最新华工化工过程安全答案

1、诚信应考,考试作弊将带来严重后果!华南理工大学期末考试化工过程安全工程试卷 A）题 答 不 内 线 封 密注意事项：1.考前请将密封线内填写清楚；2.所有答案请直接答在试卷上（或答题纸上）;线3考试形式：闭卷；3、 明火设备应集中布置在装置的边缘，应远离可燃气体和易燃、易爆物质的生产设备及储槽，并应布置在这类设备的 下风向。（F ）4、 闪点W 28 C的液体的火灾危险性分为甲类。（F ）5、 乙醇、乙醚混合液体中加入杂质水，会极大地降低液体的闪点，使液体的燃烧爆炸 性危险显著增加。（F ）6、 利用甲醚作为蒸汽锅炉的燃料，此时锅炉房的火灾危险性为甲类。（F ） 甲醚闪点-41C7、甲、乙、丙

2、类仓库内严禁设置办公室、休息室等，并不应贴邻建造。（F ）8、 泄压设施宜采用轻质屋面板、轻质墙体和易于泄压的门、窗、玻璃等。（F ）密 9、 工厂消防用水量应为发生最大可能的火灾时的灭火用水量。（F ）10、防火间距计算方法是从建筑物外墙凸出部分算起；铁路的防火间距，是从邻近一边 的路边算起；公路的防火间距是从道路中心线算起。（F ）二、选择题（有一项以上是正确的，每题3分，共30分）1、乙醇属于（）危险化学品。乙醇闪点12CA.甲类v 28C B .乙类28到60 C .丙类602、锅炉的三大安全附件分别是安全阀、 （ ）与水位表。A.电表 B.温度计 C .压力表3、在化工厂中比较容易形

3、成爆炸性气体环境。根据爆炸和火灾危险环境电力装置设计规范（GB50058-1992）,对于生产、加工、处理、转运或贮存过程中出现或可能出现（）之一时，应进行爆炸性气体环境的电力设计。 （第2. 1. 1 条）A 在大气条件下，易燃气体、易燃液体的蒸气或薄雾等易燃物质与空气混合形成爆炸性 气体混合物；B 闪点低于环境温度的可燃液体的蒸气或薄雾与空气混合形成爆炸性气体混合物；C闪点等于环境温度的可燃液体的蒸气或薄雾与空气混合形成爆炸性气体混合物；4、 甲、乙类生产（）设在建筑物的地下室或半地下室内。A.不宜B .不应 C .可以5、 甲醇溶液的火灾危险性分类的依据是（） 。A.闪点 B.爆炸浓度极

4、限C .物质系数6、 （）类的液体仓库应设置防止液体流散的设施。 P64A . 甲 B. 乙 C. 丙 D. 丁7、低闪点液体的闪点是（）C。A、小于15 B 小于-18 C 、小于23 D、小于288、 室外消火栓的间距不应大于（）米。A 、 90 B 、 100 C 、 110D 、 1209、 爆炸性混合物的（）能影响爆炸极限范围。A、温度B、压力C、含氧量 D、火源能量10、 危险化学品的贮存方式有（）A 、单个贮存B、隔离贮存 C 、隔开贮存 D 、分离贮存ACABCBAABCBDABCDBCD三、Short Answer Questions(20 points ,10 points

5、 each)1. what are the inherent safer design strategy during the stage of process research.to use the non-combustible materials to replace the combustible mass; to Replaces virulent or the high poisonous material with non-toxic either the low poisonous material; to uses the low corrosive material.to

6、use the new craft route to avoid danger raw material or the intermediary product; to uses the catalyst or a more effective catalyst; to reduced side reaction harmto depressurize with the temperature ； to reduces the reaction medium density2. Analyze the possible measures that can be taken to control

7、 the chemical process material safety. Substitution or controling the amountStrengthen airtightVented exhaustDeactivationGas stre ngth mon itori ng and warningSpecialized material process ing四、五、Essay Questions （ 30 points ,15 points each ）1. A plant was doing a pneumatic pressure test （气压测试）on a pi

8、pe connected to a tank （槽）.There was no bli nd flange （法兰堵头）betwee n the pip ing being tested and the tank. The tankwas isolated from （隔开） the pressurized piping with a closed block valve （断流阀）.The block valve leaked （漏的），allowing the pressure from the pneumatic test to leak into the tank. The tank

9、（which either did not have a pressure relief device （泄压装置）in stalled, or the pressure relief device was too small） was overpressured, and it failed at the bottom. The tank lifted into the air and came to rest on the top of the pla nt.Please an alyze the safety problems duri ng the pressurizatio n pr

10、essure operati ons and discussi on on the corresp onding cou ntermeasures （对应策略） and measures.During pressure tests, or any other maintenance （维护） or non-routine activities involvingpressure, make sure that all equipment is capable of withstanding （能够禁得起）the test pressure,is positively isolated from

11、 the source of pressure, or has adequately （足够的） sized pressure relief devices for the testi ng con diti ons.Equipme nt can be protected from being overpressured more reliably by using bli nds, or by physically disc onn ect ing pip ing, rather tha n using valves to isolate the equipme nt from pressu

12、re.Do a process safety review before starting any non-routine operations to identify potential hazards and required safeguards duri ng the operati on.Keep workers away from the area where pressure testi ng operati ons are being con ducted.If possible, pressure test lines using liquid pressure （hydro

13、static pressure） rather than pneumatic (gas) pressure - the energy which can be released from a liquid overpressure is MUCH LESS tha n from a gas overpressure.2. Here s whhappened.In Fig.(a), when steam cleaning the interior of a railcar most of the air was displaced. When work was stopped at the en

14、d of the day all valves were closed. As the car cooled, the steam conden sed, creati ng a vacuum, caus ing the railcar to collapseIn Fig.(b), During painting, a tank vacuum relief valve was covered with plastic to prevent potential contamination of the contents. When liquid was pumped out the plasti

15、c covering prevented air/nitrogen from replacing the liquid volume. A vacuum developed leading to the partial collapse of the tank.(a)(b)a. Please an alyze the COMMON causes of vacuum damage to tanks .b. What is the measures to preve nt equipme nt damage from vacuum?ANSWERa. COMMON causes of vacuum

16、damage to tanks in clude:The vessel has in sufficie nt stre ngth to withsta nd a vacuum; a vessel with a higher pressure rati ng is freque ntly capable of withsta nding a full vacuum;vacuum is created when liquid is transferred from a vessel or when hot vapor conden ses, n either of which is replace

17、d by air/n itroge n or other non-conden sable material. a vacuum relief system is not prese nt or is not functioning properly.b. Th ings to con sider to preve nt equipme nt damage from vacuum:in stall a system to provide vacuum relief. As one of the pictures graphically dem on strates, railcars and

18、trucks MAY NOT have this equipment. These devices will allow air to enter the vessel and preve nt vacuum formati on.if in stalled, vacuum relief devices must be in spected and tested on a regular basis. They are just as critical as pressure relief devices.un dersta nd which vessels in your departme nt are not rated for full vac