中考化学总复习 第八单元 金属和金属材料 第1课时 金属材料 金属资源的利用和保护课件 新人教版 (26)

1、第二部分第二部分 专题语法专题语法 高效突破高效突破2专项专项 1 1 名名 词词3考点考点1 1 名词的数名词的数一、可数名词一、可数名词可数名词所表示的人或事物可以用数来计算，有单数、复数两种形式。1 1名词复数的规则变化名词复数的规则变化情况情况构成方法构成方法例词例词一般情况加scapcaps；dogdogs；GermanGermans以字母s，sh，ch，x等结尾加esbusbuses；wishwishes 以“辅音字母y”结尾变y为i，再加esladyladies；centurycenturies以“元音字母y”结尾直接加sboyboys；monkeymonkeys高频考点高频考点

2、精讲精讲4以f或fe结尾一般变f，fe为v，再加esleafleaves；lifelives以o结尾有生命的加estomatotomatoes；heroheroes；potatopotatoes无生命的加sradioradios；zoozoos; photophotos【注意】【注意】有些名词虽以s结尾，但它们不是复数。如：physics物理；maths数学；politics政治；news新闻。2 2名词复数的不规则变化名词复数的不规则变化类型类型例词例词字母变化manmen；womanwomen；EnglishmanEnglishmen；FrenchmanFrenchmen；childchi

3、ldren；footfeet；toothteeth；mousemice 5二、不可数名词二、不可数名词不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有词形的变化，主要包括物质名词和抽象名词两种。不可数名词的计量形式：基数词/不定冠词量词of不可数名词，但数词决定量词的单复数形式。如：a glass of water一杯水；a piece of news 一则新闻；three pieces of advice三条建议。单复数同形ChineseChinese；JapaneseJapanese；peoplepeople；sheepsheep；deerdeer 复合名词的复数形式a man teache

4、rmen teachers；a woman teacherwomen teachers6考点考点2 2 名词词义辨析名词词义辨析近义词辨析近义词辨析1 1news, information, messagenews, information, message，adviceadvice与与suggestionsuggestionnews不可数名词；“新闻，消息”information不可数名词；“信息”message可数名词；“信息，口信”advice不可数名词；“建议”suggestion可数名词；“建议”2.sound2.sound，noisenoise与与voicevoicesound “

5、声音”，指可以听到的任何声音。noise 常指太响或人们不愿听到的声音，“嘈杂声，喧闹声”。voice 指“说话声，唱歌声，嗓音”。73 3jobjob与与workworkjob是可数名词，指一项具体的工作，多指“零工”或“短工”；work是不可数名词，指“工作，劳动，努力”。4 4problemproblem与与questionquestion两个词都表示“问题”。problem总是与“困难”相联系，它可以指社会问题、教学问题，这种“问题”是“有待解决的”，与其搭配的动词是solve；question总是与“疑问，质问，询问”相联系，这种“问题”是“有待回答的”。8考点考点3 3 名词所有格

6、名词所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系，有两种表示形式：一种是在名词后加s；另一种是用of，表示 “的”。1 1s / ss / s类别类别构成方法构成方法举例举例有生命的单数名词加s Jims father吉姆的爸爸；Fathers Day父亲节有生命的复数名词加the students desks 学生们的课桌；Teachers Day教师节不以s结尾的复数名词一般加s Childrens Day儿童节；Womens Day妇女节表示两个人共有一物时在后一个名词后加sThis is Tom and Peters room.这是汤姆和皮特的房间。9表示两个人分别拥有某物时在两个名词后

7、分别加sThese are Toms and Peters rooms.这些是汤姆和皮特的房间。表示时间、距离、国家、地点和自然现象等无生命的名词可在词尾加s或ten minutes walk十分钟的路程；an hours rest一个小时的休息2.of2.of所有格所有格没有生命的事物一般用of 结构来表示所属关系。如：the wall of the classroom教室的墙；a picture of the bedroom卧室的图片。3 3双重所有格双重所有格将of结构与s结构或名词性物主代词一起使用，构成双重所有格。如：a friend of his他的一个朋友；the big nos

8、e of Toms汤姆的大鼻子。10十年真题十年真题全练全练十年来，潍坊市中考对名词考查了五次，主要面向名词词义辨析和名词所有格这两个考点，特别是在具体语境下对名词词义辨析的考查，这就要求考生要在具体的语言环境下，准确把握名词的意义；不可数名词和名词的复数(如sheep单复数同形)也是未来对于名词的考查方向。考点考点2 2 名词词义辨析名词词义辨析1.2008潍坊， 16题Luckily, the boy didnt hurt his _ in the accident, so he can walk as usual.Aarms Blegs Ceyes Dhands22012潍坊， 17题I

9、ts a good _ to have breakfast every morning.Ahobby Bjob Cmenu Dskill32015潍坊， 28题On September 3 there will be some _ in China to celebrate the 70year victory of the AntiJapanese War.Aactions Bprojects Ctraditions DactivitiesB BA AD D11考点考点3 3 名词所有格名词所有格4.2008潍坊，17题 Mrs.Bond is an old friend of _AJack

10、 mother BJack mothersCJacks mother DJacks mothers5.2013潍坊， 28题How far is your home from school?Its about two _ walk.Ahours Bhours Chours DhourD DB B猜押预测猜押预测1How many _ can you see in the picture? Two. Adog Bchild Cduck Dsheep 2Could you give me some _？ I tried several times but failed. Anotice Bsugg

11、estion Cadvice DwayD DC C123Steve Jobs was full of _always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society. Ainstruction Binvitation Cintroduction Dinvention4Its useful for the deaf people to learn sign language. Yes，its a major way of _ for them. Asuggestion Bvacation Cproduction Dco

12、mmunication5Is this photo taken in Tibet? Yes.You can see beautiful snow mountains in the _ of the photo. Aform Bbackground Cshape Dinstruction6Nowadays schools should care for the full _ of a students talents. Asatisfaction Bdevelopment Ccommunication DpreparationD DD DB BB B137Its about _ from our

13、 school to my house. A20 minutes walk B20 minutes walk Cwalk of 20 minutes D20 minutes walks8_ fathers didnt come to the meeting.Why? Because they have gone to Beijing. AJeffs and Amys BJeff and Amy CJeffs and Amy DJeff and Amys9Are you sure this is a photo _， the famous comedy actress? It surprised

14、 you, didnt it? But she was once really thin. AJia Ling BJia Lings Cof Jia Ling Dof Jia LingsA AA AC C14专项专项 2 2 冠冠 词词15考点考点1 1 不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法 不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。其基本用法为：1泛指某一类人、事或物，这是不定冠词a / an的基本用法。如：I want to buy an English book.我想买一本英语书。2泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物，以区别于其他种类。如：A

15、 man is waiting for you at the school gate.一个男人正在学校门口等你。3表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如：a girl一个女孩；an hour一个小时。4用在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。如：a third time再一次，又一次。5用在重量、长度、时间或单位名词前，表示“每一”，相当于every。如：once a week每周一次。高频考点高频考点精讲精讲166用于叙述第一次出现的人或物前。如：This is a dictionary.这是一本词典。7用于某些不可数名词前表示数量“一次，一阵，一份，一类”等。8用在抽象名词前，表

16、示具体情况，说明被介绍的对象是什么样的人或物。9用于某些固定短语中。如：a few一些，少数几个；have a good time玩得高兴；have a rest休息一会；take a look看一看；leave a message留口信。考点考点2 2 定冠词的用法定冠词的用法 1.特指有修饰语的或上文已提到的或谈话双方都知道的某人或某物。如：On the right there was a bed.And on the bed there was a toy.在右边有张床，在这张床上有个玩具。2用在表示乐器的名词之前。如：She plays the piano well.她弹钢琴弹得很好。

17、173用在单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物；和某些形容词连用，表示一类人，在意义上常为复数；用在姓氏的复数前，指一家人或夫妇。如：The dog is more useful than the cat.狗比猫更有用。the old老年人；the sick病人；the rich富人；the Smiths史密斯夫妇。4用在序数词及形容词或副词的最高级之前。如：the first floor一楼；the tallest tree最高的树。5表示世界上独一无二的东西，用在江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉等名称前。如：the Changjiang River长江；the Pacific太平洋；the sun太阳

18、；the world世界。6用于某些固定搭配中。如：all the year round整年；in the end最后；on the whole总的来说，基本上；by the way顺便说一下；in the sun在阳光下；at the age of 在岁时。考点考点3 3 冠词的混合考查冠词的混合考查 1.不定冠词a / an和定冠词the的混合考查。 2.零冠词和冠词的混合考查。18十年真题十年真题全练全练十年来，潍坊市中考对冠词考查了十次，主要面向冠词a / an辨析和冠词的混合考查这两个考点，特别是在具体语境下对冠词用法辨析的考查，这就要求考生要在具体的语言环境下，准确把握冠词的用法；

19、冠词的混合考查(不定冠词和定冠词混合)是未来对于冠词的考查方向。考点考点1 1 不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法1.2008潍坊，17题Its _C C_ nice day，isnt it?Yes, what _ fine weather!Aa；a Bthe；the Ca；/ Dthe；/2.2010潍坊，16题Avatar(阿凡达)is such _A A_ wonderful science fiction movie that I want to see it _ second time.Aa；a Ba；the C/；the D/；a193.2011潍坊，16题On March 11，201

20、1 _ earthquake hit Japan.Aan Ba C/ Dthe4.2014潍坊，16题Reading can make you become_expert and change your life.Aa Ban C/ Dthe5.2017潍坊，21题What do you think of the boy?He is _ honest student today and _ useful man tomorrow.Aa；an Ban；a Can；an Da；aA AB BB B考点考点3 3 冠词的混合用法冠词的混合用法6.2009潍坊，16题_ amusement park

21、you visited yesterday is kind of small，but its _ interesting one.AThe；the B/；a CThe；an DAn；theC C2072012潍坊，16题_ old man in _ brown coat over there is Mr.Jackson.AAn； a BAn；the CThe；a DThe；the82013潍坊，16题I missed the beginning of _ cartoon The Lion King.What a pity! You should have left school half _

22、hour earlier.Aa；an Bthe；a Cthe；an Dan；the92015潍坊，21题Who is _ girl in front of the library?The one with _ umbrella? She is our monitor.Athe；a Bthe；an Ca；an Da；the102016潍坊，21题_ chocolate bread you want is done now.What _ delicious smell!AA；the BA；不填 CThe；a DThe；不填C CC CB BC C21猜押预测猜押预测1_ apple a day k

23、eeps the doctor away. AA BAn CThe D/ 2This is _ new computer. Aa Ban C/ Dthe3Did you have _ good time yesterday? Yeah，I really had _ fun at the party! Aa；/ Ba；the C/；the D/；a4David is _ eightyearold boy with short black hair. A/ Ba Can Dthe5Dong Guijun is _ first man of Lianyungang to reach the top

24、of Mount Qomolangma. He is _ pride of us. Athe；/ Ba；the Cthe；the Da；/B BA AA AC CC C226When is Fathers Day in the United States? Its on _ third Sunday in June. Aa Bthe C/ Dan7What did you do last night，Bob? First I did my homework，and then I played _ piano for half _ hour. Athe；a B/；an Cthe；an Da；th

25、e8Lucy is _ university student.She likes playing _ piano. Aa；/ Ba；the Can；the Dan；/9Do you know _ girl with long curly hair? Yes，she is Mary.She plays _ piano very well. Aa；/ Bthe；/ Cthe；the Da；the10Does your father go to work by _ car every day? No，he sometimes takes _ bus. Aa；the Bthe；a C不填；a Da；不

26、填B BB BC CC CC C23专项专项 3 3 数数 词词24高频考点高频考点精讲精讲考点考点1 1 序数词的构成及用法序数词的构成及用法1.构成序数词用于表示序列，常在基数词后加th构成，一般在序数词前加定冠词the。基数词变序数词规律：(1)第1至第19一般是在基数词后加th，但变化特殊的有：onefirst，twosecond，threethird，fivefifth，eighteighth，nineninth，twelvetwelfth。(2)逢十的twenty，thirty.ninety，分别改y为i并加上eth。如：twentytwentieth，ninetyninetiet

27、h。(3)表示第几十几或第几百几十几，只需将个位数改为序数词。如：56fiftysixfiftysixth；635six hundred and thirtyfivesix hundred and thirtyfifth。25【助记】基变序，有规律，末尾要加th，一二三特殊记，结尾各是t，d，d，八减t，九去e，f来把ve替，ty改为tie，然后再加th，若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。2用法(1)序数词前一般情况下必须加the。如：The first one is what I really need.第一个是我真正需要的。(2)序数词前若有限定词，则不用加the。如：It is my se

28、cond time to visit Beijing.这是我第二次去参观北京。(3)序数词前也可以加不定冠词，表示“又一，再”。如：Weve tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time? 我们已经试过三遍了。还必须再试一次吗？26考点考点2 2 不确切数字的表达方法不确切数字的表达方法hundred，thousand，million等数词前面有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时，不加s。如：several million people 数百万人，two thousand teachers 两千位老师。但如表示“几百”“几千”“几百万”等笼统的

29、数目时，则在其后加s，再加上of构成短语。如：hundreds of books 几百本书，thousands of workers 几千个工人。考点考点3 3 分数、小数及百分数分数、小数及百分数1.分数的分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示，当分子大于1时，序数词要用复数。1/2a / one half；1/3a / one third；1/4a / one fourth或a / one quarter；2/5two fifths。2.小数是用基数词加小数点表示，小数点前面的数按基数词的规则读，小数点后面的数按个位基数词依次读出。如：0.5zero point five；0.006zero

30、point zero zero six。3.百分数是由基数词或小数加百分号组成，百分号(%)读作percent。如：0.6%zero point six percent；5%five percent。27十年真题十年真题全练全练十年来，潍坊市中考对数词考查了两次，主要面向分数构成和不确切数字这两个考点。序数词、分数和不确切数字是未来对于数词的考查方向。考点考点3 3 分数、小数及百分数分数、小数及百分数1.2009潍坊，22题Nowadays _ of business letters are written in English.Atwo third Btwo thirdsCtwo thre

31、e Dsecond threeB B考点考点2 2 不确切数字的表达方法不确切数字的表达方法2.2017潍坊，26题“Food Safety” has become one of the hottest topics recently.Yeah，it receives _ Internet hits a day.Athousands Bthousands ofCthousand DhundredsB B28猜押预测猜押预测1We are going on holiday in the _ week of July. Atwo Btwice Csecond Dsecondly2Meimei is

32、 going to be an older sister.Her parents are planning to have their _ child. Aone Btwo Cfirst Dsecond3Its reported that people throw _ plastic bags along this street every day. Ahundred Bhundreds Chundred of Dhundreds of4The environment here becomes better and better._ birds are coming back. AThousa

33、nds of BThousand of CThousands DThousandA AC CD DD D295_ of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass. AFifth two BTwo fifth CFifth second DTwo fifths6A recent survey shows that 35 out of 45 students in my class will save their phones first in a fire. About _ of the students made suc

34、h a choice? Life is far more important，isnt it? Ahalf Bone third Ctwo thirds Dthree quarters7Boys and girls，please turn to Page _ and look at the _ picture. AFifth；five BFive；five CFifth；fifth DFive；fifthD DD DD D308_ of the students in Class 6 have lunch at school. ATwo fifth BOne thirds CThree fif

35、th DThree quarters9Although you failed four times，I hope you can have _ try. Thank you，I will. Athe fifth Ba fifth Cthe fourth Da fourth10A quarter to four is _ A3：15 B3：45 C4：15 D3：30B BD DB B31专项专项 4 4 代代 词词32高频考点高频考点精讲精讲考点考点1 1 人称代词、物主代词及用法人称代词、物主代词及用法人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性第一第一人称人称单数Imemymin

36、e复数weusourours第二第二人称人称单数youyouyouryours复数youyouyouryours第三第三人称人称单数sheherherhershe himhishisitititsits复数theythemtheirtheirs331.1.人称代词的用法人称代词的用法人称代词主格在句子中作主语，用在动词前。宾格在句中作宾语，用在动词或介词后；也可以作表语，用在系动词后。如：We have never been there.我们从未去过那儿。Can you look after her while Im away? 我不在时，你能照顾一下她吗？Lets go and find h

37、im.让我们去找他吧。Whos the boy in the picture? 照片中的男孩是谁？Its me.是我。2 2物主代词的用法物主代词的用法(1)形容词性物主代词在句子中只能作定语，放在名词之前，不能单独使用。如：Hes my best friend.他是我最好的朋友。(2)名词性物主代词在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语，相当于名词，后面不能跟名词。如：Whose book is this？这是谁的书？Its mine.是我的。(3)形容词性物主代词可以和own连用，后面可以跟名词也可以不跟名词。如：I saw it with my own eyes.我亲眼所见。34考点考点2 2

38、反身代词及用法反身代词及用法人称人称单数复数第一人称第一人称myselfourselves第二人称第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称第三人称himself themselves herselfitself1.反身代词在句中，跟在动词或介词后作宾语。如：He can take care of himself.他能照顾他自己。2反身代词在句中，跟在系动词后作表语。如：The poor boy in the story was myself.故事中的那个可怜的男孩是我自己。3反身代词在句中，跟在名词或代词后或放在句末作同位语。如：I myself did it.I did it m

39、yself.我自己做的。35反身代词在中考中涉及到介词后的词义辨析，应牢记对应词的基本意义。另外还要熟悉常见的固定搭配。如：help oneself to “随便吃”；enjoy oneself “玩得愉快”；teach oneself “自学”；by oneself “单独地，独自地”；dress oneself“自己穿衣服”。考点考点3 3 不定代词不定代词1.1.普通不定代词普通不定代词some，any，no，few，little，none，many，much，either，neither，one，each，every，another，both，all，other。either / ne

40、ither / none / no one的区别：either指(两者中的)任何一个。后面的主语用单数，谓语动词也用单数。neither指两者任何一个都不，修饰可数名词单数。none指(三个或三个以上的)人或物一个也没有。作代词时，在句中一般作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词则可用单数或复数形式。none多与of连用，表示对三个及三个以上的人或物的否定。no one只指人，一般不与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。362 2复合不定代词复合不定代词表人表人somebodyanybodyeverybodynobodysomeoneany

41、oneeveryoneno one表物表物somethinganythingeverythingnothing复合不定代词的用法：复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。由some构成的不定代词往往用于肯定句中；而由any构成的不定代词则往往用于否定句或疑问句中。由some构成的不定代词有时也可用于疑问句中，用来表明特殊用意。当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。373 3不定代词中的指代数量不定代词中的指代数量词义词义指两者指两者指三者或以上指三者或以上每一个每一个eachevery任何一个任何一个eitherany另一个另一个the othe

42、ranother都都bothall都不都不neithernone38考点考点4 4 指示代词指示代词代词代词用法用法例句例句itit特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物The book is mine.Its very interesting.这本书是我的。它非常有趣。 one one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一Who has a novel named Tiny Times？谁有一本小说名字叫小时代？I have one.我有一本。that that 常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复The weather in Beijing is colder than th

43、at in Shanghai.北京的天气比上海冷一些。thisthis常用来指代离自己较近的人或物This is my friend.这是我的朋友。39十年真题十年真题全练全练十年来，潍坊市中考对代词考查了十四次，主要面向人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、反身代词和指示代词这几个考点。人称代词、物主代词、不定代词是未来对于代词的主要考查方向。考点考点1 1 人称代词、物主代词及用法人称代词、物主代词及用法1.2011潍坊，18题 It cant be Lucys bike.Look! _ is under the tree.AShe BHer CHers DShes22012潍坊，19题 My f

44、irst teacher，Ms.Yao，was very strict with _Aus Bwe Cour Dours32015潍坊，23题 Lucys strawberries are fresher than _AI Bme Cmy DmineC CA AD D40考点考点2 2 反身代词及用法反身代词及用法4.2011潍坊，20题Teenagers should learn to protect _ from all kinds of dangers.Athem BtheyCtheir Dthemselves52013潍坊，19题The song I Believe I Can Fly

45、 tells us that believing in _ is very important.Athemselves BitselfCourselves Dyourselves62016潍坊，24题Peter doesnt feel sure of _ in his new school.Ahe Bhim Chis DhimselfD DC CD D41考点考点3 3 不定代词不定代词7.2009潍坊，19题“Have _ try，you are so close to the answer，” the teacher encourages the kids. Athe other Bone

46、 another Cother Danother82010潍坊，27题Would you like tea or coffee?_ is OK.I really dont mind.ANone BEither CNeither DBoth92012潍坊，22题Lincoln came from nothing，yet he did _ that changed the world.Asomething Bnothing Ceverything Danything102013潍坊，28题I have two sisters，but _ of them is a teacher.Aall Bnei

47、ther Cboth Dnone112014潍坊，17题A smile costs _，but gives so much.So we should learn to smile.Asomething Banything Cnothing DeverythingD DB BA AB BC C42考点考点4 4 指示代词指示代词12.2008潍坊，19题The machines made in China are cheaper than _ made in Japan.Aones Bthat Cthose Dit132010潍坊，18题Im expecting a pet dog for lo

48、ng，but Mom has no time to buy _ for me.Ait Bone Cthis Dthat142011潍坊，17题The banana pie tastes delicious.Could I have another _？Aone Bit Cthis DthatC CB BA A43猜押预测猜押预测1Nancy and Kate are good friends._ are both from England. AWe BYou CThey DHe2Hi，Sara.Is this _ English book? No._ is on the desk. Ayour

49、；Mine Byour；My Cyours；Mine Dyours；My3Heres a box of chocolate on our desk.For me or for your mom? Its _，Dad.Happy Fathers Day! Ahers Bher Cyours Dyou4What a nice model plane! Thanks.I made it with 3D printer by _. Ame Bhim Citself Dmyself5If we just think about _，the boat of friendship will be overt

50、urned anytime. Amyself Bhimself Cyourself DourselvesD DC CA AC CD D446Im sorry I know _ about it.Its a secret between them. Anothing Bsomething Canything Deverything7The twins look exactly the same._ of them are in my class. AEach BBoth CEither DNone8Do you know who taught _ Russian? Nobody.He learn

51、ed it by _ Ahis；himself Bhim；him Chim；himself Dhis；him9Is there _ beef in the fridge? No，there isnt.There is _ pork. Asome；any Bany；any Csome；some Dany；some10My father is a worker._ is very kind. AHe BShe CHis DItA AB BC CD DA A4511Do you have toys? Id like to buy _ for my cousin. Ait Bone Cthis Dth

52、at12I cant find my ticket.I think I must have lost _ Ait Bone Cthis Dthem13I want to buy some books，but I cant find a bookstore. I know _ nearby.Let me show you. Athat Bit Cone DanyB BA AC C46专项专项 5 5 介介 词词47高频考点高频考点精讲精讲考点考点1 1 表时间介词的辨析表时间介词的辨析1.at1.at表示具体的时间点。如：at six oclock在六点；at half past four在四点

53、半。at 还常用在一些固定短语中。 at New Year 在新年；at the age of 在岁时；at the end of 在最后；at first 起初。2 2inin(1)表示时间：与年、月、日、周、季节、早晨、下午或晚上等名词连用。如：in 2016 在2016年；in September 在九月份；in the morning在上午。(2)“in时间段”表示将来，意为“(时间)以后”。3 3onon表示具体某日或某日的上午、下午或晚上。如：on Sunday在星期天；on March 2nd在三月二号；on Tuesday afternoon在星期二下午；on a hot mo

54、rning在一个炎热的早晨。484 4beforebefore，afterafterbefore“在之前”，after“在之后”，常用于时间点前。5 5byby“by时间点”表示“在以前，到为止”。如果后跟将来的时间点，句子应用一般将来时；如果后跟过去的时间点，句子应用过去完成时。6 6duringduringduring后可接特定的某一段时间，即during时间段，表示“在期间”，常与一般过去时连用，表示某个期间的动作。7 7untiluntiluntiltill，意为“直到(时候)”，后接时间点，常用于not.until.结构中，表示“直到才”，until后接时间点。8 8sincesin

55、cesince表示“自从以来(直到现在)”，主句是现在完成时，后可接过去的时间或一般过去时从句。49考点考点2 2 表地点介词的辨析表地点介词的辨析1.at1.at，inin，ononat较小地点；in较大地点。如：at the bus stop在公共汽车站，in Beijing在北京。on表示“在上面”，表示和物体表面相接触。on表示地理位置时，意为“濒临，紧挨着”。2 2in front ofin front of，behindbehind，in the front ofin the front of，at the at the back ofback of表示表示“前后前后”in fro

56、nt of常指位置“在的前面/正面”，其反义词为behind“在后面”。in the front of也指位置，“在前部”，指一物体在另一物体的内部的前方，其反义词为at the back of“在后面”。3 3inin，insideinside，outsideoutside，intointo，out ofout of表示表示“里外里外”in“在内部”。inside“在里面，到里面”，反义词为outside“在外面”。into“到内”，反义词为out of“到外面”。50考点考点3 3 表方式介词的辨析表方式介词的辨析介词介词用法用法例句例句byby表示交通工具的名词He goes to sc

57、hool by bike.他骑自行车去上学。 byv.ing表示“通过方式”He learns English by listening to the radio.他通过听收音机学英语。inin语言类名词或具体工具Please speak it in English.请用英语说。Dont write it in pencil.不要用铅笔写。on通过收音机、电视等He is listening to music on the radio.他正在收音机上听音乐。with表示用某种工具用身体的某一部位或器官,Cut the bag with the knife.用刀子割开这个包。51考点考点4 4

58、常用介词的固定搭配常用介词的固定搭配1.1.介词名词介词名词at night 在夜里；at school 在学校；in the sun 在太阳下；in the end 最后；at the same time 同时；on time 按时；on foot 步行。2 2形容词介词形容词介词be late for 迟到；be afraid of害怕；be good for 对有好处；be famous for 因而出名；be different from 与不同。3 3动词介词动词介词ask for 要求；leave for动身去；send for派人去找；pay for付钱；wait for等待；a

59、gree with 同意。52考点考点5 5 近义介词辨析近义介词辨析1.besides / except1.besides / except(1)besides “除之外还有”，包括后面所提到的人或物。(2)except “除了之外”，表示不包括后面所提的人或物。2 2between / amongbetween / among(1)between表示两个人或物之间。(2)among表示三个或三个以上的人或物之间。3 3across / through / overacross / through / over(1)across表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行，指经过表面。(2)through

60、表示动作是在某一空间内进行，指穿过空间。(3)over指从物体上方跨越过去。4 4above / below / underabove / below / under(1)above“在上”，不与物体表面接触。(2)below“在下方”，不强调在其正下方，和above相对，意为“低于(温度、数值等)”。(3)under意为“在下方”，强调在垂直的下方。53十年真题十年真题全练全练考点考点1 1 表时间介词的辨析表时间介词的辨析十年来，潍坊市中考对介词考查了九次，主要面向地点介词、时间介词和方式介词这三个考点。地点、时间和方式介词仍是未来对于介词的考查方向。1.2013潍坊，18题When di