14 专题十四并列句和复合句

1、栏目索引专题十四专题十四并列句和复合句并列句和复合句总纲目录栏目索引总纲目录总纲目录考点一考点二并列句复合句宾语从句考点三考点四复合句状语从句复合句定语从句总纲目录栏目索引考点2018年宾语从句状语从句34题27题31题2017年河南省五年中考统计2016年35题30题2015年35题30题2014年35题34题合计45中考预测定语从句并列句33题33题32题33题30题5考情分析考情分析1.河南五年中考对并列句和复合句的考查主要集中在对宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句的考查上。2.2019年中考对复合句的考查仍将集中在对宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句的考查上。3.对宾语从句的考查主要集中在时态、语

2、序和连接词上;对定语从句的考查主要集中在对关系词的选用上;对状语从句的考查主要集中在对从属连词的选用上考点突破栏目索引考点突破考点一考点一并列句并列句命题档案命题档案1.(2018河南商丘一模)Its 9 oclock.Im afraid I have to leave,late for the plane.Have a nice trip.A.so答案答案B.andC.butD.orDIll beD句意:现在九点钟。我恐怕不得不离开,否则我会赶不上飞机了。祝你旅行愉快。so 因此;and 而且;but 但是;or 否则,根据句意可知答案为D项。考点突破栏目索引2.(2018河南平顶山一模)L

3、i Rong passed her mother her glass Basked for some more tea.A.butB.andC.orD.if答案答案B句意:李荣递给她妈妈她的玻璃杯再要些茶。后;or或者;if如果。根据句意可知答案为B项。but但是;and而且,然考点突破栏目索引3.(2017河南安阳一模)A common teacher tells you the truth,teacher teaches you how to find it.Can excellent A.andB.soC.butD.or答案答案C句意:一名普通老师告诉你真理,但一名优秀教师教你如何发现真

4、理。根据句意可知,选C。4.Wang Hui is my friend, Ahe is not in my class.A.butB.orC.soD.if答案答案A句意:王辉是我的朋友,但他和我不在一个班。则;so因此;if如果。根据题意可知选A。考点突破栏目索引but但是;or或者,否考点突破栏目索引5.Leave the reference books behind,Ayou wont be able to think indepen-dently.A.orB.andC.soD.but 答案答案A句意:不要用参考书,否则你将无法独立思考。本题考查连词。否则;and 并且,和;so因此;bu

5、t但是。根据句意可知答案为A项。or 名师精讲名师精讲并列句的构成及用法并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中各简单句的地位同等重要,相互之间是平行并列的关系。考点突破栏目索引考点突破栏目索引1.构成:简单句+并列连词+简单句。2.常见的用于连接两个简单句的并列连词有:and, but, or, so ,for。(1)and意为“和,并且”,表示顺延、并列关系。如:Study hard, and youll make progress.努力学习,你就会取得进步。(2)but意为“但是”,表示转折关系。如:I like the story very much, but Li Ming

6、 isnt interested in it.我非常喜欢这个故事,可是李明却对它不感兴趣。(3)or意为“或者”时,表示选择关系,意为“否则”时,有警告、提醒之意。如:考点突破栏目索引Hurry up, or youll be late.快点儿,否则你会迟到的。(4)so意为“所以;因此;于是”,for意为“因为”,二者都表示因果关系。如:He got up late, so he was late for class.他起晚了,所以他上课迟到了。I have to stay up, for I have a lot of work to do.我不得不熬夜,因为我有许多工作要做。考点突破栏目

7、索引3.“祈使句+and/or+简单句”是固定句型,此句型中的祈使句在意义上相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。如:Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.快点儿,否则你会迟到的。考点突破栏目索引考点二考点二命题档案命题档案复合句复合句宾语从句宾语从句A. I have some good news for 1.(2018河南平顶山一模)Please tell me Sorry,I dont know.A.where Jim livesB.where does Jim liveC.where Jim live

8、d D.where did Jim live答案答案A句意:请告诉我Jim住在哪儿。我有一些好消息给他。对不起,我不知道。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序,又根据句意可知答案为A项。考点突破栏目索引2.I just came back from Shanghai Disneyland. Can you guess C?Ive no idea. But it cant be cheap. Ive heard everything is very expensive there.A.how I came back homeB.how many days I stayed thereD.wh

9、en I came backC.how much I paid for the Mickey Mouse toy答案答案C句意:我刚刚从上海迪士尼乐园回来。你能猜出我买这个米老鼠玩具花了多少钱吗?我不知道。但它不可能是便宜的。我听说那儿的一切东西都很贵。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序且根据句意可知答案为C项。考点突破栏目索引3.What did Miss Yao say just now?She told us C.A.why was Mary late for schoolB.whether we had too much homeworkC.that we would have

10、an English test soonD.how did she come to school this morning答案答案C句意:刚才姚老师说什么了?她告诉我们,我们马上将要进行英语考试了。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序,故排除A、D项,又根据句意可知答案为C项。考点突破栏目索引4.Id like to know BMaybe in the forest.A.whether we will go camping B.where we will go campingC.whether will we go camping D.where will we go camping答案

11、答案B句意:我想知道我们去哪里野营。或许在森林里。考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序,排除C和D;根据答句“或许在森林里”可知是问“去哪里野营”,故选B。考点突破栏目索引名师精讲名师精讲一、宾语从句的引导词及其作用考点突破栏目索引引导词that引导词的作用本身无意义,只起连接作用 ,口语中可省略例句He said(that)Kate was good at swimming. 他说凯特擅长游泳。what,which,who,whose,whom 等在从句中作一定的成分 ,如主语、宾语、定语等I dont know what they are going to do. 我不知道他们打算干什么。

12、when(表时间),where(表地点),why(表原因),how(表方式)等在从句中作状语He wants to know where we will go. 他想知道我们要去什么地方。He explained how the system worked. 他讲解了该系统是如何运转的。if/whether意为“是否” ,在从句中不作成分 ,但不能省略He asked me if Miss Wei was a teacher.他问我魏小姐是否是一名教师。考点突破栏目索引二、宾语从句中常见的问题1.主句与从句时态一致的问题(1)如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),

13、那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。He has told me that hell leave for New York tomorrow.他已经告诉我明天他就要动身去纽约了。(2)如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、考点突破栏目索引过去完成时)。He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。He asked

14、 me if I had taken his soap.他问我是否拿了他的肥皂。(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是一般过去时,从句也用一般现在时。He told me that the earth revolves around the sun.(真理)他告诉我地球绕着太阳转。考点突破栏目索引He said that Yao Ming is much taller than him.(事实)他说姚明比他高很多。考点突破栏目索引2.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照主语+谓语的顺序。What

15、s Kates e-mail address?Do you know?=Do you know what Kates e-mail address is?你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗?注意:(1)如果复合句中宾语从句很长,那么可以用it作为形式宾语,以免句子头重脚轻。如:He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.考点突破栏目索引他很明确地说他更愿意学习英语。(2)在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, sup-pose等时,要将从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,

16、而从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。如:I dont think he can swim.我认为他不会游泳。考点突破栏目索引考点三考点三命题档案命题档案复合句复合句状语从句状语从句1.(2018河南安阳一模)Not everything that is faced can be changed,but nothing can be changed A.ifB.sinceDit is faced.C.afterD.until答案答案D句意:不是一切面对的事情都能被改变,但直到它被面对之前什么都不能改变。if 如果;since 自以后;after 在之后;until 直到为止,根据句意可知答案为D项。考点

17、突破栏目索引2.(2017河南许昌一模)Why didnt you speak up fair?Ayou thought that wasntA.ifC.untilB.becauseD.though答案答案A句意:如果你认为那是不公平的为什么不大声说出来?if如果;be-cause因为;until直到为止;though尽管,根据句意可知答案为A项。考点突破栏目索引3.Chen Wei isnt at school today Bhe is entering a robot competition in Shanghai.A.soB.becauseC.beforeD.if答案答案B句意:陈伟今天

18、没上学,因为他正在上海参加机器人比赛。“参加机器人比赛”是“没上学”的原因,应用because。故选B。考点突破栏目索引4.BA.Howthe dinner was all over,everyone helped wash the dishes.B.When C.BeforeD.Why答案答案B句意:当晚饭完全结束时,每个人都帮忙洗餐具。how怎样;when当时;before 在之前;why为什么。根据句意可知选择B项。考点突破栏目索引名师精讲名师精讲状语从句由从属连词引导,与主句连接,位于句首时,常用逗号与主句分开,位于句末时,其前一般不用逗号。状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、条件状

19、语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、地点状语从句等。考点突破状语从句的分类时间状语从句从句的引导词when/while/as( 当时),before(在之例句栏目索引I was doing my homework when my father came in.当我爸爸进前),after(在之后),since(自从),not. until 来的时候,我正在做作业。(直到才),as soon as( 一就)He did not go to bed until his father came back.直到他爸爸回来他才去睡觉。条件状语从句if(如果),as long a

20、s( 只要),unless(除非)If it doesn t rain tomorrow,they will go to the museum.如果明天不下雨,他们将会去博物馆。Unless bad weather stops me,I go for a walk every day.我每天都会去散步,除非遇上坏天气。原因状语从句because(因为),since(既然),as(由于)I like to eat apples because they are good for my health.我喜欢吃苹果,因为苹果对我的健康有益。Since everyone is here,let s b

21、egin our meeting. 既然每个人都在这里,让我们开始开会吧。考点突破栏目索引目的状语从句so that(以便,为了),in order that( 为了)He gets up early every morning so that he can get to school on time.他每天早上都起得很早 ,以便能准时到校。结果状语从句so.that./such.that.( 如此以至于)Its so hot that nobody wants to go out. 天气太热,没人想出去。让步状语从句though/although( 尽管,虽然),even if(即使),wh

22、atever( 无Wherever you go,I will go with you. 无论你去哪论什么),wherever(无论哪里),whenever( 无论何时)里,我都跟着你。Whenever you come,I will wait for you. 无论你什么时候来,我都会等你。地点状where,whereverSit wherever you like. 随便坐。语从句考点突破栏目索引1.时间状语从句(1)when的用法when意为“当时”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。如:I feel very happy when you come to se

23、e me.你们来看我时,我感到很高兴。When you are crossing the street,you must be careful.你(们)过马路时,一定要小心。when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性动词,也可以用终止性动考点突破栏目索引词。如:I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.当我在上海时,我在一家外企工作。(2)while的用法while引导时间状语从句时常译为“与同时,在期间”。的从句常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。 如:They rushed in while we were discussi

24、ng problems.当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。(3)as的用法while引导考点突破栏目索引as引导时间状语从句时可以表达“正当,一边一边,随着”等意思。如:Helen heard the story as she washed clothes.海伦一边洗衣服一边听故事。We get wiser as we get older.我们随着年龄的增长而变得更聪明。(4)before与after的用法before表示“在之前”,after表示“在之后”。如I will always work hard before I enter Peking University.在我考入北京大学之

25、前我将一直努力学习。:考点突破栏目索引She showed me many beautiful stamps after I got to her home.我到达她家以后,她让我看了好多漂亮的邮票。(5)until/till的用法till/until都表示“直到为止”,常可换用,但till不用于句首。示“直到才”。如:You may stay here until the rain stops.你可以在这里一直待到雨停了为止。He didnt go to bed until he had finished his work.他直到完成工作才去睡觉。not.until表考点突破栏目索引(6)s

26、ince的用法since表示“自以来”,在含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。如:I have worked in this company since I graduated from Peking University.自从北京大学毕业后,我就一直在这家公司上班。(7)as soon as的用法在含有as soon as引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中,从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即发生,意为“一就”。as soon as引导的从句经常用一般现在时表示将来。如:考点突破栏目索引As soon as he arrives,Ill te

27、ll him.他一到,我就告诉他。考点突破栏目索引2.条件状语从句(1)if的用法含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。如:Ill visit the Great Wall if it doesnt rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我将去游览长城。(2)unless的用法unless意为“除非,如果不”,相当于“if.not.”。Unless you go at once,you will be late.考点突破栏目索引如果你不马上走,你就会迟到的。(3)as long as的用法as long as意为“只要”。如:As long as we

28、show our love,the world will be full of happiness.只要我们给予别人爱,世界将会充满幸福。考点突破栏目索引3.原因状语从句(1)because的用法表因果关系的语气最强,用来回答why的问句,所引出的原因往往是听话人所不知道或最感兴趣的,because引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。如:Im leaving because I am fed up with the boss.我要离开是因为我讨厌老板。My friends admire me because I am handsome and successful.因为我帅气并且成功,所以

29、我的朋友们羡慕我。考点突破栏目索引(2)since的用法引出的原因往往是人们已知的事实,意为“既然”,通常放在句首。since引导的从句是次要的,重点强调主句的内容。如:Since Monday is Bobs birthday,lets give him a party.既然星期一是鲍勃的生日,咱们给他举办一个聚会吧。Since everyone is here,lets begin.既然大家都来了,咱们开始吧。(3)as的用法as与since用法差不多,所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人考点突破栏目索引所熟悉而不需要用because加以强调。as引导的从句与主句具有同等的重要

30、性。如:She didnt hear us come in as she was asleep.她睡着了,所以她没听见我们进来。(4)now(that)的用法now(that)主要用于口语,表示微弱的原因,主、从句因果关系不明显,意为“既然”。如:Now(that)you have come,you may as well stay here.既然你已经来了,你最好留在这里。考点突破栏目索引4.目的状语从句(1)引导目的状语从句的词或词组有so that,in order that 等,谓语中常含有may,might,can,could,will,would 等情态动词。如:He must g

31、et up early so that he can go to work on time.他必须早点起床,以便能按时上班。(2)当从句主语与主句主语一致时,可用so as to,in order to。如:He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.=He worked day and night in order to succeed.他夜以继日地工作为的是取得成功。考点突破栏目索引5.结果状语从句(1)由so.that,such.that 引导。so.that与such.that的区别:?so? 形容词或副词?that?s

32、uch?a / an? 形容词 ? 单数名词 ?that?such? 形容词 ? 复数名词 ?that?such? 形容词 ? 不可数名词 ?that?so? 形容词 ?a / an? 单数名词 ?that当名词前面有many、much、little(少)、few修饰时,用so而不用such。如She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.:考点突破栏目索引=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much.她是一个如此可爱的女孩,以至于我们都很喜欢她。We have so much

33、 time that we can finish the work very well.我们有如此多的时间,以至于我们能很好地完成工作。(2)so.that句型的否定形式可用简单句too.to.或not.enough to 代替。如He is so young that he cant go to school.=He is too young to go to school.=He is not old enough to go to school.他太小了不能去上学。:考点突破栏目索引6.让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有though/although(虽然),even though/i

34、f(尽管),who-ever/no matter who(无论谁),however/no matter how(无论怎样),whatever/no matter what(无论什么)等。(1)though/although的用法although和though意义一样,都作“虽然,尽管”讲,都表示让步,一般情况下可互换使用,只是although语气较重,大多置于句首。可以与yet连用,但不与but连用。如: They are generous though they are poor.考点突破栏目索引虽然他们很穷,但他们很慷慨。Although he was Japanese,he spent

35、most of his life in China.尽管他是日本人,但他大多数时间是在中国度过的。(2)even though与even if的用法even though与even if都是“尽管,即使”的意思,表示语气更强的让步。如Even though hes 24 now,hes still like a little child.尽管他现在24岁了,但他仍然像个小孩子。Well take a trip even if/even though the weather is bad.即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。:考点突破栏目索引(3)wh-ever类引导词的用法在英语中wh-ever既可

36、引导名词性从句,还可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时常可换成“no matter+相应的wh-词”,在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever词。如:Whenever Im unhappy,it is my friend who cheers me up.(=No matter when Imunhappy,it is my friend who cheers me up.)不管什么时候我不高兴,总是我的朋友使我振作起来。考点突破栏目索引7.地点状语从句(1)引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where和wherever,指具体地点时,从句可位于主句之前或之后;表示抽象的含义时,从句需放在主句之前。

37、如:He lives where the climate is cool.他住在气候凉爽的地方。Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者,事竟成。(2)注意区分where引导的状语从句与定语从句。如:你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。Youd better make a mark where you have questions.(状语从句)Youd better make a mark at the place where you have questions.(定语从句)考点突破栏目索引注意:1.不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词(1)because因为,

38、引导原因状语从句,so所以,用于并列句,不能同时出现在一个句子里,只能用其一。如:Because he was tired,he couldnt walk here.=He was tired,so he couldnt walk here.因为他累了,所以他不能走到这儿了。(2)though/although虽然,引导让步状语从句,but但是,用于并列句,不能同时出现在一个句子里,只能用其一。但though/although和yet 可以同时出现在一个句子里(此时yet 作副词用)。如:考点突破栏目索引Though he was tired,he still worked hard.=He

39、was tired,but he still worked hard.虽然他很累,但他仍然努力工作。考点突破栏目索引2.when,while,as的区别when,while,as引导的从句都可以使用延续性动词。when,as都可以与非延续性动词连用,而while则不能。when可表示瞬间,也可表示时间段,与主句所陈述的动作、事情可同时发生,也可有先后。while常用于连接同时进行的两个延续性动词相伴随而发生的动作。as不指先后,尤指两个动作或事件同时发生。如:The film had been on when we arrived.我们到时电影已经开始了。My mother was cooki

40、ng while I was doing my homework.考点突破栏目索引我做作业时妈妈在做饭。As I left the house,I forgot the key.我离开房子时忘记带钥匙了。考点突破栏目索引考点四考点四命题档案命题档案复合句复合句定语从句定语从句DI have told you many times.1.(2018河南许昌一模)Mike,this is the college Wow!Dad,was it the only one you and Mom studied in then?Its so big and beautiful!A.that;whichB.

41、which;which C.what;thatD.which;that答案答案D句意:迈克,这是我已经告诉你许多次的大学。哇!爸爸,它是唯一一所你和妈妈一起学习过的学校吗?它是那么大和漂亮!本题考查定语从句。第一设空处由先行词college且关系代词在从句中作宾语可知应用关系代词that/which;第二设空处因前有the only修饰先行词one故应用关系代词that,故答案。考点突破栏目索引2.(2017河南许昌一模)It is hard to imagine a student to skate in Harbin.Ddoesnt know how A.whomB.whichC.what

42、D.who答案答案D句意:很难想象一个在哈尔滨的学生不知道如何滑冰。本题考查定语从句。由先行词student且关系代词在从句中作主语可知答案为D项。考点突破栏目索引3.Im thankful to the man A.whoB.whichAis the most important in my life.D.whoseC.whom答案答案A句意:我对在我一生中最重要的人表示感谢。本题考查定语从句。由先行词man及关系代词在从句中作主语可知答案为A项。考点突破栏目索引4.Which song do you like better,Lucy?I prefer the song Little App

43、le Acan attract many people.A.which B.who C.whom D.where答案答案A句意:Lucy,你更喜欢哪首歌? 我更喜欢那首能够吸引很多人的歌小苹果。本题考查定语从句。先行词为the song Little Ap-ple ,关系词指物且在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which或that,故答案为A项。考点突破栏目索引名师精讲名师精讲在复合句中作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose和关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词既起

44、连接作用,又在从句中的充当成分。考点突破关系词that,who,whom功能that作主语、宾语、表语;who作主语、人先行词例句栏目索引Do you know the old woman who/that is standing under the宾语;whom作宾语which作主语、宾语、表语物tree?你认识站在树下的那位老太太吗?She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台她父母给她买的电脑。whose作定语人、物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very ha

45、rd.那个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是个医生。The classroom whose windows are open is ours.开着窗户的那个教室是我们的教室。when作状语时间I still remember the day when you left for Beijing. 我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。where作状语地点This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那所学校。why作状语reasonCould you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你为什么迟到吗?考点突破栏目索引一、关系代词的用法一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替wh