2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习讲义阅读理解及训练02作者意图题指导

1、2019-2020 年高考英语二轮复习讲义 阅读理解及训练02 作者意图题指导小试牛刀 阅读理解There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how theydeveloped is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys andmost gi

2、rls with another. In societieswhere social roles are rigidly determined, boyspattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girlsare being prepared,even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much h

3、ow they changed overthe centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostlyin terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the word and their persistence tothe present that is amazing.

4、In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic（ 北 极的 ） people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and way of life because toys imitate their surrounding. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.Be

5、cause toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not beensubject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up.The progress from a rattle（ 拨浪鼓 ） used by a baby in 3,000 BCt

6、o one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.68. The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that.A.

7、 their social roles are rigidly determinedB. they like challenging activitiesprofessionsC. most boys would like to follow their fathersD. boys like to play with their fathers while girl with their mothers69. One aspect of “the universality of toys ” lies in the fact that.A. the basic characteristics

8、 of toys are the same all over the worldB. technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toysC. the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toysD. the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities70. Which of the follo

9、wing is the author s view on the historical development of toys?A. Toys are playing an increas ingly important role in shaping a child s character.B. The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.C. The craftsmanship in toy - making has remained essentially unchanged.D. To

10、ys have remained basically the same all through the centuries.71. Regarded as a kind of art form, toys.A. reflect the pace of social progressB. are not characterized by technological progressC. follow a direct line of ascentD. also appeal greatly to adults72. The author uses the example of a rattle

11、to show that.A. it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy - makingB. even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technologyC. even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the timeD. in toy - making there is a continuity in the use of materials68-72 AADBC结束*胞丁解牛阅读理

12、解题目中的作者意图题目可以包括意图、态度、目的题目,在考注中出现的比 率很大口不同的文章可能有不同的写作意图，但写作意图通常有以下三种：1） B4iTEain eaderi （娱乐读者，让人发笑）to posua加 EadeiE t谢艮读者接受某种双点）3） to inf 旧 【eaderw （告知读者某些信息）根据文体类别推新写作目的这就要求我们了解在历年高考阅读题中，不同文体与三种 写作意图类型的大致对应关系，这有助于做好此类试题.第一种写作意图（x entertain readers）常见于故事类的文章-第二种写作意图（to persuade reiders3汜：a product ?:

13、 a尔xG，或是要通过对旅游景点、报刊杂志、影片' 电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目 的：吸引更多的游客、读者或订户、现众等（to attract more 'isitcrs readtrs au±enct）.第 三种巨作意图（to inform readers）多见于科普美、新闻报道美、文化类或社会类的文章，了 解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必篓找港文变的主题句，或 较好地对主题加以归纳。例 1（2012 全国 II ）Cold weather can hard on pets, just like it can be hard on pe

14、ople. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter （住所）as they are. Someowners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you

15、 can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you haveto take them out, stay outside with them. Whenyou' re cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm

16、, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warmshelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of goo

17、d quality. Keep an eye on your pet' s water. Sometimes owners don ' t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can ' t get anything to drink. Animals that don' t have clean and unfrozen watermay drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.44. W

18、hat is the purpose of this text?A. To solve a problem. B. To give practical advice.C. To tell an interesting story.D. To present a research result.点拨B 作者意图题。有第一段最后一句话There are things you can do to keep youranimal warm and safe. 及二、三段可知选 B。例2 （2012 四川）On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we

19、 watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour bef

20、ore. Each look reminds us where we are.There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees.Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As they tell all who show even a

21、passing interest,maple（枫叶）makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and itis perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is wat

22、er, they never say anything against that.The seasons change just outside the door. We watch the maples turn every shadeof yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars'（杨树） putting out the firstgreen leaves of spring. The rainbow smell fills the local stream as the ice gradually disappears, an

23、d the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and （lies over the lake.42. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that.A. the kids like playing in treesB. the kids are very familiar with treesC. the kids have learne

24、d much knowledgeD. the kids find trees useful learning tools点拨C作者目的意图。根据第四段的第二句：As they tell all who show even a passinginterest,可以推断出，作者提到这么多树木的名字，说明了孩子们学到了很多。故答案C符合文意。小试牛刀I.段落练习Exerciw 1Do vou enjoy reading" Do you read n亡wspaperw or mag azines"* Char are, if/ ou do ar： of these activiti

25、es, your pre-school chjldis on his way tc becoming a reaaer.The process of reaming ro read is coinplex: and one of the mo: ： err on ant things ' know 后 that parents can help their children learn to read. As ttEdrs cu-ersation? .士 adults,由讣一 hear both 耻飞.and famijar 'erds and their vocabaar-

26、gro-s.Ihe more children get connected with talking, listening, reading and writing, the fasitr it is for them to become active readers.、Vh工亡 you as a parent have 2 Lg infuencz on th己we 叶土才 bhaviorj: n is important to remember Uiat opporwnnes for literal' experiences happen 察口en you and your chil

27、d shaxe in the basic routines of ever.-day lif?.Question:The passage is written toA. talk about parents' influence on their children' s behaviorB. encourage parents to set a good example to their childrenC. advise parents to make reading a part of their children' s daily lifeD. make pare

28、nts believe in the importance of early reading Exercise 2A computer virus is a program or piece of code that is loaded onto your computerwithout your knowledge and runs against your wishes. All computer viruses are manmade. Here are some virus prevention tips.Question :This passage mainly tells us A

29、. What a computer virus is B. howto use e-mail safely C. hov to use computer5 safely D. how to pre'vm computtr viruses Exercise 3Doctors in Britain are vaming of an obesir- -tme bomb:口旧 chfdr?n who are a., ad 6三rv三ight grow up. So, whai should we du" Exercise mor±"Ear less71 0；GQt

30、tT The ? p eimeni feels it has to tak? rfsponsibilitv- for this expanding problem.The cheer fit Mr. Pic-ick, the hero of the no'el by Charles Dickens.式之口 m exp laming as someone v.-ho is plump - and happy In ISth cenrun- painnss beaii1? .s equated p j±. roundsz bodies and soft cutyes （曲线）.B

31、ut nov,-ada_s bein? o'erweight is seen as ndicaimg neither a cheerfiL character nor braiitv but 3ii mcreued risk of heart disease and ± jicetes （糖尿病）.Question:Mr Pickwick and paintings beauty of 18th century are used as examples to show that.A. fatness was considered something good at one t

32、ime B. a fat man is a cheerful characterC. beauty should be overweightD. fatness leads to an increased risk of diseases Exercise 4Wilson's doctors suggested he take the drug Sutent, but the NHS（英国国名健身保险制度）refused to fund the £ 3,500-a-month bill. Only last month, Wilsonwrotein the Daily Mir

33、ror, "I love the NHS. I love the nurses, assistants and doctors who looked after mewith such care and devotion. I've been paying NHScontributionssincemy first job at 17. They'll give me a facelift but will not pay for the drug which will treat my cancer ".Question :By telling his o

34、wn experience about the NHS , Wilson showed that A. he loved the NHSB. the NHS should pay for the drag, Sutent, which would treat himC. people should pay larger contributions to the NHS', D. he had made no contributions to the NHSII.篇章练习Exercise 1Sometimes known as "The Big Apple" or &

35、quot;The City That Never Sleeps", New York is both the most populous city in the USA and a leading center of business, commerce, finance and media. The city is often referred to as "New York City", in order to distinguish it from the state it is in. The city is part of a large metropo

36、litan （大者B市的）area, and the combined city population is beyond 18.7 million.New York City is made up of five boroughs （行政区）and another nickname of thecity is "The Five Boroughs". The five boroughs are: The Bronx. Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island.There are many famous buildings

37、and sights in New York. especially in Manhattan. These include the Empire State Building, the Flatiron Building and the United Nations Building. When you visit New York, make sure you see Central Park. Times Square, Chinatown. Little Italy and of course the Statue of Liberty. Additionally, there are

38、 many wonderful museumsin New York. some truly excellent shops, some of the world's best theaters in the Broadway area. and the neighborhoods of Greenwich Village and SoHo which are well-known for the artists who reside there.Getting around New York City is simple - the city' s subway networ

39、k is one of the most comprehensive in the world, connecting all parts of Manhattan in rapid time. However, the best way to see NewYork is undoubtedly on foot. Central Park is an ideal place to start a walking tour of New York City - 843 acres of shining ponds and lush greenery attract locals and tou

40、rists. And apart from offering breathtaking scenery, it_is a centre for recreation. Visitors can listen to music groups, watch performers, walk along the trails and even take a romantic ride in a horse carriage.Question:What is the purpose of this passage?A. To explain why New York is called "T

41、he Big Apple".B. To tell people how to visit New York.C. To tell people the history and scenery of New York.D. To introduce the city - New York briefly.2His Ova Wav to Express LoveYesterday was our three-year anniversan; didn-t do anything romariuC： ju&t -aLked hand in hand and talked about

42、 our pan and the fumre, Th 扑 was pretty mu? a what I expected.Andy is an unromantic guy: no sv/est words or roses Smarted as he is, hr is a Ettie bit shy expressing his love On the contrary ： I am an outspoken girl who likts to 由r her directs. Soto sa; I often feel that he isI enw other girh 'hc

43、 aresurrounded by sw?st words.I was in his sullen mood until I heard a beautiful sentence one diy: If one 尢二：love you the vou hke. it does not mean that he dees tlot love vou.f, pus srnip -匕nt sensible sen：?uce made me think about our happy days and recall his deep conceniformeOne cold venter night

44、I got a high 惶He hurried to my dam"ory and look mt ro ihe hospital. He v;ai m meh a hurry that he foro: to wear socks. After arrival, he ran through th? hospitx hand：mg 琮 the formalities 1手续），Whs I was put on . drip 点滴 he to'd me interesting stories to make me happy. Being held in his v;arm

45、 arms and listening to his gentlevoice, I had never felt so safe and comfortable. Gradually, I fell asleep. When I woke up 15 minutes later, he was still whispering to me. He explained that if he had stopping talking I would have woken up. At that moment, I found love in his eyes.Another time, I had

46、 a bad quarrel with my best friend. Although I knew it was my fault, I refused to admit it. I was very angry when he insisted I apologize to her. He said that it was difficult to admit a mistake, but this was what everyone should do. The next morning, I apologized to my friend for her forgiveness.My

47、 unromantic boyfriend cares about my health like my father, understands me likemy mother and helps me like my elder brother. Question:The writer tells the reader two stories to show thatA Andy is a romantic guy.B Andy has his own way to express love.C Andy is an insensitive guy.D. Andy is a foolish

48、guy.帮你归纳（一）这种题型常见的提问形式有：The writer writes this passage in order to.The writer ' s purpose of writing this passage is to.What is the purpose of writing this article?In writing the passage, the author intends to.The writer uses the example of to show that.The writer uses the two questions at the b

49、eginning of the passage to.are mentioned in the first paragraph to.（二）阅读推断题思路及技巧：作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。1 .这类词间语气态度的专题中，选择项里常出现以下一些重要的词，码mpathEtx同情的； enseal 批评的；doubtiul 怀疑的：objective 客观的；enthusias:ic 热情的, tnatter-of-fact 实事 求是的；hsti上敌对的？演的期满意的I计2好 友好的；indjffer:冷淡的；空的汽打门主 观的；用

50、也短三匕匚乐观的事pE及imiaBc悲观的：dimapp口td失望的；币工tra.中立的口2 .询问写作目的的题，选择项里常出现的词是：伫邛力血解释:psu法劝说1 uomm也评论f cr加近批评血次近引起 的注意或兴趣j mterram使欢乐：argue辩论demonstra凭举例说明，示范；tq讲述i prm证明：1二不檄 动；advise劝告1: analyze分析；praise赞扬；view看待年等.3 .把握作者的态度、意图、目的，推泱悦章的深层含义是一项非常复杂的智力活动，需要 我们具有很强的推理、判断和逻辑概括能力.推理就是要在对文章或段溶整陲理理的基础上. 可根据某一关德句.经

51、过思辑判断，达到由旧而知新，由前而知后，由此而知彼,由表而知 里.4 .掌握推理的最隹方法就是在推理中学习推理，多读文章，多;故阅读理解题中有关作者的 意图及文章的深层含义的题目，在不断的实践中总结经脸，形成自己的推理风格和特点. 尽量选取不同体裁和内容的的文章，熟番各自不同的侧重点，通过文章线索来分析和判斫作 者的意图和所表达的观点.答案速递1. 1. C。作者意图题。根据文章末句可知文章的目的是告诉家长要培养孩子成为好的读者， 应该把读书的行为贯穿在日常生活中，使之成为孩子们每天例行要做的事情。2. D。本题是考查作者意图题目，通过分析这篇文章是总分结构，通过 Here are some

52、virus prevention tips可以得知答案为 D=3. Ao 由第二段“The cheerful Mr Pickwick ”"paintings beauty is equated with roundedbodies ” 可知，Mr Pickwick 和paintings beauty 都是当时人们崇尚的东西。4. B。根据本段中I ' ve been paying NHS contributions since my first job at 17.They 1 l give me a facelift but will not pay for the dru

53、g which will trea t from my cancer.可知 Wilson 希望 NHSj药物付款。II. 1. D o作者意图题目。通过文章的层次结构，我们知道第一段介绍了纽约的概况，下面 分别介绍了她的五个区、旅游胜地、交通等.故选2.B.本题问；作者告诉读者这两个故事来表示什么？大多数考生室到题就想，考查作者的 意图，应该通读全文掌握大意或者阅读文章最后两段寻找表现作者意图的句子或者词诰,但 是考生需要注意的是看完题目不要急着回到文章寻找，而是看看选项，是否根据选项就能判 断出正确答案，比如通过排除法，对比法等等，所以这道题一样，看完题目看选项.很容易 看到选项B中出现了标

54、题的内容His Own Way to Express Love-选项与文章标题几乎完全一 样，既然标题能揭示一篇文章的主旨，那么这里肯定正确选项就是反 单词百宝箱 appreciation n.感谢,感激，正确评价，欣赏，增值We offer this small tokmhy玷岑 of appraciatiQ口我们赠送这小小的礼物以表谢意 literacy n.识字能力，有文化I cant belike that he failed the 1 iterarv test, far he is so *qum【我无法相信他识字测试不及格, 因为他的口才很好. rout ne n. 例行公事It

55、's just a routine medical examination; nothing to get worried about.这只是例行的体格检查，没有什么可担心的。plump adj.（指动物、人）圆胖的；丰满的She is plump without being fat.她长得丰满但并不肥胖。equate v. 使相等，数视为平等My grandfather often equates inexperience with youth.我爷爷经常把年轻和缺乏经验相等同起来 comprehensive adj. 广泛的,综合的;The government gave a co

56、mprehensive explanation of its plans for industry.政府对其工业发展计划做了全面的解释。 lush adj. 青葱的，繁荣的 Trains pass through the lush countryside.火车通过苍翠繁茂的乡下。anniversary n. 周年纪念I gave him a handsome present at the anniversary of his birthday.在他生 日那天我送给他一份很好的礼物。sullen adj.沉沉不乐的A sullen look shaded his face.他因不快而沉下脸来。时

57、文阅读The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a looming（逼近） hunger crisis in poor countriesand a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice price

58、sincreases combined with soaringenergy costs will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine（破坏）political stability, as evidenced by the protest riotsthat have erupted in places like Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. Practical solutions to these growing woes do exist, but we'll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.So, what should be done ? Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert （防止， 避免） the potential for a global disaster. The first is to scale-up（按比例增加，扩大）the dramatic success of Malawi, a famine-prone （遭遇