全新版大学英语 第二版 综合教程1 Unit3 电子教案 PPT 第2版 综合教程一

1、Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingWarm-up Exercises Background Information Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingWarm-up Exercises Journey on the Paper Brainstorming CloneBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingA

2、fter ReadingSupplementary ReadingCloneNewsDiscussion Ads DesigningBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingBackground Information Stephen Hawking Albert Einstein Frankenstein Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingStephen Ha

3、wking Brief Introduction to Stephen HawkingChronology of Stephen Hawking Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingAlbert Einstein (18791955)Monologue of EinsteinAlbert Einsteins Special Theory of RelativityAlbert Einsteins Gen

4、eral Theory of Relativity Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingFrankenstein A General IntroductionA Clip in the Novel Frankenstein Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading Now lets go on a journey through the most spectac

5、ular 100 years in the history of science and technology to have an overview of how our understanding of the world has grown from 1900 to today. Journey on the Paper Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading MATTERS OF LIFE AND DEATH Medicine and Health1900:Patien

6、ts battle illness, while doctors can do little more than counsel (劝告劝告) and comfort them and keep them clean.Today:Doctors treat and often cure patients with a vast array (一大批一大批) of medicines and medical technologies, but some diseases are still incurable.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed Readin

7、gAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading MYSTERIES OF THE UNIVERSE Physics and Astronomy 1900:The Milky Way galaxy (星系星系) (including some unexplained nebular clouds (星云星云) is the known universe. Newtons laws explain the physical world. Matter is composed of atoms. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed Rea

8、dingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingToday:The Milky Way is just one galaxy among countless millions we have observed in the universe. There is no set of laws that explains all phenomena in the physical world, although there are many theories. Atoms are composed of many subatomic particles, all of

9、which derive from (来自于来自于) energy.MYSTERIES OF THE UNIVERSE Physics and Astronomy Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingToday:Mental illness can be treated with a range of therapies (治疗治疗) and medications. We know a great deal about the chemistry and the parts

10、 of the brain that control our behavior and thoughts.RESEARCH INTO OURSELVES Human Behavior1900:There is no cure for the mentally ill, who are confined to insane asylums (精神病院精神病院). “Mind” and “body” arethought of as two separate things. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSuppl

11、ementary ReadingFASTER, CLOSER, BETTER Technology1900:The only way to view the Olympic Games in Paris is in person. News about the Games travels to America via (通过通过) telegraph and is printed in newspapers. Today:Millions worldwide watch the 2008 Beijing Olympics on television, transmitted instantan

12、eously (瞬间瞬间地地) by satellite. The news spreads as well by radio, newspaper, and the World Wide Web.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingORIGINS Earth and Life Science1900:There is no good explanation for catastrophic events such as earthquakes. The Earth is t

13、hought to be a mere 50 million years old, and the evolution of species is hotly debated.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingToday:The plates (板块板块) that make up the Earths crust (地壳地壳) move over time, causing earthquakes and volcanoes. The Earth is known to

14、be 4,500 million years old. The genetic code of DNA, which drives evolution, is better understood every day.ORIGINS Earth and Life ScienceBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingBrainstorm some of the scientific and technological inventions. geneticengineering c

15、ell phonee-mailclone nuclear weapons laptop (笔记本电脑笔记本电脑) nanotechnology(纳米技术纳米技术) Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDiscussion Do all these inventions always change our lives for thebetter? Give examples to explain your opinion.Before ReadingGlobal Reading

16、Detailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingNewsNews 1In Feb. 1997 News 2 In Apr. 1998News 3 In Feb. 2003Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading In February 1997 a group of geneticists (遗传学家遗传学家) led by Ian Wilmut at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Sco

17、tland, announced that they had cloned a sheep from the mammary gland tissue (乳腺组织乳腺组织) of a six-year-old ewe (母羊母羊), the first time scientists have been able to clone an adult mammal (哺乳动物哺乳动物).Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading Dolly, the first-ever mamma

18、l to be successfully cloned from an adult cell, with her first lamb, named Bonnie, is seen at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland in this image on April 23, 1998. Dolly, who was naturally mated at the end of last year with a Welsh Mountain ram (公羊公羊), gave birth to Bonnie on April 13, provin

19、g that despite her unusual origins, she is able to breed normally and produce healthy offspring.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading Dolly, the sheep, the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell, has been put down after she was found to hav

20、e a lung disease, the Roslin Institute in Scotlands capitalEdinburgh said on Feb 17, 2003. “She was suffering from an incurable disease,” said Dr. Harry Griffin, after Roslin released a statement saying the decision had been taken to put Dolly down after she contracted (感染感染) progressive lung diseas

21、e.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDiscussionWhat is your attitude towards clone?Clone is a member of a group of organisms or plants produced non-sexually from one ancestor.The suggested ethical and practical arguments both for and against cloning：For:Aga

22、inst:Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading1. Technology is not well developed. It has a low fertility rate (出生率出生率). In cloning Dolly, 277 eggs were used, 30 started to divide, nine induced pregnancy, and only one survived to term (临产临产).2. Clones may be trea

23、ted as second-class citizens and the unknown psychosocial harm with impacts on the family and society.3. Loss of genetic variation.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading1. Animals from endangered species could be cloned to prevent extinction.2. Cloning would b

24、e a good source for organ and bone marrow (骨髓骨髓) transplants.3. Sterile (不育的不育的) couples will be able to have offspring who will have either the mothers or fathers genetic pattern.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingAds DesigningUse attention-grabbing images

25、 and snappy (简洁简洁) yet informative language in your ads. You might find models of such images and language in other public service advertisements, such as (A few good examples can be found at and .)Decide for yourself which side of the issue to support and then plan a public service advertisement ca

26、mpaign for or against cloning.1.2.the ones that discourage people from smoking. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingsmokingBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingBrief Introduction to Stephen HawkingStephen Hawking (194

27、2 ): British theoretical physicist and mathematician Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingChronology of Stephen Hawking 1942 1958 1962 Born in Oxford, England.Entered and became especially interested in thermodynamics (热力学热力学), relativity theory, and quantum

28、mechanics (量子力学量子力学).Received a bachelors degree in physics and then enrolled as a research student in general relativity at the .Oxford University University of CambridgeBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading1966 Earned his Ph.D. degree at the University of C

29、ambridge. Stayed at the University of Cambridge to do post-doctoral research. Diagnosed as having Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化). “I am quite often asked: How do you feel about having ALS? The answer is, not a lot. I try to lead as normal a life as possible, and not think

30、 about my condition, or regret the things it prevents me from doing, which are not that many.”Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading1977 1979 Became a professor of physics.Appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, a post once held by Isaac Newt

31、on. This is a picture of Stephen Hawking, “Isaac Newton” and “Albert Einstein”.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading1988 19931996 Published his famous book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes.Wrote Black Holes and Baby Universes and Othe

32、r Essays.Co-authored a book with Sir Roger Penrose titled The Nature of Space and Time.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingOxford University Chronology of Stephen Hawking Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingUniversit

33、y of CambridgeChronology of Stephen Hawking Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingMain Achievements of Stephen Hawking singularityA point in space-time at which the space-time curvature (曲率曲率) becomes infinite.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter

34、ReadingSupplementary Readingmisuse v. 误用，错用误用，错用turn out 结果是结果是manner n. 方式，风格方式，风格entropy n. 熵，热力学概念。熵，热力学概念。fatal a. 重大的，致命的重大的，致命的motivate v. 激发激发irritation n. 愤怒愤怒black hole A region of space-time from which nothing, not even light, can escape. Nothing can escape because gravity is so strong.Wit

35、h the help of the following words and expressions, listen to a recording of more information on black hole. object n. 物体物体emit v. 放射，吐露放射，吐露the event horizon 事件视界，即黑洞的边界事件视界，即黑洞的边界Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingA Brief History of TimeOne of his books to

36、 make his work accessible to the public.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingMedal of Freedom Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading By their very definition, black holes are objects which are not supposed to emit anyth

37、ing. It therefore seemed that the area of the event horizon of a black hole could not be regarded as its entropy. In fact in 1972, I wrote a paper on this subject with Brandon Carter and an American colleague Jim Bardeen. We pointed out that, although there were many similarities between entropy and

38、 the area of the event horizon, there was this apparently fatal difficulty. I must admit that in writing this paper I was motivated partly by irritation with Beckenstein, because I felt he had misused my discovery of the increase of the area of the event horizon. However, it turned out in the end th

39、at he was basically correct, though in a manner he had certainly not expected. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading Persistent in his pursuit of knowledge, Stephen Hawking has unlocked new pathways of discovery and inspired people around the world. He has de

40、dicated his life to exploring the fundamental laws that govern the universe, and he has contributed to some of the greatest scientific discoveries of our time. His work has stirred the imagination of experts and lay persons alike. Living with a disability and possessing an uncommon ease of spirit, S

41、tephen Hawkings attitude and achievements inspire hope, intellectual curiosity, and respect for the tremendous power of science.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingMonologue of EinsteinAlbert Einstein (18791955) Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAf

42、ter ReadingSupplementary Reading I was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. As you may know, 1905 was a big year for me. Thats when I turned the world upside down, at least for scientists, with several new ideas. I proposed that space and time had to be looked at in a whole new way that Newtons view of spa

43、ce and time was inaccurate. These ideas became known as the special theory of relativity and introduced the equation E=mc2. Ten years later I presented the general theory of relativity. The general theory showed that gravity is not a force, as Newton had thought. It is instead a curvature (曲率曲率) of

44、the space-time continuum. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingAlbert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity1) Which of the following does not change according to Einstein? _A. TimeB. MassC. Speed of lightD. Length Listen to the recording and choose the best

45、answer.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingAlbert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity1) Which of the following does not change according to Einstein? _AA. TimeB. MassC. Speed of lightD. Length Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSuppl

46、ementary ReadingAlbert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity1) Which of the following does not change according to Einstein? _BA. TimeB. MassC. Speed of lightD. Length Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingAlbert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity1) Which

47、 of the following does not change according to Einstein? _CA. TimeB. MassC. Speed of lightD. Length Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading1) Which of the following does not change according to Einstein? _DA. TimeB. MassC. Speed of lightD. Length Albert Einstei

48、ns Special Theory of RelativityBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading2) The two spaceships mentioned are exactly alike except for _.A. speedB. colorC. massD. motionBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading2) The two spacesh

49、ips mentioned are exactly alike except for _.A. speedB. colorC. massD. motionABefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading2) The two spaceships mentioned are exactly alike except for _.A. speedB. colorC. massD. motionBBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfte

50、r ReadingSupplementary Reading2) The two spaceships mentioned are exactly alike except for _.A. speedB. colorC. massD. motionCBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading2) The two spaceships mentioned are exactly alike except for _.A. speedB. colorC. massD. motionD

51、Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading3) What does the scientist in the spaceship measure? _A. The speed of the spaceship.B. The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the spaceship.C. The speed of the other spaceship.D. The time needed for a beam of light

52、s travel in the other spaceship.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading3) What does the scientist in the spaceship measure? _A. The speed of the spaceship.B. The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the spaceship.C. The speed of the other spaceship.D. The

53、 time needed for a beam of lights travel in the other spaceship.ABefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading3) What does the scientist in the spaceship measure? _A. The speed of the spaceship.B. The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the spaceship.C. The sp

54、eed of the other spaceship.D. The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the other spaceship.BBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading3) What does the scientist in the spaceship measure? _A. The speed of the spaceship.B. The time needed for a beam of lights

55、travel in the spaceship.C. The speed of the other spaceship.D. The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the other spaceship.CBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading3) What does the scientist in the spaceship measure? _A. The speed of the spaceship.B. The

56、time needed for a beam of lights travel in the spaceship.C. The speed of the other spaceship.D. The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the other spaceship.DBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading4) What did the scientist in the red ship see or conclude?

57、 _A. His beam of light does not appear to go straight up.B. The beam of light in the blue ship appears to come straight down.C. Time passed more slowly in the red ship.D. The blue ship is shorter than the red one.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading4) What d

58、id the scientist in the red ship see or conclude? _AA. His beam of light does not appear to go straight up.B. The beam of light in the blue ship appears to come straight down.C. Time passed more slowly in the red ship.D. The blue ship is shorter than the red one.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed

59、ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading4) What did the scientist in the red ship see or conclude? _BA. His beam of light does not appear to go straight up.B. The beam of light in the blue ship appears to come straight down.C. Time passed more slowly in the red ship.D. The blue ship is shorter than

60、 the red one.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading4) What did the scientist in the red ship see or conclude? _CA. His beam of light does not appear to go straight up.B. The beam of light in the blue ship appears to come straight down.C. Time passed more slowl