北京导游词：六大景点英文导游词之天坛

1、北京导游词：六大景点英文导游词之天 坛 北京导游词LadiesandGentlemen:welcometothetempleofHeaven.preservedculturalheritagesofChin a.Therearebasicallytwoindsofvisitorswhocomehere:localpensio nerswhodoexerciseshereinthemorningandeveningandsightseersbo thfromhomeandabroad.Allinall,thereare12millionvisitorsveryy ear.Noearegoingt

2、ogoalongtheroutethatleadstothealter.Itwillt aeroughlyonehour.mindyou,theemperoralsowaledalongthisroutet opaytributetotheGodofHeaven.ThelargestgroupofarchitecturesevertobededicatedtoHeaven,the TempleofHeavenservedasanexclusivealtarforChinesemonarchsdur ingthemingandQingdynasties.Itwasdecreedthatruler

3、sofsuccessi vedynastieswouldplacealtarsintheirowncapitalstoworshipHeave nandprayforgoodharvest.ButwhyTheancientChinesebelievedthatHeavenwasthesupremeruleroftheu niverseandthefateofmanind,andthusworshipingritesdedicatedtoHeavencameintobeing.TheHeaventheancientChinesereferredtowas actuallytheUniverse,

4、ornature.Inthosedays,therewerespecficri tesofworship.ThiswasespeciallytrueduringthemingandQingdynas tieswhenelaborateceremonieswereheld.TheTempleofHeavenwasbuiltin1420duringthereignofEmperoryoung leofthemingDynasty.Situatedinthesouthernpartofthecity,thisg randsetofstructurescoversanareaof273hectares

5、.Tobettersymbol izeheavenandearth,thenorthernpartoftheTempleiscircularwhile thesouthernpartissquare.Thewholecompoundisenclosedbytwowall s,asquarewalloutsidearoundone.Theouterareaischaracterizedby suburbanscenery,whiletheinnerpartisusedforsacrifices.Theinn erenclosureconsistsoftheHallofPrayerforGoodH

6、arvestandtheCir cularmoundAltar.theCircularmoundAltarisenclosedbytwowalls,eachcontainingfou rgroupsofSouthernLatticeStarGate,eachinturnconsistingofthre edoors,with24marbledoorsaltogether.Standingonthepassagefaci ngnorth,youwillnoticethatwitheachpairofdoorsonisnarrowertha ntheother.Thisreflectsthefeu

7、dalhierarchy:thewiderdoorwasres ervedformonarchs,whilethenarroweronewasusedbycourtiers. onthedayoftheceremony,theemperorwoulddonhisritualcostumeand beusheredinbytheofficialinchargeofreligiousaffairs.Heascend edthethreeterracesintheforefronttopaytributeatthealter.wearenowonthetopterraceoftheAltar,ort

8、hethirdterrace.Eachter racehasaflightof9steps.Atthecenterofthisterraceliesaroundst onesurroundedby9steps.Atthecenterofthisterraceliesaroundsto nesurroundedby9concentricringsofstone.Thenumberofstonesinth efirstringis9,inthesecond,18,upto81inthe9thring.Eventhenumb erofcarvedbalustradesontheseterracesi

9、samultipleeof9.ButwhyAccordingtoancientChinesephilosophy,yinandyangweretwoopposi ngfactors.HeavenandtheoddnumbersbelongedtoyangwhiletheEarth andevennumbersbelongedtoyin.Ninewasthelargestheavenlynumber accessibletoman.whatismore,theancientpeoplealsobelievedthat heavenconsistedofninelayersandthattheem

10、peror'sabodewasonthe uppermosttier.oncemorelooattheroundstoneinthecenter.Theupperterraceisnine zhangincircumference,whilethemiddleis15zhang,thelower,21zhang.Classifiedasyangnumbers,thesumofthesenumeralsis45zhangwh ichwasmeanttosymbolizedsuccess.whatismore,byapplyingtheconc eptofoddnumbersandstre

11、ngtheningnineanditsmultiples,theconce ptofheavenwasthusillustratedandrealized.Theconceptofninewil lalsobementionedwhenwevisitsomeotherbuildings.NowIwillgiveyouabriefaccountofwhathappenedhereannuallyonthe InterSolstice.ThememorialtabletdedicatedtoHeavenwouldbesetu ponthenorthsideoftheterrace,whiletab

12、letsdedicatedtotheemper or'sancestorswouldbeenshrinedontheflans.Theservicewouldbegi naround4o'clocinthemorning.Allofthelanternswouldbelit.Inthe foreground,asacrificialcalfisbeingbarbecued.onthesquareinfr ontofthealtar,theemperor,underheavyescortofnearlyathousandc ourtiers,princesofroyalblood

13、,musicians,dancersanduniformeds oldiers,wouldslowlyascendthealtartooffersacrificeandprayinh onorofHeaven.whentheservicedrewtoaclose,thesacrificeoffered infrontofthememorialtabletswouldbeincinerated.Allofparticip antswouldwatchthethicsmoeriseupwardasiftheywereseeingGodoff .musicanddancingwouldfolloIn

14、theend,theemperorwouldreturntot heForbiddenCitysecureinthebeliefthathewouldbeblessedandprot ectedbyHeavenuntilthenextwinterSolstice.Itisinterestingtonotethat,thestoneintheverymiddleofthealtar wasofmajorimportance,sinceitwaswheretheemperorusedtostandto sayhisprayer.Thestone,whichisnownastheGod'sh

15、eartStone,ispec uliarinthatitischaracterizedbyaspecificacousticphenomenon:i tmadetheemperor'svoiceclearerandlouder,thusaddingtothemysti catmosphereoftheservice.youcantrythisoutbyyourself.thisstructureisnownasHeaven'sStorehouse.Itisenteredthrought heGateofglazedTiles.Theroofing,beams,andbrace

16、tsareallmadeof glazedtilesorbrics.Thisistheonlystructureofitsindinchinatoday.theHeaven'sStorehousewaswherememorialtabletsdedicatedtotheg odswereept.DouglasHurd,aformerBritishforeighsecretary,onces aid,“ GodattendstoHisaffairsontheCir4cularmoundAltarbutstayshere. ” Nowlet'sgointotoseeitthisis

17、theImperialVaultofHeaven,themainstructureofHeaven'sSt orehouse.Itwasbuiltin1530andis17metersinheightand19metersindiameter.Thestructurefeatureblueroofstoppedbyagildedball,an dcarvedwoodendoorsandwindows.Itisdecoratedwithcoloredpainti ngs.Foundedona3-meter-hignroundmarbleterrace,thebuildingals ofe

18、aturesagiganticcarvedmarbleramplaidinthestonestaircasele adinguptothefrontentrance.Therampiscarvedin“TwodragonsPlayingwithapearldesigninrelief.wewillenterthemainhallbygoingupthestonestair caseontheeasternside.thearchofthehallisbuttressedby16giantpillarsontworings.onto pofthepillarstherearegiltbracet

19、ssupportingacircularcaisson, orcoveredceiling.Theceilingischaracterizedbyagoldencoilingd ragondesign.The8pillaroftheinnerringarepaintedscarletanddec oratedwithgoldenlotuses.Tothenorthofthehallthereisamarblepedestal.Atopit,upawoodenf lightof9steps,iswherethemajortabletdedicatetoHeavenwasenshr ined.on

20、eachflanfourtabletsareenshrinedinhonoroftheancestors oftheQingemperors.Intheannexhallinhornoroftheancestorsofthe Qingemperors.Intheannexhallsinthecourtyard,therearetabletsd edicatedtothedeitiesofthesun,moon,constellation,cloud,rain, windandthunder.Asidefromexquisitelylaidoutarchitectures,Heaven'

21、sStorehouse isalsofamousfortwostructureswithpeculiaracousticfeatures,i.E.theEchowallandtheTriple-SoundStone.Amerewhisperatanypoint closetothewallcanbeheardclearlyontheotherside,althoughthepa rtiesmaybe40or50metersapart.Thisispossiblebecausethewallisr oundandhermeticallyconstructedwithsmooth,solidbri

22、cs.InfrontofthestepsleadingawayfromthehallsistheTripleSoundSto ne.Ifyoustandonthefirststoneandcalloutorclapyourhands,theso undwillechoonce;onthesecondstone,thesoundwillbeheardtwice;a ndonthethirdstone,thesoundwillrepeatthreetimes.Hencethename.theTempleofHeavenisalsofamousforitscypresstrees-therearem

23、or ethan60,000cypresstreesinall,amongwhichover4,000aremorethan onehundredyearsold,addingtothesolemnatmosphereofthetemple.T histallcypresswasplantedmorethan500yearsago.Itsthicbranches andtwistingtrunresemblingninecoilingplayfuldragons;thusitis nownastheNine-Dragoncypress.Itissaidthatthistreewashereto

24、we lcomethemonarchs.Nowitisheretowelcomevisitorfromalloverthew orld.noearebacagainontheCentralAxis.Thisbric-archedgateisnownasC hengzhen.ThisgateisthenortherngateoftheCircularmoundAltaran dtheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvest.TheHallofPrayerforGoodHarves tissituatedattheextremeendoftheaxis.Itwasusedbytheem

25、perorin thefirstmonthofeverylunaryearforservicesdedicatedtogoodharv est.enteringtheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvest,wesetfootonaraisedpas sage360meterslong,whichtheemperoralsotootoproceedtothehall. Thisbroadnorth-southwalway,calledDanbiqiao,connectsthetwose tsofmainbuildingintheTempleofHeavenandconstitute

26、sasingleaxi s.Thepassageisdividedintoleft,controlandrightpathsbythecrossa rrangementofslabs.ThecentralandthewidestpathisnownasHeavenl yThoroughfare,whichwasreservedexclusivelyforGod;nobody,incl udingtheemperor,wasallowedtosetfootontoit.Theemperorusedthepathontheeast,whichisnownastheImperialwal.Themi

27、nistersandpr incesusedtheoneonthewest.Interestingenough,thereisnowalwayl eftforordinarypeople.ThisisbecausetheTempleofHeavenusedtobe off-limitstothem.Contrarytoappearances,thiswalwayisnotabridgeatall.ButhowsoT hisroadis4metersabovethegroundandthereisacavernunderneathth atwasreservedforsacrificialoxe

28、nandsheep.Thecattlewereslaugh teredataslaughterhouseabout500metersawayandbroughthereforsa crifice.Allinall,itcanbesaidthiswalwaydidserveasbridgeandca nbelooeduponasthefirstcloverleafinBeijing.Looingbacatthethoroughfare,youmayrealizethatthiswalisgainin gheighttowarditsnorthernend.Aspeopleapproachthea

29、rchitectura lgroupoftheHallofPrayerforgoodHarvest,theflaninggrovesofcyp ressrecedeandperspectivewidens.HereyouareinHeaven.themarbleterraceupaheadiscalledjufutai,orCostumeChangingTer race.ItislocatedtotheeastoftheRedStairwayBridgeandcoversasp aceof25squaremeters.IThasmarbleSlabbalustrades.Thedaybefor

30、e theservice,officialsinchargewouldputupayellowsatintentonthe terracefortheemperortochangeoutofhisyellowdragonrobeintoblu eceremonialclothes.Aftertheservice,theemperorwouldreturntot hetentandchangebacintohisimperialrobebeforereturningtothepa lace.thisstructureiscalledtheGateofPrayforGoodHarvest.weca

31、ncatch aslightglimpseofthecentralbuilding,theHallofPrayerforGoodha rvest,thoughthecolonnadeoftheGate.Agiganticandloftygroupofb uildings,thecomplexincludestheGateofPrayerforGoodHarvest,th ehallofprayerforgoodharvest,easternandwesternannexhalls,the HuanqianLongcorridor,Heavenitchen,slaughterhouse,etc.

32、theannexhallsweresymmetricallybuiltona1.5-meter-hignbric-an d-marbleterrace,tosetofftheloftinessandmagnificenceofthemai nhall.Thisuniquebuilding,38metersinheight,ischaracterizedby acone-shapedstructurewithtripleeavesandatopthatiscrownedbya giltball.Theroofingismadeofblueglazedtiles,thecolorofthesy.U

33、nderneaththeroof,thebeamsandbracetaredecoratedwithcoloredp aintings.Thebaseofthestructureisatriple-tiered,circularmarb leterrace.Atadistance,theterracelooslieagigantic,spiralingc loudwiththestructureperchedontopofit.TodaythehallofprayerforgoodharvestisthehallmarofBeijing,whi chenjoysaprolongedhistor

34、yofcivilization.Thebaseofthehallisatriple-tiered,circularmarbleterrace,whic his90metersindiameterand6metersinheight,coveringaspaceof4,0 00squaremeters.meticulousaccuracywasgiventothelayoutofthest ructure.Inthemiddleofeachthree-tieredflightofstairs,thereis agiantmarblerampcarvedincloud,dragonandphoen

35、ixdesigns.Toset offtheramps,thetopofthebalustradesanddownpipesaredesignedwi thcorrespondingfloralscrolls.Insouthernpartofeachtier,agiga nticbronzeincenseburnerisplaced.Sandalwoodwasburntinthemwhe nriteswereobserved.climbingupthismarbleterrace,weseethemainhall,amasterpieceof ancientChina.Looingupyouw

36、illseethecaisson,orcoveredceiling, characterizedbycomplexdesignsofdragonsandphoenixes.Inandout ,thehallisdecoratedwithcoloreddrawingofdragonsandphoenixes.withouttheuseofsteel,cementandnail,andevenwithouttheuseofbi gbeamsandcrossbeams,theentirestructureissupportedby28massiv ewoodenpillarsandnumberofb

37、ars,laths,jointsandrafters.Thefou rcentralpillars,calledthedragon-wellPillars,are19.2metershi ghandpaintedwithdesignsofcompositefollowers,representingthe fourseason.Therearetworingsof12scarletpillarseach.Theinnerr ingrepresentsthe12monthsandtheouterringsthe12divisionsofthe dayandnight.Betweenthetwor

38、ingsthereare24partitionedspacesto marthesolartermsoftheChineselunaryear.Thepillars,28innumber ,alsorepresentthe28constellationsintheuniverse-theancientCh inesebelievedthattherewere28constellationsthatmadeupthesy.Thecenterofthestone-pavedfloorisaroundmarbleslab,whichis88. 5centimetersindiameter.Inter

39、estingly,theslabfeaturesnatural blacandwhiteveins,correspondingtothedragon-phoenixdesignont heceiling.ThisparticularslabisnownastheDragon-phoenixstonea ndisregardedasatreasureinseparablefromthehall.Thefurnishingswithinthehallareplacedintheiroriginalposition sdatingbactowhenEmperorXianfengruled.Intheforefrontandabove thethroneareenshrinedtabletsincommemorationofHeaven.oneithe rtableoneachsidetabletsoftheemperor'sancestorswereplaced.Ea chtabletisfrontedbyanaltar.Atotalof24indsofofferingweremadeonit,includingsoup,wine,assortedcereals,