish C. will finishD. finish47. My grandma for half a year.48. Sheto the Great Wall several times.A. goes B. has gone C. went D. has been49. The earth round the sun. A. move B. moves C. moved D. will mo

41、ve50. Liu Fengwei three yuan for the lost library book.A. paid B. spent C. cost D. took51. I the bike for over four years.A. have bought B. have buy C. have had D. bought52. He told us that he that factory the next day. A. had visited B. has visited C. will visit D. would visit53. His motherthe Part

42、y last year. Shea Party member for a year.A. joined, was B. has joined, is C. joined, has been D. has joined, has been54. We don ' t know if it the day after tomorrow. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. would rain55. He said he his life for his country.A. give B. gave C. had givenD. would give56

43、. He always to the park on Sunday morning.A. go B. goes C. went D. is going57. Look, the students to the teacher carefully.A. is listening B. are listening C. listen D. listened58. He in this school in 1958.A. taught B. has taught C. teaches D. had taught59. They said they to England the next day.A.

44、 will fly B. had flown C. would fly D. flew60. They the work in two days.A. had finished B. would finished C. is finishing D. will finish61. By the end of last week, we two thousand words.A. would learn B. have learned C. had learned D. were learning62. When he left, his mother . |A. is cooking B. c

45、ooked C. was cooking D. cooks63. We ' ll go to play with snow if it tomorrow.A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed()64. There no milk in the glass.A. have B. has C. are D. is65. The train when we got to the station.A. has just left B. had just left C. leaves D. left66. Dr Smith is not at home.

46、 He to work.A. has gone B. has been C. had been D. had gone67. That man knows a lot about New York. I heard he before.A. had gone to the cityB. had been in thereC. had been thereD. had been New York68. The artist to Europe. He is there now.69. Miss Brown said sheA. has gone B. has been C. had gone D

47、. had beenD. had, beenneverto North China before.A. has, gone B. has, been C. had, gone70. What your grandmathis time yesterday?A. is, doing B. was, doingC. did, do D. had, done71. I to see the film because I have lost my ticket.A. won ' t go B. didn ' t go C. don ' t go D. haven ' t

48、 gone72. The students will have a football match if it fine next Saturday.A. will beB. would beC. wasD. is73. She asked me if I the story before.A. have read B. had read C. would read D. will read74. What theyat eight yesterday evening?A. are, doing B. did, do C. have, done D. were, doing75. You can

49、 t see him now because he an important meeting.A. is having B. have C. has D. was having76. I to my brother since last summer.t writeA. didn ' t write B. hadn ' t written C. haven ' t written D. don77. Li Ping will visit the Great Wall as soon as he free.A. will be B. is C. was D. has be

50、en78. One day when Ithe post office Imy uncle.A. pass, see B. was passing, saw C. passed, saw D. pass, saw79. He he some mistakes in the test.A. said, will make B. said, made C. said, had made D. said, make80. They tired so they stoppeda rest.A.are, haveB. were, haveC. were, to haveD. are, having81.

51、 My father every day.A. takes a walk B. took walk C. take a walk D. is taking a walk82. Mary is seven years old. She eight next year.A. is B. will C. was D. will be83. A table and many chairs made by him yesterday.A. was B. were C. are being D. was being84. I ' ll go with you as soon as I my wor

52、k. A. will finish B. shall finish C. finish D. finished85. Trees green in spring.A. turn B. turns C. would turn D. is turning86. Yesterday I in bed all day because I had a fever.A. lay B. lie C. laid D. lain87. Hello, Mike. It ' s you. I you in Beijing. How long have you been here?A. don ' t know, wereB. hadn ' t know, areC. haven ' t known