秘籍02介词和介词短语-2020年高考英语抢分秘籍(解析版)

1、秘笈02介词和介词短语紧考直但他介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。预计2020年高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查,精细化考查介词短语的辨析。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容 词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。考向 常考介词的辨析介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高，其用法跟冠词一样复杂。但根据近年来高考命题的情 况来看，考生需要掌握以下内容。1.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别表示的概念介词（短语）区另1J例inat在一个

2、时间点上； at 8 o ' clock, at noononin在一段的时间之内； in the 1990s, in January时间aton在具体日子。on Monday, on a warm .morningsincefromsince指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用； We have not seen each other since1995.from指从时间的某一点 I hope to do morning exercises from开始。today.in, afterin指在一段时间之后，也 可以指一段时间之内=within ;after表示某一具体时间点之后或用

3、在过去时的一段时间中。 We ll be back in three days. After seven the rain began to fall. What shall we do after graduation?in the endat the end of by the end ofin the end 作"最 后U、U终于“解，单独 作句子成分，后不接介词 of; at the end of 表小” 在末梢"，"到 尽头U ,既可指时间，也 可以指地上或物体，/、可 单独使用；by the end of 作"在结束时”，"到末为止

4、"解，只 能指时间。不口单独使 用。 In the end they reached a place of safety. At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden. They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week. By the end of last month he had finished the novel.a®betweenamongM说来,between Wtk 两者之间,among附十二 者或二者以上的中间。 You are

5、 to sit between your father and me. He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人CD Agreements were made between或东西，强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到 一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分 居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时，就 用 between。the different countries. The little valley lies between high mountains. They don' t know the difference

6、between wheat, rice and coin.inintoin通常表示位置（静态）；into表小动向，小表小目 的地或位置。 We walked in the park. We walked into the park.表示的概念构成例动作（表进行概念、表被动的关系）at+名词at dinner/table 在吃饭at work 在工作at war 交战at cards 在玩牌at work 在办公 at play 在玩耍at rest在休息at school在上学at press正在排印at church在做礼拜beyond+名词beyond belief 难以置信beyond

7、control 不听管教。beyond compare 尢可比拟beyond description 难以形容beyond expression 无达beyond suspicion 尢口怀疑in+名词或in +名词+of+名词in the army 在当兵in need of 需要in action 在运转in progress在进行in operation 在运行中 in use开始使用in sight看得见in store贮藏着in course of construction 正在兴建当 中。in (good) repair维修良好的in course of shipment.定的货止

8、在运输途中。in charge ofin the charge of 由in possession ofin the possession of 被on+名词on business 办事 /出差on holiday/vacation/leave 在休假on watch值班on duty值勤/日on guard 在值勤on strike 在罢工on sale出售on loan 借贷on the march 在行军on trial在试用on the air在广播on fire在燃烧on the move在移动，搬迁，离开on show/display/ exhibition 在展出under+名词

9、under control 在控制之中under discussion 在讨论underdevelopment 在发展中under observation 在观祭中under test 在被测试under construction 在建设中under fire 在炮火中under consideration 在考虑中under repair 在修理中under attack受至U袭击under arrest 被逮捕其他against one ' s opinon某人的见解for one ' s opin同酸某人的见解at the mercy of在 支配下；任由摆布9for s

10、ale供出售for rent供出租within sight看得见1. （2017 d匕京,单项填空）Many people who live along the coast make a living fishing industry.A. at【答案】BB. inC. onD. byin,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什【解析】句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用 in,故选Bo2. （2017 江苏 单项填空）Determining where we are our surroundings remains an

11、 essential skillfor our survival.A. in contrast toB. in defense ofC. in face ofD. in relation to【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语。A. in contrast to对比，截然不同；B. in defense of为辩护；C. in face of面对；D. in relation to与有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。故选Do3. （2017 北京单项填空）When you drive through the Redwood Forests in Californ

12、ia, you will be trees that are over 1,000 years old.A. amongB. againstC. behindD. below【答案】A【解析】句意：当你开车穿过加利福尼亚的红木森林时，你将会穿梭于超过千年历史的树木之间。be among位于之间；be against反对；be behind在后面；be below在之下。根据句意，故选A。4. (2017 新课标 II 卷语法填空)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds

13、(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62_ work.【答案】A from【解析】 考查介词，to and from来回，故填from。2 .常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别常见形容词搭配意义absent(be) absent from缺席(be) absent in小在这里用在afraid(be) afraid of担心(be) afraid for为 而担心angry(be) angry with sb.对某人生气(be) angry at/about sth.因某事而生气anxious(be)anxious f

14、or sth急于想得到(be)anxious about sth./sb.对某事/某人担心different(be) different from与不同(be) different to不关心familiar(be) familiar with精通，熟悉(be) familiar to为熟知（悉）good(be) good at(be) good for对 启益（be） good to对友好/态度好popular（be） popular with sb.受欢迎（be） popular for因 而流行strict（be） strict with sb.对某人要求严格（be） strict in

15、 sth.对某事要求严格3 .容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组类型举例差一冠词，大相径庭in front of （在 前曲）in the front of （在前首B）in charge of （in the charge of （由out of question （星:无疑问）out of the question （不可能）at table （在吃饭；在吃饭时）at the table （在桌子旁边）后无介词，意义/、同know sb.认识某人know about sb. 了解某人shoot sb.击中某人shoot at sb.向某人射击search sb.搜身search for st

16、# 寻某人believe sb.相信某人的话believe in sb怎任某人的人格benefit sb.使某人受益benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益处画蛇添足，误加介词serve the people为人民服务（容易在 serve后加for） enter the room 进入房间（容易在 enter后加into ）工follow me跟在我后面（容易在 follow后加behind ）marry sb.与某人结婚（容易在marry后加 with）go abroad出国（容易在 go后面加to）live upstairs住在楼上（谷易在 live后面加in）母语思维，误用介词b

17、e caught in the rain 被雨淋着（不用 by）leave for some place 动身去某地（不用 to）set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样（不用 for）in the direction 朝着方向（不用 to）do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙（不用 to）different from 和 不晅（不用 with）with the help of在的帮助下（不用 under）steal sth. from sb.偷某人的东西（不用 of）read sth. to sb.给（为）读（念）（不用 for）常用介词辨异1. except,

18、except for, except that, but, besides, beside,还可接介词短语、except"除之外"，指不包括，后面常接名词、代词（人称代词常用宾格）副词和动词不定式，此时相当于but,但不定式常不带to。except for"除了，只有“，意思和 except一样，主要指说明基本情况后，而在细节上加以修正，后面常接名词性短语。except that"除了，只是"，意思和except、except for一样。但在用法上，其后常接名词性从句，也可接when、where等词引导的其他从句。but所含"除外&

19、quot;的意思不如except明确。but多用在代词（主要是不定代词、否定代词和疑问代词）之后。besides表示"除外还有“，所排除的事物常包括在所述范围之内。另外，besides可用作副词，相当于also,有"而且，加之，何况”之意。beside也是介词，表示"在附近"，只不过形似besides,容易相互混淆。如果在区别前后有同类的词语时，就用except,否则就用except for。2. including , includedincluding是一个介词，意为"包括"，它一般放在包括对象的前面。included是一个过去分

20、词，意为“包括“。它一般用于被动语态中，也可放在包括对象的后面。3. in , with , by 用With通常指"用"具体的或有形的工具、器官等，有时也表示"用"某种手段、音调等。by作介词表示"用"时，一般指"用"方式、手段等。后面常接动名词或名词，后面接名词时，该名词 前面一般不加修饰语。in指"用"语言、字体、墨水、体裁、风格、方式、现金、顺序等。1 . （2019 课标卷 III 语法填空）We were first greeted with the barking by a pac

21、k dogs , seven to be exact.【答案】of【解析】 考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。2 .（2019 课标卷 III 短文改错）I want my cafe have a special theme such as like "Tang Dynasty".【答案】like删除【解析】 考查介词的用法。such as和like都是用来举例子，重复了。故把 like删除。3 .（2019 北京卷语法填空）First celebrated 1970 , the Day now includes events in more than

22、 190 countriesand regions（地区）.【答案】in【解析】 考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。4 .（2019 江苏卷单项选择）Favorable policies are to encourage employees' professional development.A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查介词短语。句意：好的政策事实上都会鼓励员工专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上，事

23、实上；B. in command指挥；C. in turn轮流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，处于良女？的状态。故选 A符合语境。5.（2019 天津卷单项选择 ）all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.A. According to B. Instead of C. In addition to D. In spite of【答案】D【解析】考查介词词组。句意：尽管存在所有这些问题，几个运动员还是表现很好。A. according to据（所说）;按（所报道）；B. instea

24、d of代替,作为的替换； C. in addition to另外，加之，除之外; D. in spite of 尽管，不管。故选 Do语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AMany great civilisations in history developed along rivers. Up to now, historians _1 （assume） that one of theoldest civilisations grew on the banks of the Indus River and its branches. Now, scien

25、tists may have found proof that people settled in _2_ region after the Indus River had changed its course.Archaeologists and scientists found that water hadn' t run through the Indus Valley for over 8,000 years. Thatmeans that when people 3 (start) settling in the area about 5,000 years ago ther

26、e was no river. In addition, some ancient 4 (place) were found in the old river bed, 5 would not have been the case if a river had been flowing through it.According 6 experts, the people who lived during that time may have got 7 (they) water from yearly monsoon rains(季风雨).There may have also been un

27、derground water supplies that they used. Other great cultures used the advantagesof a river to bring water to their fields and as a means of 8 (transport) goods throughout the region.Historians point out that civilisations donndedt toecessear用 river in order9 (grow). In fact, nothaving a river nearb

28、y may have advantages as 10 (good) because people would not have to deal with regular floods.本文为说明文。历史上很多伟大的文明都是沿着河流发展的，但是也有一些特殊情况。1 .have assumed考查时态。所填词作谓语，同时从 Up to now判断，用现在完成时。2 .the考查冠词。特指前面已经提到的地区。3 .started考查时态。所填词作谓语，同时从 about 5,000 years ago判断，用一般过去时。4 .places考查名词的复数。所填词作主语，从谓语 were found判

29、断，用复数。5 .which考查定语从句。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的整个内容，所以用which o6 .to考查介词。according to "根据；按照“，为固定短语。7 .their考查代词。所填词作定语，修饰名词water,判断用their。8 .transporting考查非谓语动词。从 of与goods判断，所填词为动名词transporting。9 .to grow 考查非谓语动词。in order to do sth."为了做某事“，为固定短语。10 .well考查副词。as well "也；又"，为固定短语。BA Frenc

30、h swimmer will try to become the first person to swim across the Pacific Ocean. Ben Lecomte, 51, set off from Japan on Tuesday. It 1 (take) him more than six months to complete the 9,000-km swim. He will have to swim for eight hours a day 2(reach) his target on the west coast of the USA. He will also have to face many 3. (danger). There will be sharks, storms, rough seas, and very low water temperatures. He will also have to fightexhaustion and any injuries he picks up along 4 way. However, Mr Lecomte said:" The me