英语中考语法复习-名词

1、英语中考语法复习第一讲 名词（noun）中考重点：中考重点：1. 名词的数名词的数2. 名词的格名词的格3. 主谓一致主谓一致1. Each couple in China can have two_from January 1st, 2016.A. boy B. girl C. children D. child2. Can you speak Chinese, Steve? Yes, only_. I have been in China for only one month.A. few B. a few C. littleD. a little一、定义和分类名词：表示人、事物、地点的名

2、称或者抽象概念的词，分为专有名词和普通名词。 专有名词：表示具体的人、事物、地点、团体等的专有名称。专有名词的第一个字母要大写，人名、地名、公共节日及月份、周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词。如：Yao Ming, China, the Great Wall, March, September, New Years Day, Sunday，the Communist Party等。 普通名词：表示某种人、事物或抽象概念的名称，包括可数名词与不可数名词，可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，不可数名词没有单复数形式。普通名词：可数：不可数：个体名词,如map, house, horse, apple, pe

3、n等集体名词，如people, family, class, police等 物质名词，如 water, paper, air, milk，earth等 抽象名词，如help, happyness, beauty, information, weather等二、名词的数1、可数名词复数规则变化一般名词直接加-s，如：bookbooks，appleapples, mapmaps, hathats以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词加-es。如：busbuses，bossbosses，boxboxes，matchmatches brushbrushes以“辅音字母y”结尾的名词，变 y 为 i

4、 再加-es，如：citycities，babybabies，countrycountries，storystories以 f/fe 结尾的名词，通常先变 f/fe 为 v 再加-es，如：knifeknives，leafleaves，wolfwolves，wifewives，lifelives，shelfshelves, halfhalves, thiefthieves 记忆：小偷的妻子拿树叶当刀子,在架子后把狼劈成两半,结束了它的生命。以 O 结尾的，有生命的加-es, 无生命的加-s，如：加加-es: potatopotatoes, tomatotomatoes, heroheroes（

5、英雄）, NegroNegroes(黑人) 记忆：黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿。加加-s:pianopianos, photophotos, zoozoos小试牛刀： 请将下面的名词变为其复数形式:glass _ cup _ hero _match _ wife _ park _ factory _ knife _ brush _ leaf _ piano _ mouth _2、名词复数不规则变化 内部元音变化 manmen, womanwomen, footfeet, toothteeth， goosegeese(天鹅) 单复数同形 sheep, deer, people, means, Ch

6、inese, Japanese， species(种类)， works(工厂)其他 childchildren, mousemice(老鼠)只以复数形式出现pants, trousers(裤子)， glasses(眼镜)， chopsticks(筷子)，goods(商品)单复数意义不同fish 鱼 fishes鱼的种类people人 peoples民族glass玻璃 glasses杯子time时间 times时代orange橘汁；橘色 oranges橘子room空间，地方 rooms房间小试牛刀：1. Its very difficult for Americans to use _ to e

7、at.A. spoon B. knife C. chopstick D. chopsticks2. There are so many _ in the sea.A. water B. air C. fishes D.fishDC中考真题：中考真题：1. Each couple in China can have two_from January 1st, 2016.A. boy B. girl C. children D. child2. Can you speak Chinese, Steve? Yes, only_. I have been in China for only one m

8、onth.A. few B. a few C. littleD. a littleCD3.You are supposed to be more careful to make fewer_while you are writing.A. trouble B. matter C. mistakes D. problemsC3、不可数名词不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的，表示某种概念、状态、品质、感情或物质材料的名词。(1)表示材料，如：paper, wood, cotton(棉), glass, silk(丝), gold, metal(金属). (2)表示食物，如：food,

9、 meat, chicken, beef, fish, pork, drink, milk, juice, tea, orange, coffee, soda, soup, oil, salt. (3)表示自然，如：weather, wind, snow, rain, ice, fog, sunshine,grass, air, fire, smoke, light, universe, earth, sand.(4)表示学科、语言，如：Chinese, English, French, biology,geography, physics, maths(5) 表示抽象概念，如：time, w

10、ork, homework, housework,news, information, advice, fun, progress, knowledge, business (6)表示总称，如：clothing, furniture, fruit, luggage, equipment小试牛刀：1. They dont have to do _ today.A. much homework B. many homeworkC. many homeworks D. much homworks2. Physics_ a very difficult subject for me in the pa

11、st.A. is B. are C. was D. wereAC三、名词的格构成方法以s 结尾的复数名词加 “”不以S 结尾的复数名词加“s”表示“两者(或以上)共同所有”时，只需在最后一个名词后加“s”表示“两者(或以上)各自拥有”时，要在每一个名词后都加“s”名词所有格用来表示名词和名词之间的所属关系。1、一般所有格一般所有格 the bus door 公交车门 Teachers Day 教师节 Childrens Day 儿童节 Jim and Toms room is on the left. 吉姆和汤姆的房间在左边。 Jims room and Toms room are on th

12、e left. 吉姆的房间和汤姆的房间都在左边。2、双重所有格结构例句名词+ of + 名词所有格A friend of Toms will join un in the game.汤姆的一位朋友将和我们一起做游戏。This is a pen of my friends. 这是我朋友的钢笔。名词+ of + 名词性物主代词Some friends of mine are studying abroad. 我的一些朋友在国外留学。The book of hers is different from mine.她的书和我的不一样。小试牛刀：1. This is my English book. (

13、同义句转换) _2. 那是Amy的尺子。(翻译)_This is an English book of mine.That is Amys ruler.That is a ruler of Amys.直击中考：1. Each couple in China can have two_from January 1st, 2016.A. boy B. girl C. children D. child2. Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and_.A. some rice B. a few riceD. a little rices D. a riceCA3. Are there any_ in your school. Yes, there are.A. woman teacher B. women teacherC. women teachers D. teacher women4. The shop sells _ clothing at