语法专题之宾语从句

1、语法专题之宾语从句宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that弓I，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，弓I导词后陈述式。一、基本讲解1概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing.(动词宾语)He asks him how long Mike has been down .( 动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.(介词宾语)2. 连接词(1).陈述句转化成

2、宾语从句时，引导词用that, 口语中常常省略。e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.以whether或if引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的 宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg, I won der if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外。a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用ifeg, We are talk ing about whether well go on the pin

3、ic.b. 引导词与动词不定式或not连用时，只用whether.eg, Please let me know what to do n ext.Could you tell me whether u go or not?c. if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。E.g. Could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you?特殊情况：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词 + do you thi nk

4、+陈述句语序。3. 宾语从句时态a. 当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选 用相应的时态。例如： Do you know (if/whether he has seen the film ) ?b. 当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：I did nt know(if/whether he had see n the film.)注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从 句仍然要用一般现在时。例如： He said (that the earth moves round the sun.)The

5、teacher told us (that light travels much faster than sound.)4. 、人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与 主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“ May I use your knife? ” He asked me.t He asked me if he might use my knife.“ Do you know her telephone number？ ” He asked me.t He asked me if I know her telep

6、h one nu mber.b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk? I dont know.tI don t know who will give us a talk.Do you know ？ Where does he live?t Do you know where hes?live二、宾语从句的转化1.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree 等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she co

7、uld help me with my maths.t She agreed to help me with my maths.2. 当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide 等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成 “疑问词不定式结构 ”。例如：I dont know which sweater I should buy.t I dont know which sweater to buy.3. 当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach 等后面带双宾语时， 从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是

8、由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成 “疑问词不定式结构 ”或,者在连接代词 / 副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为 “连 接代词 /副词不定式 ”结构。如： tCould you tell me how to get to the park?4. 当主句谓语动词是find , see, watch, hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为宾语+宾补结构，宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 V-ing 形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.t She found the wallet

9、 lie/lying on the ground.试试看,你都学会了吗？ 语法巩固练习一、单项选择题。1. Have you decided for Australia?A. when will you leaveB. when do you leaveC. you will leave whenD. when you will leave2. Can you tell me ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3. The old man asked me .A. wh

10、ere was the cinemaB. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema wasD. where was the way to the cinema4.1 think you will like him. A. that B. if C. whyD. how5.1 didn t know h_e_will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how6.1 wonder .A. how much cost these shoesB. how much do these shoes costC.

11、how much these shoes costD. how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is8.Ask him _.A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9.1 don t know .A. what time the movie startsB. what time starts the movieC. t

12、he time to start the movieD. the movie what time starts10. The doctor asked me how long .A. was I illB. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill11. The weather forecast doesn A. if it rains tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrow12. Do you know ?A. whose pen is thisC. whom does the pen belon

13、g tot say .B. if does it rain tomorrowD. if will it rain tomorrowB. whose pen this isD. whom the pen belong to13.Could you tell me where ?A. the tape wasB. was the tapeC. the tape isD. is the tape14.They want to know ?A. where is the hospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave D. why is

14、the boy crying 15.Tony wanted to know .A. what had Father Christmas put in his stockingB. when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC. what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16.No one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to

15、give us a talk or not.A. whenB. whetherC. whereD. if17.July didnt know.A. where is Tims fatherB. when was the first watch madeC. who the old man isD. what was wrong with her watch18.No one told us , so we need your help.A. how should we doB. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do19.We

16、don t know with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do itB. how to doC. what do itD. what to do20.He asked meA. whether I find out the sender of the moneyB. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found outD. whether I found out the sender of

17、the money 二、阅读理解。 （成都实验外国语学校直升生试题 ） clock in the afternoon, just seventeen hours beforeher marriage“I must try it on, mother!Three minutes later Emily” she cried, as she ran upstairs.s cries brought her mpostahiersr .uThe dress was much bigger forEmily s wedding dress arrived at five oher. Emily was in tears.“Take it back to the dress makerTake it off and go.”The dress maker s shop was closed. the door. She ran home again to her mother.“This is unlucky,” Mrs. Bale said.s, ” Mrs. Bale said.“She must change