18版：(江苏)情态动词和虚拟语气

1、情态动词和虚拟语气感 悟 高 考 1 . （2016 浙江高考）Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths since their highest in 2005.A. had not fallenB. would not fallC. did not fallD. would not have fallen答案 D 句意：如果各国政府和科学家们不一起努力的话，与艾滋病相关的死 亡就不会自 2005 年的最高水平降下来。根据 Had the governments and scienti

2、sts not worked together可知事情发生在过去，因此是对过去情况的虚拟，主句用would have done形式。故选 D项。2. （2016 浙江高考）Georgetoo far.His coffee is still warm.A. must have goneB. might have goneC. can't have goneD. needn't have gone答案 C 句意：乔治不可能走远。他的咖啡还是热的。can't have done表示对过去否定的推测，意为 “不可能做了 , ”。 3. （2016 北京高考）1 love the

3、 weekend, because Iget up early on Saturdaysand Sundays.A. needn' tB. mustn'tC. wouldn ' tD. shouldn 't答案 A 句意：我喜欢周末, 因为每逢周六、周日我不需要早起。 A 项意为“不 需要” ；B项意为“禁止” ；C项意为“不会” ；D项意为“不应该”。根据句 意可知选 A 项。 4. （2016 北京高考）Why didn ' you tell me about your trouble last week? If you me, I could ha

4、ve helped.A. toldB. had toldC. were to tellD. would tell答案 B 句意：你上周为什么不告诉我你的麻烦。如果你告诉了我,我能够帮助你。根据last week可知事情发生在过去，因此是对过去情况的虚拟。根据主句谓语动词could have done可知，从句应用过去完成时 had dona故选B项。5. （2016 天津高考）lt was really annoying； Iget access to the data bank youhad recommended.A. wouldn 'tB. couldn 't C. sh

5、ouldn 't D. needn't答案 B 句意：这真的很让人恼火，我无法使用你推荐的那个数据库。根据句意可知应选could n' “不能够” 。wouldn' “不愿意” ;should n't “不应该”; needn't “ 不必” 。 6. （2016 天津高考）I was weari ng a seatbelt .If I had n' t been Wea_ing oneA. were injuredB. would be injuredC. had been injuredD. would have been injur

6、ed答案 D 根据 “was weari ng a seatbelf' “ If I had n't bee n weari ng one” 可判断 出，此处是对与过去事实相反的情况的虚拟，从句用了过去完成时，主句应用would have don6'结构。考 点 清 单情态动词考点一 can, could与 be able to的用法规则 ? 表示能力，意为“能，会”。The man can/couldspeak two foreign languages.那个人能说两门外语。Yesterday Iwas able toget home before the heavy

7、 rain.昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。规则？ can /could表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。How can you be so careless while driving?你开车时怎么这么粗心呢？规则？ can /could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?Yes， of course youcan.明天早晨我用一下你的自行车，行吗？ 当然可以。考点二 may与 might的用法 规则 ? 表示请求、允许时， might 比 may 的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用 mustn '，表示

8、“不可以”“禁止”“阻止”之意。May I play basketball this afternoon?No， you mustn'.t今天下午我可以打篮球吗？不，不行。规则？“ may/might as well +动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”，may/might well动词原形，意为“很可能”。If you think the price of beef is too high， you might as wellbuy some pork.It depends on you.如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。考点三 must 的用法规则 ? must 用于

9、否定句，表示“禁止”，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较 强烈。That car is my property；you mustn' use it without my permission.那辆车是我的财产，你必须得到我的允许才能使用。规则？ must表示必要性，意为“必须”。The children must be back by 4 o ' clock.孩子们必须在 4 点钟以前回来。规则？ must表示偏执、固执，意为“非得，偏要”。If you must go， at least wait until the storm is over.如果你非要走的话，至少等到暴风雨

10、结束。考点四 will 与 would 的用法规则 ? 表示请求、建议等， would 比 will 委婉客气。Would you mind opening the window for me?请你给我打开窗户好吗？规则 ? will 和 would 表示意志、愿望和决心。Why didn ' t you come to Simon' s party last night?I wanted to， but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.为什么你昨天晚上没来参加西蒙的聚会？我想去参加，但只是我妈妈不愿意让我

11、那么晚出去 规则 ? will 可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。考点五 shall, should与ought to的用法规则 ? shall 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对 方请示。Shall we put off the sports meet till next month? 我们能否将运动会推迟到下个月？ 规则? shall 用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、 允诺或威胁。It ha

12、s been announced that candidatesshall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.已宣布，在所有试卷收上来之前，应试者必须留在自己的座位上。 规则？ should表示义务、职责等，意为“应该”。You shouldbe strict with yourself as an officer. 作为一名官员，你应该严格要求自己。规则？ ought to表示应该。You ought not tobe late for such an important meeting. 这么重要的

13、会议你不应该迟到的。规则 ? shall 还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的“应该”。Whoever drives through a red light shall be fined at least 200 yuan.不论谁驾车闯红 灯，罚款至少 200 元。考点六 情态动词表推测的用法规则？ can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可 以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表 示推测，can'意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。On such a rainy day， accidentscan happen. 在这样的下雨天，有时会发生

14、事故。He can' htave left.His coat is here. 他不可能已经走了。他的外套还在这里。Mr Bush is on time for everyth ng.How can it be that he was late for the meet in g?布 什先生做什么事情都很准时。他怎么可能开会迟到呢？规则？ may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可 能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确 定的语气。What are you doing this Saturday?I ' m n

15、ot surebut I might go to the Rolli ng Stones con cert.本周六你打算干什么？还说不定，但我可能会去滚石音乐会。规则？ must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯 定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can /could)。Has Peter started ou? He said hewould go hiking with us.He must have started.He is a man of his word.Peter已经出发了吗？他说他会与我们一起去远足。肯定已出发了。他是一个信守诺言的人。规则？ shou

16、ld用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的 意思。She promised to come by 10 o.Sheshould/oughtto be here at any mome nt.她答应10点之前来的。她随时都可能来到。考点七 “情态动词+ have donG'的用法情态动词+ have done用法must have done一疋做过某事，其否疋形式为can t/couldntdonecan /could have done(1) 本来能够做但却未做(2) 可能做过某事can' t/couldn ' t have done不可能做过某事m

17、ay/might have done或许/可能做过某事should/ought to have done本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了needn' t have done做了本没有必要做的事情It must have rainedlast night, for the road was quite wet昨晚肯定下雨了，因为路 面十分潮湿。You needn' t have taken taxi here, for it was near my home.你本来不必打车来这里的，因为这里离我家很近。虚拟语气考点一 if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件从句从句的谓语形式

18、主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式（be的过去式用were）should/would/could/might + 动词原形表示过去情况had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词表示将来情况should+动词原形should/would/could/might + 动词原形动词过去式were to+动词原形If I were you， I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。If I saw/should see/were to seem tomorrow， I would invite him home.如果明天见到

19、他，我会邀请他到我家。考点二 错综时间条件句的虚拟语气和含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气规则？当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。If we had booked a table earlie，we wouldn' t be standinhpre in a queue如果我们 早一点订一张桌子，现在就不会站在这里排队了。规则？有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示， 而是由otherwise, but, or, without， but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出。Without your hel

20、p, I wouldn' t have succeededyway.=If you hadn ' t helped,mIewouldn ' t have succeeded anyv没有你的帮助，我无论如何也不会成功。考点三 名词性从句中的虚拟语气规则？用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中常见的动词有：dema nd, order，require，in sist, sugges，propose, advise, request, urge, comma nd, prefer, desire, recomme nd等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“ should+动

21、词原形”，should可以省略。一主帐二命令/rq rom ma n d三建址zHu 号月匕客 Hi<l v ii四要求/外加一个做促urgeThey in sisted that the boy S houiq go with them.他们坚决要求那个小男孩跟他们一起去。规则？用于主语从句中在 It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/ a pity/essentia+ that从句中，从句的谓语动词用“ should+动词原形”，should可 以省略。It is

22、 suggested that the meeting Should） be put off till next week.人们建议会议推迟到下周。规则？用于表语从句和同位语从句中在 suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。My idea is that we （should* think it over before accept ing it.我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。Your suggesti on th

23、at the door S hould） be shut whe n we leave is reason able尔的那个 当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。考点四 wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气规则？ 对现在情况的虚拟：wish +主语+动词过去式（be用were）I wish （that） I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.但愿我是一只小鸟，能在天 空自由飞翔。规则？ 对过去情况的虚拟：wish +主语+ had+过去分词I wish you had cometo the lecture. 但愿你当时来听报告了。规则？ 对将

24、来情况的虚拟：wish +主语+ would/could/might +动词原形We wish we would live on the moon one day. 但愿我们有一天能住在月球上。考点五 其他句型中的虚拟语气 规则 ? would rather 后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。用一般 过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。When my father is upse，he would rather weleft him alone当我的父亲烦恼的时候， 他更喜欢我们不打扰他。规则？ 在“ It is (about/high) time +

25、that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“ should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气，注意 should不可省略。It 's high time that wdevotedourselves to environmental protection. 是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。规则？ as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。It seems as though itwere spring already.看起来好像已经是春天了一样。规则? if only 引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。Look

26、 at the trouble we ' re in.If chadwaken our teacher ' s adV看看我们所处 的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！解 题 策 略1句型提示法 虚拟语气可以用在状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句中，在不同的从句中，虚拟 语气用不同的动词形式来体现，如： if 非真实条件句 (分三种情形 )， wish 后的宾 语从句， It is time that.的定语从句等。所以，掌握了各类从句中虚拟语气的动词 形式，就基本上掌握了虚拟语气的用法。If we the other road， we might have arrived he

27、re in time for the meeting.A takeBhad takenCtookD have taken答案 B 句意：如果我们走另一条路的话，我们或许能够及时到达这里参加这 次会议了。根据主句的谓语动词 might have arrived 可以推出，本句是与过去事实 相反的虚拟语气，所以 if 条件句中应该用过去完成时。 2特定词汇暗示法英语中某些短语如： If it were not for/had not been for, but for., if only., without 等， 往往要采用虚拟语气，它们对于解答试题有很大的帮助，掌握了这些要点知识， 做起题来也就

28、很容易了。Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don' t think we it without you.A can manageB could have managedCcould manageD can have managed答案 B could have done表示“本能够做某事（但没做）”。针 对 训 练I .单项填空1What's your feelingonw?I am terribly sorry.If only I here yesterday!AcameBwould have comeChave co

29、meD had come答案 D if only “要是,就好了”，从时间状语yesterday来看，这是对过去所发生事情的虚拟，所以用过去完成时。 2Johnson， come and look at the se！a It is beautiful， isn 't it? Absolutely！If only I here by the sea.AlivedBliveChad livedDwill live答案 A 由语境可知， if only 后的情形是与现在的事实相反，此时的谓语动词 用过去时。 3If passers-by a blind eye to the injured

30、 little Yueyue in Foshan，Guangdong， she alive now.A didn 't tu；rnwould beBhadn' t turne；d would beCdidn ' t tu；rnwould have beenDhadn' t turne；d would have been答案 D 由常识可知，小悦悦事件已是过去的事情，所以这是对过去发生的事情的虚拟，所以从句用过去完成时，即had done主句用would have dona 4It 'esverybody 'dsesire that every e

31、ffort to reduce the pollution in ourhometown.A was madeBbe madeCwill be madeDwould be made答案 B desire后的宾语从句及所在句子中的名词性从句，均应使用虚拟语气，虚拟形式为“should+动词原形”，其中should可省略，故选B项。5They must have enjoyed themselves ther，eotherwise they so long.Acan't have stayedBwouldn 't have stayedCcan't stayDwouldn&

32、#39;t stay答案 B 由must have enjoyec可知，otherwise后的情况是与过去的事实相反的， 故谓语动词应用 would have done。 6 more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet game，sIwould be sitting in a comfortable office now.AIf I devotedBHad I devotedCWould I be devotedDShould I be devoted答案 B 此处从句用过去完成时，表示与过去的事实相反，如果省略

33、if 要用倒 装句；主句用“would +动词原形”的形式，表示与现在的事实相反。7Grace doesn 't want to move to New York because she thinks if she t h e re,she wouldn 't be ablesetoe her parents very often.AlivesBwould liveChaving askedDwere to live答案 D 这是将来时的虚拟语气， 从句可用三种形式 lived， should live， were tolive，所以选D。8Lost our way in th

34、at small village, otherwise we more places of interestyesterday.A visitedBhad visitedCwould visitD would have visited答案 D 从时间状语yesterday知道是对过去的虚拟，前半句是个过去的客观事 实“我们在那个小山村迷路”，otherwise后半句是用对过去的虚拟 would have done, 答案为 D 项。 9Sorry, I am too busy now. If I time, I would certainly go for an outingwith you.

35、Ahave hadBhad hadChaveDhad答案 D 根据上下文可知，本句是对现在情况的虚拟， if 从句用过去式，主句用would +原形。10Happy birthday!Thank you! It's the best present I for.Ashould have wishedBmust have wishedCmay have wishedDcould have wished答案 D A 项意为 “本应该期望而实际上并非如此 ”；B 项意为“一定希望 ”；C 项意为“也许希望” ；D 项意为“可能希望” 。句意：生日快乐！ 谢 谢你！这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了

36、。根据句意可知，应选 D 项。 11Don't handle the vase as if it made of steel.AisBwereChas beenDhad been答案 B as if 从句中，对现在的虚拟用 were。 12Jack is a great talker.It h i'g hs t ime that he something instead of justtalking.Awill doBhas doneCdoDdid答案 D 在句型It 'high/very time that.中，从句中的谓语动词用 did或should do,所以选D项。13. If my carmore reliable, I would have drive n to Lhasa in stead of flyi nglast summer.A . wasB. had beenC. should beD. would be答案 B 根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done,选B。14. Had they known what was coming next theysecond thoughts.A . may