八年级下英语基本句型及语法

1、真诚为您提供优质参考资料，若有不当之处，请指正。八年级下英语基本句型及语法1. Kids will study at home on computers.表通过电脑、电视及广播等用介词on2. In ten years, I think I will be a reporter.In , after和later的区别in +时间段：与将来时连用He will be back in two hours.after +时间段：与过去时连用He came back after two hours. after +时间点：可与将来时连用He will be back after two o'c

2、lock. later只能接在时间段之后，即可用于过去时也可用于将来时。Some days later, he become well again.I will go back two days later.3. On the weekend, I will be able to dress more cusually.can , be able to.1)can表示“能力”时，和be able to相当，许多场合都可以互相替换。但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊说明，表示你有能力时，只能用be able to。Can you speak any foreign languag

3、es?=Are you able to speak any foreign languages?2).can 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时， 而be able to可用于各种时态。No one could / was able to answer this question.When he grows up, he will be able to support his family.他长大后就能养家了。 Frank is ill. He hasn't been able to go to school for one week. 弗兰克病了，已经一周没去上学了。 

4、;I'm sorry for not being able to help you in time.对不起，不能及时帮你的忙。 3).could经常和动词see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等连用。  When we went into the house, we could smell something burning.  当我们走进屋子时，我们闻到什么东西烧焦了。（不用was able to）  She spoke in a very low voice,

5、 but I could understand what she said.  虽然她讲话的声音很低，但我还是明白了她说的话。 4).在谈论说话时发生的动作，用can，不用be able to。  【误】Look! I'm able to swim.【正】Look! I can swim.看，我会游泳了！5).在用used to谈论过去用能力做某事，但现在失去了这个能力时，我们用be able to。如：I used to be able to play the violin.6).在谈论将来有能力做某事。我们用will be able

6、 toI will be able to speak English well in five years.语法： 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。常常与表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow, next week/ month/year, the day after tomorrow, in the future, this Sunday, in five days： 一、用will或shall表示。“助动词will或shall动词原形”这一形式，表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。在口语中will用于所有人

7、称，书面语中第一人称常用shall。如： 1. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。 2. The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。 3. Shall we go there at five? 我们五点钟去那儿，好吗？ 4. Will you please open the door? 请你把门打开，好吗？ 二、用be going to结构表示。“be going to动词原形”用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为“打算；就要”。如： 1. We're going to meet outsid

8、e the school gate. 我们打算在校门口见面。 2. Look! It's going to rain. 瞧！快下雨了。 三、用现在进行时表示。表示位置转移的动词（如：go, come, leave, start, arrive等），可用现在进行时表示将来时。如： 1. Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。 2. They're leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。 四、用一般现在时表示。根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作，在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用一般现在时表示将来时。如： 1. The new term sta

9、rts (begins) on August 29th. 新学期八月二十九日开学。 2. If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们将出去野餐。4. They agree it may take hundreds of years .hundreds of 的意思是“数以百计的，好几百的”，不能和具体的数词，如two, four等等连用，类似的还有：thousands of数以千记的, millions of 数以百万记的。They have planted hundreds of trees

10、. 他们种了数百棵树。There are millions of books in the library. 图书馆里有数百万的书。当要描述具体的有几百时可以用“数词+hundred”来表示。例： There are five hundred students in our school.5. My parents want me to stay at home every night.want sb to do sth. 想要某人做某事。6. I dont have enough money.enough的用法小结：1） 用作代词：作主语或宾语。如：Enough has been said

11、on this subject. 关于这个问题我说得够多的了。You have done more than enough. 你已做得够多了。 I have had enough. Thank you. 我吃的已经够多的了，谢谢。2）形容词作定语：enough用在名词前、后都可以。又如：I have enough time to do the work. / I have time enough to do the work. 我有足够的时间做此项工作。3）用作副词修饰形容词或副词表示程度：enough一般放在形容词或副词的后边。如：long enough, easy enough, fast

12、 enough, quickly enough等。The boy is old enough to go to school. 这孩子到上学的年龄了。He couldnt run quickly enough to catch up with the cat. 他跑的速度太慢，追不上猫。4）用作副词修饰动词时也需放在动词之后。如： The meat is not cooked enough. 肉炖得不够熟。7. You should give him a ticket to a ball game.名词所有格一般在词尾加s或用Of来表示， 但是有少数几个是要用to来表示所有格的。A ticke

13、t to a ball gameThe answer to the question.8. You can borrow some money from your brother.borrow 和lendborrowfrom从某人处借进某物。lend to把某物借给某人。He borrowed a book from me yesterday.= I lent a book to him yesterday.9.Everyone else in my class was invited except me.except 指在整体中除去一部分 We all succeeded except To

14、m.除了汤姆，我们都成功了。（成功的人中没有汤姆） besides 除.之外（还有.或外加.） We all succeeded besides Tom.除了汤姆成功外，我们也都成功了。（成功的人中包括汤姆）但是当besides用在否定句中时，意思等同于except。 I don't care for anything besides this.除了这个外，我不要别的了。10. I dont know what to do.疑问词+不定式疑问词后面可接带 to 的动词不定式构成特殊的不定式短语，这一结构在句中可作主语、表语、动词宾语、双重宾语、介词宾语等成分。能够接不定式的疑问词常用的

15、有who, which, what, when, where, how等，此外，whether 后面也可接带 to 的动词不定式。一、"疑问词不定式"的用法1. 作主语，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。例如：Where to go tomorrow has not been decided. 明天到什么地方去尚未决定How to divide labor among the workers is still a question. 这些工人之间如何分工仍是个问题。2 作宾语能够接"疑问词不定式"作宾语的动词常用的有advise, ask, conside

16、r, decide, discuss, explain, forget, know, learn, remember, show, teach, tell, wonder等。例如：He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. 他得学会收集淡水、寻找食物，生火什么的。3. 作双宾语某些动词后面可接"sb.疑问词不定式"构成的双重宾语，这类动词常用的有advise, ask, show, teach, tell等。例如：He will advise you what to do. 他会建议

17、你们做4作表语Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends. 也许最难熬的挑战，就是生活中孤独无友。The question is which to choose. 问题是挑选哪一个。11 The tired children dont get home until 7 pm.not until 直到 才He didnt go to bed until 11 pm last night. 他昨天晚上直到11点才睡觉。12. Children may find it hard to think for

18、 themselves when they are older.It 作形式宾语的用法：主语+ 谓语+ it + adj. + to do sth.I think it important to study English well.13. What was he doing when the UFO landed ?过去进行时：1）.表示过去某一时间内（正在）进行的动作 I was doing my homework at 9 p.m. last Sunday. It was raining outside 2）.表示一动作正在进行时，另一动作同时正在进行. (1)用while连接（whil

19、e只接doing）（注：如果主句和从句都是一般过去时，可以用while连接两个句子） My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持续动作时态一致) (2）when表示（when可以接doing或did，when后动作时间长，用doing，时间短，用did） I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(间接表达了具体时间) 3）.重复的动作 When he worked here, John was always making mistakes. 4）.表示过去将要发生的动作

20、She told us Mr. Lee was arriving here. 14Im mad at Marcia. -She said she was mad at Marcia.直接引语变间接引语一、如何变人称：学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "She said her brother wan

21、ted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worke

22、r。"Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：1)She said. "I have lost a pen."She said she had lost a pen2)She said. "We hope so."She said they hoped so.3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"She

23、said he would go to see his friend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said. "John

24、, where were you going when I met you in the street?"Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时

25、态不变。如：He said, "I get up at six every morning。" He said he gets up at six every morning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：Peter said. "You had better come here today。" Peter said I had better go there that day。三、

26、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：He said, "These books are mine." He said those books were his.四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minute

27、s."She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" He asked John if he could swim."You have finished the homework, havent you?" my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished

28、 the homework."Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?" She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, o

29、rder, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如："Dont make any noise," she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”

30、如：He said, "Lets go to the film." He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film. 15. I had a really hard time with science this semester.have a hard time with sth. / (in)doing sth. （做）某事有困难He had a hard time with English last year.15. If you go to th

31、e party, you will have a great time.由if引导的条件状语从句条件状语从句是在复合句中作条件状语的句子。表示假如有从句的动作发生就会有主句的动作发生。条件状语从句常由从属连词if引导。 一、位置 if引导的条件状语从句，既可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后。当从句置于主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开。例如： You will catch the bus if you get up early. =If you get up early, you will catch the bus. 二、时态 应遵循主、从句时态呼应的原则。1)当主句是一般现在时 (包含祈使句和含情

32、态动词can, may, must等的句子)，从句也用一般现在时。例如： You must see the doctor if you are ill. 如果你生病了，你必须去看医生。 If you want to go skating, wear warm clothes. 如果你想去滑冰，穿上暖和点的衣服。2)当主句为一般将来时， 从句用一般现在时（即主将从现）。You will get good grades if you study hard.15. When is a good time to have the party ?此句是由不定式作定语不定式作定语，要放在被修饰词的后面.

33、Do you have something to eat ?若不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后必须带一个结构或意义上需要的介词。Will you please bring me a chair to sit on ?16. How long have you been skating ?have + been + v-ing:现在完成进行时。（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 I have been learning English since three years ago. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去） （二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正

34、在进行的动作。 We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，还继续等)（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。 They have been living in this city for ten years. They have lived in this city for ten years. 他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。 I have been working here for five years. I have worked here for five years. 我在这里已经工作

35、五年了。 （四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。 I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去） 我一直在写一本书。 I have written a book.（动作已经完成） 我已经写了一本书。 They have been building a bridge. 他们一直在造一座桥。 They have built a bridge. 他们造了一座桥。 （五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。 I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了。 而不能用： I have been knowing. 这类不能用于

36、现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢， hate讨厌，等。for和since的区别for :后只能接时间段. I have been doing my homework for two hours.since：1）后接时间点. I have been doing my homework since two oclock. 2）后接表时间的从句 I have been studying English since I was eight years old. 3）后接时间表段+ ago. I have been studying English since seven years

37、ago.17. Would you mind turning down the music ?1）当你自己想要干某事，询问别人意见是：Do you mind+形容词性物主代词（my等）+doing sth.?Do you mind my turning off the radio?回答：介意：yes, I do. 不介意：No./Of course not./等2）.当你想要别人为你做某事时：Do you mind doing sth. ( for me)?回答： 介意： sorry, I don not like to. 不介意：that's all right等18 The pen

38、 I bought didnt work.Sth doesnt / didnt work = there is something wrong with 某物坏了。19. why dont you get her a scarf ?why dont you + v = why not + v ? 为什么不?向别人提出建议的句型还有:1） what / how about + n / v-ing? How about getting her a scarf? 买条围巾送给她怎么样？2） You should/could + v. You should lie down and rest

39、.3） Youd better ( not ) do something. 你最好做/ 不做某事。 20. Whats the best gift you have ever received ?receive 和accept.receive只表示被动地接受accept总表示主动而且高兴地接受I received an invitation but I didnt accept it .21. In the USA, some people ask their family and friends to give money to charity rather than buy them gi

40、fts.1）. rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather.than.”句式，意思是“宁愿而不愿”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如：She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。2）. rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是而不是；与其不如”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。He is an explorer rather than a sailor。连接两个名词You rather than I

41、are going to go camping。连接两个代词。注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap。连接两个形容词。She enjoys singing rather than dancing。连接两个动名词。I decided to write rather than (to) telephone。连接两个不定式。22. instead的用法：instead of是短语介词，意思是“代替”、“

42、而不是”（=in place of, as an alternative of substitute for）.它后面一般接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语作它的宾语。例如：Shall we have fish instead of meat today?我们今天吃鱼不吃肉，好吗？Give me the red box instead of the yellow one.把那个红色的盒子给我，不是这个黄色的。instead单独使用时，与instead of不同，instead 是副词，意思是“代替”、“顶替”(=in place of that)。Last summer I went to Qin

43、gdao. This summer Im going to Dalian instead.23. Have you ever been to an amusement park ?现在完成时：现在完成时（Present perfect）过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done) 肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. 否定句：主语+have/has +not+动词的过去分词+宾语. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组

44、+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） 定义：（1） 强调动作是过去发生的 （2） 强调对现在的影响或结果 （3） 在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响。 但过去分词一定要选择准确用法：（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用

45、行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注：瞬间动词（buy, die, join, lose）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead 1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) t

46、his bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on24 Me, too. Me, neither.Me, too. 用于表

47、示和上句一样的肯定。表“我也是。”Me, neither. 用于表和上句同样的否定，表“我也不是”I have never been to Beijing. -Me, neither.I like playing basketball. -Me, too.25. One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round.此句中包含了一个表语从句。表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。表语：说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容

48、词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how.He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。This was why he cried yesterday. 这就是昨天他为什么哭。265The train is always late

49、, isnt it ?反意疑问句：在一个陈述句后加上一个简短的问句，“前肯后否或前否后肯”。1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I. I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I? 2) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。 The Swede made no answer, did he / she? Some plants never blown (开花), do they ? 3) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 4) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you? You'd better read it by y