八年级英语上册 Chapter Four Language and Speaking语法重难点讲解 牛津沈阳版

1、Chapter Four【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：       Chapter Four: language and speaking 二. 重点、难点1. 祈使句（Imperative Sentence）定义：祈使句是用来表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止的句子。祈使句最常用于表达请求、命令。（1）祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为动词原形，句末则使用句号来表示结束。如：Go and wash your hands. 去洗你的手。（表命令）Be quiet, please. (Pleas

2、e be quiet.) 请安静。（表请求）（2）肯定结构：Do型（即：动词原形+宾语+其他成分）。如：Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可以省略。如：This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。Be型 （即：Be+表语+其他成分）。如：Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!Let型（即：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分）。如：Let me help you. 让我来帮你。（3）否定结构：    Do 型和Be型的否定式都在句首加dont构成。如：&

3、#160;   Dont forget me! 不要忘记我！    Dont be late for school! 上学不要迟到！    Let型的否定式有两种：    “Dontlet+宾语+动词原形+其他成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分”如：    Dont let him go. / Let him not go.别让他走。有些祈使句可用no开头，用来表示禁止。如：No smoking! 禁止吸烟！No fishing! 禁止钓鱼

4、！（4）“Let”开头的祈使句由“Let”开头的祈使句是个常见的动词句型，它的主要用法有下列三种：表示“建议”。在此句型里，let后面要跟第一人称的代词宾格形式。如：Let me try.该句型语气委婉，比Dont开头的祈使句客气。试比较：Dont disturb him.        Lets not disturb him.表示“间接命令”或“愿望”。在此句型中，let后面要跟第三人称代词宾格形式或名词。如：Just let her try! 就让她试试吧！Let each man decide for himself

5、. 让每个人自己决定吧！（5）使用“let”的祈使句时，必须注意以下几点：“let”的否定式有两种形式：“Dont let ”和 “Let not”。    如果宾语是第三人称用“Dont let ”；如果宾语是第一人称，则用“Letnot”。 如：    Dont let this type of things happen again.   Its raining now. Lets not go out until after the rain.“Let”适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态。如： 

6、60;  Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison.    Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted. “Let”后面跟不带“to”的不定式，还可以是某些副词：out，in，down，alone等。 如：    Let the puppy out.    Open the windows and let the fresh air in.    The ro

7、om is too sunny. Let the blinds down.    Let me alone, please.用“Lets”时把谈话者的对象包括在内；用“let us”时，并不包括对方。如：Lets try it, shall we?Let us do it by ourselves, will you?2. David, pay attention. 大卫，请注意。pay attention to 注意pay attention to your pronunciation. 请注意你的发音。 数词概述：数词是表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。数

8、词的种类： 基数词和序数词。1. 基数词的构成1-12 单独记： one, two, three , four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve13-19词尾为-teen. e.g: thirteen, fourteen, fifteen20, 30, 40逢十词尾为ty, twenty, thirty, forty21-99在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成。Eg: 73  seventy-three , 88 eighty-eight101-999光说几百，再加and，再加末尾两位数。Eg: 178 one hu

9、ndred and seventy-eight   238 two hundred and thirty-eight1000 以上的数词，先从后向前数， 每三位用一逗号隔开 第一个逗号表示thousand（千）， 第二逗号表示million(百万)， 第三个逗号表示billion(十亿)，然后一节一节用几百几十几的方法。Eg: 1004 one thousand and four   147258 one hundred and forty-seven thousand , two hundred and fifty-eight  

10、18657421 eighteen million, six hundred and fifty-seven thousand , four hundred and twenty-one 注意：在这类数词中hundred, thousand, million, billion等词一般都用单数形式。序数词的记忆口诀：一，二，三要单独记，One-first, two-second, three-thirdth 要从四加起, fourth, sixth,eight , 少个t, eighthnine 去掉e, nine-ninthv 要用f来代替five-fifth, twelve-twelftht

11、y就成tie, twenty-twentieth若问“几十几”或“几百几”，只变个位记心里，twenty-onetwenty-first 重点句子：1. Please have a seat.请坐。sit (v.) 动词， 意思是坐，seat（n.）意思是座位。2. pay attention 注意3. add 3 and 9 ( 3 +9)4. subtract 3 from 9 (9-3)5. multiply 3 by 9 ( 3 ×9)6. divide 9 by 3 ( 9÷3)7. 3 plus 9 equals/is 12 ( 3+9=12)8. 9

12、 minus 3 equals/ is 6 (9-3=6)9. 3 multiplied by 9 equals/is 27( 3×9=27)  10. 9 divided by 3 equals /is 3( 9÷3=3) 重点习题：1. This is a meeting of the worlds most _ ( power, powerful) countries.2. I played tennis five _ ( times, time) last week.3. The _ ( alive , living) things cant l

13、ive without air or water.4. The Chinese _ ( invented, invention ) the compass.5. 13 is an _ ( odd, even) number.6. He was _ ( amusing, amused) to hear the news.7. _ higher, and you will see the house.        A If you stand        B. To

14、 stand     C. When you stand        D. stand8. _ forget to wire to me when you _ get there next Tuesday. A. Dont, will         B. Please, will        C. Please,/ 

15、60;           D. Dont,/9. Could you tell me _ to do next? Nothing more. Lets have a rest.A. why                  B. when       

16、60;        C. what                 D. how10. Tell the boys _ in the classroom.A. dont make a noise           B. not to make noiseC. not

17、 to make a noise          D. not make a noise11. Lets _ our time.A. not waste          B. no wasting         C. not to waste       

18、0;            D. no waste12. _ rude to your classmates.       A. Dont be           B. Isnt            

19、60;    C. Be not              D. Arent13. How many people are there? About _.       A. five hundred      B. five hundreds     C. hundreds  &

20、#160;        D. hundreds of14. Usually children have _ holiday in summer.       A. an 8-week         B. a 8-week           C. an 8-weeks        D. a 8-weeks15. This room is _ than that one.        A. two time bigger more       &