专题讲解祈使句及练习

1、Last revision on 21 December 2020祈使句一祈使句的用法。1. 祈使句的概念。祈使句表命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱.号召等，谓语动词用原 形。主语you通常省略，句末用感叹号或句号，例如：Knock at the door before entering, please!进来时请敲门!（建议）Look out! There is a train coming.注意！火车来了！（提醒）Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking.请穿结实的鞋子，因为我们要 走许多的路。（叮嘱）Put on your coa

2、t at once. We must hurry.立刻穿上衣服,我们必须快点（命 令）Give blood if you can and many lives will be saved.如果你能，来献血吧，这会 挽救很多人的生命。（号召）2. 祈使句的分类。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句，第一人称祈使句和第三人称祈使句。二.第二人称祈使句是以听话人为祈使对象的祈使句，通常用来向听话者 发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来，而 是己动词原形开头，例如：Keep quiet, please!Open the door, please!Hurry up!3. 第一人称祈使句是一

3、第一人称代词作为祈使句的对象，这类祈使句通常是 以let为引导词表示建议。句子结构为let+me/us+动词原形，例如：Lef s go out and play!让我们出去玩吧。Let' s play a guessing game!我们来玩猜谜游戏吧。Let me have a look!让我来看一看。Let me tell you!让我来告诉你。4. 第三人称祈使句是以第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，以let为引 导词，句子结构为let+hini/Iier/it/thein/45词+动词原形，例如：Let liim be here by 10 o'clock.让他十

4、点前来这儿。Let her do it by herself.让他 10 点前来这儿。Let it go.让它去吧。典型例题用括号内动词的适当形式填空。Tom.(do) the homework now.解题思路：该题句首Tom后面有个逗号，说明是对Tom说话，后面的说话 内容是一个祈使句，应该用动词原形开头，用do,意思是“Tom,现在做作 业吧。”但是有的学生会忽略逗号。误以为是现在进行时的句子，填成is doing.三.否定的祈使句。1第二人称祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加don't或nevei，例如：Don't be nen'ous!你不要紧张！Don

5、9;t make any noise!都别吵人了！Never be late again.别再迟到了。Please don't forget to take your medicine.i青彳、要忘i己吃药。2第一人称祈使句的否定结构。是在动词原形前面加not,句型为let me/us/ not do sth.例如：Lefs not waste our time arguing about it!咱们别浪费时间争论这事了 ！Let's not say anything about it!这事咱们谁也别说!Let's not go back late.3第一人称祈使句的否

6、定结构，是在其句首加didn't例如：Doit let liim play with the fire.让他不要玩火！Doit let anyone come in.就让任何人进来！Don't let them play along the river.别让他们在河边玩。4“No+名词或动名词”结构表示禁止，一般用于指示、标牌、布告等，例如：No smoking!禁止吸烟！No spitting!不准随地吐痰！No litter!不准乱扔果皮纸屑！No entry!不许入内！No thoroughfare!禁止通行！No painting on the wall!墙上不准涂写！

7、No admittance except on business!非公莫人！典型例题将下列祈使句改成否定句。(1 )Lefs fly kites now.解题思路：第一人称祈使句的否定结构，在动词原形前面加not,句型为Let me/us not do sth.(2)Let him stay at home alone.第三人称祈使句的否定结构，是在其句首加don先不要和第一人称祈使句的否 定结构混淆起来。用动词的适当形式填空。(l)Alice,(not be) sad about it.解题思路：该题句首Alice后面有个逗号，说明是对Alice说话，后面的 说话内容是个祈使句，括号里“no

8、t be”提示为祈使句的否定形式，填dolt be,意 思是“Alice,不要为此而难过了。”但是有的学生会忽略逗号，填成isn't.过关演练I连词成句。,after , read, me,sit, please.003. here, come, and, the, blackboard, clean,go, and , stand, please,window, close, please,me, a yo-yo, buy, please,listen, me, carefully, pleaseJefs, liide-and-seek,make, lefs, mistakes, a

9、ny,dorf t late, class , for,me, give, some, cookies, please.them, don't, play, the, along, river,doit, lut，in, come,huny or, be, you41, late,the, electric, fan, on, pleaseII. 将下列祈使句改成否定句。,please her a hamburger.your teeth now.around the house.the baby laugh.the bird fly away.the dog stay in the

10、cage.9 get ready for the picnic.'s watch TV after supper.(cross the road together.the bed now.on your new shoes.them finish their work now.him do it by himself.III. 将下列祈使句改成肯定句。，t go there with them.take a sandwich with you.，t take liim to the fimfaii' with tomonow.5t turn on the TV.，t feed

11、the biid.，t wait for me.，t let her open the window.let them eat the sweetnot talk about the movie.'s not walk around the tree.IV. 照样子写句子。例如：Dont smoking.walking on the glass.，t make noise.，t litter.swim here.，t feed the animal.，t touch.，t climb the tree.，t paint on the wall. ，t jump off the wall

12、.，t pick flowers.，t take photos.，t eat or drink here.，t shout V. 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。is (lay) the table, please(give) me some water, please!(fill)the form, please, and(sign) your name here,(do) the washing up, please,(not be) worry. Pll(be) fine.，s(not make) any mistakes.let the dog(not follow)me.061. Let

13、's(not, chase) the dog. It's dangerous,and Lucy,(make) yourselves at home, please,(help) yourself to some fruit,(take) off your coat if you feel hot.5s(be) friends and(keep) in touchVI.选择填空o)066.me the book, pleaseA. PassB Passi ngC. To pass)067.make any noise They are having an examA. NotB.

14、 NoC Don't)068.Let'scamping this weekend.A. goB. goingC to go)069.let himcomputer games .It"'s bad for his eyeA. Not, playB. Don't, playC No, playing)070.with fire lts dangerousA. Don't playB. PlayC. Not play)071.Jack,paper plane for me now.A. makesB makeC. is making)072.Dad

15、,at homeA. doesn't smokeB. isn't smokingC. don't smoke)073.Let'sblow bubbles at homeA. don'tB. notC .no)074.Please go with us,A. don't youB. will youC won't you)075.Let me help you,A. won't youB. will youC. will 1)076.Let zstake a walk.A. shall weB. will youC. won'

16、;t you)077.Work hard,you cant pass the examA. andB. butC. or)078.Go straight ahead,you will see the bank.A. andB. butC. or)079.Put on your coat,you will catch ;a cold.A. soB. orC. and)080.Read more.you will know ai lot.A. andB. soC. orVII.用祈使句改写下列句子，并保持意思不变。mustn't eat or drink in classmustnt pl

17、ay football in the street.must listen to the teacher carefully in class.must finish your homework on time every day.cant take photos in the museum.cant climb the trees in the park.cant swim in the lake.cant jump off the wall.must keep quiet in the hospital.must follow the school Riles at school.cant walk on the grass in the park.can't give up learning English.VIII.根据中午提示，将下列句子翻译成英文，每空一词。093不要再太阳底下看书，这对眼睛不好。books in the sun. It's bad for your eyes094不要吃太多糖，这对牙齿不好。too ma